-on

patient trigger verbal affix, infinitive form
1. non-durative action; an action done unto something or someone without necessarily referencing the duration of the act; see Perfective aspect
  Coordinate term: paga- -on — durative patient trigger
  
  ‎kaon (“eat”) + ‎-on → ‎kan-on (“to eat something”)
  
  Kan-on nako ang isda. ― I will eat the fish. (The "fish" is focused)
  
  Kan-on nako ― I will eat it
2. (with verbs of motion) go to do/get/achieve something
  ‎saka (“climb”) + ‎-on → ‎sak-on (“to climb to get something”)
  
  ‎balik (“return”) + ‎-on → ‎balikon (“to return to do something”)
  
  Balikon ka namo ― We will come back to get you
3. (with roots referring to a state) make into such state
  ‎pula (“red”) + ‎-on → ‎pulahon (“to make something red”)
  
  ‎hurot (“consumed”) + ‎-on → ‎hutdon (“to use up all that is left”)
  
  ‎upat (“four”) + ‎-on → ‎upaton (“to make/divide into four parts”)
  
  ‎ayo (“good”) + ‎-on → ‎ayohon (“to fix”)
4. (with adjectives referring to manner) do something in such manner
  ‎ayo (“good”) + ‎-on → ‎ayohon (“to do something well”)
  
  ‎kalit (“sudden”) + ‎-on → ‎kaliton (“to do something suddenly”)
5. (with names or titles) call someone by that name or title
  Kuyahon ka niya ― He calls you "kuya"
6. (uncommon, with words referring to time) do at such time
  Ugmaon na lang 'ni nako. ― I will just do this tomorrow.
7. (with things that can be used as an instrument to hit something) strike with so-and-so
  Bakyaon nako siya ― I will hit him/her with a wooden slipper
contemplative aspect of -on

Usage notes

Often, the stress is moved to the next syllable after affixation:
‎bálik + ‎-on → ‎balíkon

‎áyo + ‎-on → ‎ayóhon

‎pulá + ‎-on → ‎pulahón

‎kalít + ‎-on → ‎kalitón

Derived terms

Cebuano terms suffixed with -on

Suffix

-on (adjective-forming suffix)

(added to adjectives) somewhat, kind of, -ish
Synonym: murag, full reduplication of root

‎gamay (“small”) + ‎-on → ‎gamayon (“rather small”)

‎barato (“cheap”) + ‎-on → ‎baratohon (“rather cheap”)
(added to Spanish monetary numbers) worth much
Synonyms: tag-, balig

‎piso (“one peso”) + ‎-on → ‎pisohon (“worth one peso”)

‎baynte (“twenty pesos”) + ‎-on → ‎bayntehon (“worth twenty pesos”)
forms demonyms
Synonyms: -anon, -non, -hon

Usage notes

In the first and second senses, the stress is always on the last syllable:
‎mahál + ‎-on → ‎mahalón (“somewhat expensive”)

‎báyot + ‎-on → ‎bayotón (“gayish”)

Derived terms

Suffix

-on (noun-forming suffix)

alternative form of -onon
Duna pa koy hatagon nimo. ― I still have something to give you.

References

John U. Wolff (1972), A dictionary of Cebuano Visayan‎^[1] (overall work in Cebuano and English), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pages 1158-1159

Danish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [-ˈoˀn]

Suffix

-on

(organic chemistry) -one

Derived terms

Danish terms suffixed with -on

oganesson

radon

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɔn/
Audio: (file)

Suffix

-on

(organic chemistry) -one
(particles) -on

Finnish

Etymology

See -Vn (illative suffix).

Suffix

-on

Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn.

Anagrams

no

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ōnem.

Suffix

-on m (plural -ons) (ORB)

forms augmentative nouns

Derived terms

Franco-Provençal terms suffixed with -on

agouelyon

pêvron

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɔ̃/
Audio (France (Lyon)): (file)
Audio (France (Somain)): (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French -on, from Old French -on, a blending of Latin -ōnem (accusative singular of -ō, masculine appellative suffix), Frankish *-on (accusative of *-ō, ending of masculine weak declension nouns), Frankish *-īn (diminutive suffix), and *-ing (diminutive suffix for animals, via -enc, -enz). Some also descend from the Celtic singulative *-onos, such as mouton.

