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être

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: etre and étre

Bourbonnais-Berrichon

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Etymology

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From Old French estre, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Verb

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être

  1. to be

Conjugation

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French

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle French and Old French estre and ester, respectively from Early Medieval Latin essere (< esse "be") and Latin stāre (stand). Conjugations reflect both but more so the former. The form suis "(I) am" appears to reflect Vulgar Latin *suiō < Latin sum. Compare ai "(I) have", sais "(I) know" < *aiō, *saiō < habeō, sapiō.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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Wikidata has a Lexeme related to:

être

  1. (copulative) to be
    Vous devez être plus clairs.
    You guys must be clearer.
    Les humains sont des animaux.
    Humans are animals.
    La femme est médecin.
    The woman is a doctor.
    Il est grand.
    He is tall.
  2. (intransitive) to be located; to be situated [with preposition ‘location’]
    Synonyms: se situer, se trouver
    Êtes-vous à Paris?
    Are you in Paris?
    Le magasin est en centre-ville.
    The shop is in the city-centre.
    Les ordinateurs sont dans le bureau.
    The computers are in the office.
  3. (impersonal) to denote time, day, or date
    Il est deux heures du matin.
    It is two o'clock in the morning.
    C'est / On est / Nous sommes lundi aujourd'hui.
    It is Monday today.
    C'est / On est / Nous sommes le 1er avril.
    It is April 1st.
  4. (auxiliary) used to form compound tenses and structures, such as the perfect and pluperfect
    1. certain intransitive verbs that indicate movement or a change of state (see the full list)
      Elle est née hier.
      She was born yesterday.
      Après être allé au yoga, je suis rentré chez moi.
      After having gone to yoga, I came back home.
    2. all reflexive verbs
      Ils se sont brossé les dents.
      They brushed their teeth.
      Nous nous sommes disputés parce que nous n'avons pas pu décider quoi manger.
      We argued because we couldn't decide what to eat.
    3. the passive voice
      Il peut être battu ce soir.
      He can be beaten this evening.
      Le jouet a été acheté par la fille.
      The toy was bought by the girl.

Usage notes

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  • Past participles used with être generally agree in the gender and number of the subject, unlike avoir.
    In reflexive verbs, past participle agreement depends on the position of the direct object. When the direct object follows the verb, no agreement is made.
    Ils se sont brossé les dents. not *Ils se sont brossés les dents.They brushed their teeth.
  • The continuous aspect is sometimes incorrectly calqued from English, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese into French. French does not have a continuous tense.
    *Je suis mangeant du pain.I am eating bread.
Standard French uses être with en train de (+ infinitive) to clarify actions that are ongoing.
Je suis en train de manger.I am (in the process of) eating.
However, the present tense (Je mange) is normally used and usually sufficient to express ongoing actions.

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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See also

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Noun

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être m (plural êtres)

  1. being, thing, creature
  2. (uncountable) being, the state or fact of existence

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Lorrain

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Etymology

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From Old French estre, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Verb

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être

  1. to be

Conjugation

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Norman

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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être (Jersey)

  1. alternative form of ête (to be)