prefinancing

Public debt, including prefinancing debt, domestic arrears, and public enterprise debt, increased from 48.6 per cent of GDP in 2011 to 80.8 per cent in 2016, reflecting public infrastructure investments financed by both domestic and external borrowing.

"The business model that we have set up with governments is based on prefinancing. We start from a simple observation that African states cannot always finance a $100mn project in one go," says Thione Niang.

The latter could include modification of payment terms, awarding additional business volume, buying of the supplier's relationship-specific assets (e.g., tools), prefinancing input purchases, and knowledge transfer (e.g., through in-house consulting departments).

The Minister pointed out that prefinancing measures have been taken for loans maturing in 2015.

This would provide prefinancing over time for an effective private backstop arrangement in combination with ex-post levies, when needed.

In spite of Chinese public support that allowed prefinancing, the construction project was far from exemplary.

It aims to limit risk by prefinancing most of a project's budget through broadcasters, without necessarily producing a pilot.

Swiss Post, through its subsidiary PostFinance, has established a new company, Debtors Service Ltd, which will offer Swiss enterprises a new product that includes accounts receivables management, Prefinancing and payment guarantee.

What development banks and organizations like Swiss Re have begun saying is that insurance is essentially a prefinancing mechanism.

They may also receive prefinancing where requested and benefit from longer-term, more direct trading relationships.