Suffix

-on m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ons, feminine -onne)

forms diminutives of things, including some animals
‎chat (“cat”) + ‎-on → ‎chaton (“kitten”)

‎ours (“bear”) + ‎-on → ‎ourson (“cub”)
forms augmentatives of things
‎médaille (“medal”) + ‎-on → ‎médaillon (“medallion”)
indicates origin or occupation
‎marmite (“cooking pot”) + ‎-on → ‎marmiton (“pot and pan washer; kitchen porter”)

‎quartier (“quarter”) + ‎-on → ‎quarteron (“quarter of a pound”)

‎char (“carriage”) + ‎-on → ‎charron (“wheelwright”)

‎bûche (“log”) + ‎-on → ‎bûcheron (“lumberjack”)

Descendants

→ English: -oon

Suffix

-on (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -onne, masculine plural -ons, feminine plural -onnes)

forms adjectives of characteristic
‎mollasse (“molasses”) + ‎-on → ‎mollasson (“sluggish”)

‎brouiller (“to blur; to scramble”) + ‎-on → ‎brouillon (“disorganized, disjointed”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ον (-on), neuter of -ος (-os), masculine adjective ending.

Suffix

-on m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ons)

(physics and biology) -on
‎magnét(ique) (“magnetic”) + ‎-on → ‎magnéton (“magneton”)

‎ostéo- + ‎-on → ‎ostéon (“osteon”)

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -on

Forming diminutives

Gothic

Romanization

-ōn

romanization of -𐍉𐌽

Hungarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [on]

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-on (superessive case suffix)

on
‎asztal (“table”) + ‎-on → ‎asztalon (“on [a/the] table”)
Egy váza van az asztalon ― There is a vase on the table.

Usage notes

(superessive case suffix) Variants:
-n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

-on is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant

-en is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

-ön is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

Hungarian case suffixes
case	back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	front vowel
case	back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	unrounded e, é, i, í	rounded ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative	—
accusative	-t
accusative	-ot / -at	-et	-öt
dative	-nak	-nek
instrumental	-val	-vel
causal-final	-ért
translative	-vá	-vé
terminative	-ig
essive-formal	-ként¹
essive-modal	-ul	-ül
inessive	-ban	-ben
superessive	-n
superessive	-on	-en	-ön
adessive	-nál	-nél
illative	-ba	-be
sublative	-ra	-re
allative	-hoz	-hez	-höz
elative	-ból	-ből
delative	-ról	-ről
ablative	-tól	-től

¹ Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként.
alma — almában, but almaként
zene ― zenében, but zeneként

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-on

(verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem ― often an onomatopoeia ― to form a verb, normally expressing an instantaneous action.
oson (“to sneak”) (the instantaneous element is not present here)

Usage notes

(verb-forming suffix) Variants:
-on is added to some back-vowel words

-an is added to back-vowel words

-en is added to front-vowel words

Conjugation

Conjugation of *-on*
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	-onok	-onsz	-on	-onunk	-ontok	-onnak
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	-ontam	-ontál	-ont	-ontunk	-ontatok	-ontak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -onni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	-onék	-onál	-ona	-onánk	-onátok	-onának
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -on vala, -ont vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	-onandok	-onandasz	-onand	-onandunk	-onandotok	-onandanak
		def.	―
		2nd obj

conditional		present	indef.	-onnék	-onnál	-onna	-onnánk	-onnátok	-onnának
	def.		―
	2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -ont volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	-onjak	-onj or -onjál	-onjon	-onjunk	-onjatok	-onjanak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -ont légyen

infinitive		-onni		-onnom	-onnod	-onnia	-onnunk	-onnotok	-onniuk
other forms	-onás		-onó	-ont	―	-onva (-onván)

Potential conjugation of *-on*
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	-onhatok	-onhatsz	-onhat	-onhatunk	-onhattok	-onhatnak
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	-onhattam	-onhattál	-onhatott	-onhattunk	-onhattatok	-onhattak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
archaic preterite		indef.	-onhaték	-onhatál	-onhata	-onhatánk	-onhatátok	-onhatának
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -onhat vala, -onhatott vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	-onhatandok or -onandhatok	-onhatandasz or -onandhatsz	-onhatand or -onandhat	-onhatandunk or -onandhatunk	-onhatandotok or -onandhattok	-onhatandanak or -onandhatnak
		def.	―
		2nd obj

conditional		present	indef.	-onhatnék	-onhatnál	-onhatna	-onhatnánk	-onhatnátok	-onhatnának
	def.		―
	2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -onhatott volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	-onhassak	-onhass or -onhassál	-onhasson	-onhassunk	-onhassatok	-onhassanak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -onhatott légyen

infinitive		(-onhatni)		(-onhatnom)	(-onhatnod)	(-onhatnia)	(-onhatnunk)	(-onhatnotok)	(-onhatniuk)
other forms	―			―		(-onhatva / -onhatván)

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -on

oson

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-on

(deadjectival adverb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to create an adverb.
‎vak (“blind”) + ‎-on → ‎vakon (“blindly”)

‎gazdag (“rich”) + ‎-on → ‎gazdagon (“abundantly, copiously”)

Usage notes

(adverb-forming suffix) Variants:
-n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

-an is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant

-on is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

-en is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant, as well as some front-vowel words ending in a vowel (see above).

Derived terms

Hungarian adverbs suffixed with -on

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-on

(chiefly dialectal or archaic, personal suffix) Forms the indefinite third-person singular suffix (currently only in the imperative mood as part of -jon, formerly also occurring in the indicative).
ad (“to give”) → adjon (“he/she/it should give”)

van (“to be”) → vagyon (“he/she/it is, there is”) (in the standard language: van)

Usage notes

(archaic personal suffix) Variants:
-n is added to certain irregular stems

-on is added to back-vowel words

-en is added to unrounded front-vowel words

-ön is added to rounded front-vowel words

Mohawk

Suffix

-on

forms perfective aspect, which require patient pronouns

References

Nora Deering; Helga H. Delisle (1976), Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 371-372

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

A new formation from words such as ion (“ion”), from Ancient Greek -ου (-ou), neuter of -ος (-os), from Proto-Indo-European *-os (creates nouns from verb stems).

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /uːn/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -uːn
Hyphenation: -on

Suffix

-on (definite singular neuter -onet, indefinite plural -on or -oner, definite plural -onene or -ona)

(physics, mathematics and biology) Used to form nouns denoting subatomic particles, quanta, molecular units, or substances; -on
proton, elektron, nøytron, boson, gluon ― proton, electron, neutron, boson, gluon
(chemistry, biology, genetics) Used to form nouns denoting certain organic compounds; -one, -on
aceton, testosteron, kodon ― acetone, testosterone, codone

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /ɔn/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɔn
Hyphenation: -on
Homophones: onn, ånd

Suffix

-on (definite singular neuter -onet or definite singular masculine -onen, indefinite plural -on or -oner, definite plural -onene or -ona)

(chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting chemical substances and industrial products; -on
radon, orlon, rayon ― radon, orlon, rayon

References

“-on” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Old English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

-an, -un

Suffix

-on

Marks the plural preterite indicative of strong verbs.
‎drīfan (“to drive”) + ‎-on → ‎drifon (“we/you/they drove”)

Usage notes

As this suffix is added only to strong verbs, it is always accompanied by ablaut when it appears on a verb.

Related terms

-edon, -odon

Etymology 2

Suffix

-on

(rare) alternative form of -en (suffix forming past participles)

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

-oian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-ōną.

Suffix

-ōn

(verbal suffix) used to form the infinitive of class 2 weak verbs (an alternative ending -oian is sometimes found instead of -ōn)
makōn "to make"

hatōn "to hate"

Conjugation

Conjugation of -on (weak class 2)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	-on
1st person singular	-on	-oda
2nd person singular	-os	-odes
3rd person singular	-od	-oda
plural	-iod	-odun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	-o	-odi
2nd person singular	-os	-odis
3rd person singular	-o	-odi
plural	-ion	-odin
imperative	present
singular	-o
plural	-iod
participle	present	past
	-ondi	-od

Descendants

Middle Low German: -en
- Low German: -en

Polish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɔn/
Rhymes: -ɔn
Syllabification: -on
Homophone: on

Suffix

-on m inan or m pers

forms masculine nouns
‎kuć + ‎-on → ‎kujon

Declension

Inanimate declension:

Declension of -on

	singular	plural
nominative	-on	-ony
genitive	-onu/-ona	-onów
dative	-onowi	-onom
accusative	-on	-ony
instrumental	-onem	-onami
locative	-onie	-onach
vocative	-onie	-ony

Animate declension:

Declension of -on

	singular	plural
nominative	-on	-oni/-ony (deprecative)
genitive	-ona	-onów
dative	-onowi	-onom
accusative	-ona	-onów
instrumental	-onem	-onami
locative	-onie	-onach
vocative	-onie	-oni

Derived terms

Potawatomi

Etymology

Cognate to Ojibwe -oon. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /on/

Suffix

-on inan

plural of

Usage notes

Used with a noun ending in /k/

Spanish

Suffix

-on m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ones)

obsolete spelling of -ón

Swedish

Etymology

Most likely originally from smultron (“wild strawberry”) and nypon (“rosehip”) and then extended to other borrowed words with an original -a suffix. Probably originally a plural suffix cognate to Gothic -𐍉𐌽𐌰 (-ōna) in e.g. 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 (augōna, “eyes”), compare Swedish ögon.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˌɔn/

Suffix

-on n

Used in many names of berries and some fruits.

Derived terms

References

^ -on in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Anagrams

NO, no.

Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɔn/

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

-ion

Suffix

-on

Pluralisation suffix
Synonyms: -aid, -aint, -au, -ed, -edd, -en, -i, -iadau, -iaid, -iau, -ion, -od, -oedd, -ydd, -yr, -ys

‎meddyg (“doctor”) + ‎-on → ‎meddygon (“doctors”)

‎lleidr (“thief”) + ‎-on → ‎lladron (“lladron”)

‎athro (“(male) teacher”) + ‎-on → ‎athrawon (“athrawon”)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

-son

Suffix

-on

(colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person plural preterite
(colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person plural preterite

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

-ion

Suffix

-on

Noun suffix
‎aur (“gold”) + ‎-on → ‎euron (“laburnum”)

‎gŵr (“man”) + ‎-on → ‎gwron (“hero”)

‎hin (“weather”) + ‎-on → ‎hinon (“fair weather”)

Derived terms

Welsh terms suffixed with -on

[1] -on in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

[1]

case	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)¹	verbal prefix	category
nominative	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / ∅ az / ∅	–	–
accusative	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / ∅ azt / ∅	–	c₁ c₂
dative	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	category
instrumental	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		category
causal-final	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	category
translative	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	category
terminative	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	category
essive-formal	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	category
essive-modal	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	category
inessive	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	category
superessive	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	category
adessive	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	category
illative	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	category
sublative	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	category
allative	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	category
elative	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	category
delative	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	category
ablative	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	category

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 3

Suffix

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 4

Suffix

Derived terms

Anagrams

Cebuano

Alternative forms

Etymology

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Suffix

See also

References

Danish

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Dutch

Pronunciation

Suffix

Synonyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Finnish

Etymology

Suffix

Anagrams

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Suffix

Derived terms

French

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Descendants

Suffix

Etymology 2

Suffix

Derived terms

Gothic

Romanization

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Usage notes

See also

Etymology 2

Suffix

Usage notes

Conjugation

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 4

Suffix

Usage notes

See also

Further reading