saxitoxin

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Related to saxitoxin: domoic acid, Paralytic shellfish poisoning

sax·i·tox·in

(săk′sĭ-tŏk′sĭn)

A potent neurotoxin produced by certain dinoflagellates that accumulates in shellfish feeding on these organisms and consequently causes food poisoning in humans who eat the shellfish.

[New Latin Saxi(domus gigantēus), butter clam (in which the toxin was first recognized) (from Latin saxum, stone; see saxifrage) + toxin.]

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

saxitoxin

(ˌsæksɪˈtɒksɪn)

a poisonous alkaloid (C10H17N7O4) produced by dinoflagellates of the genus Gonyaulax that build up in molluscs and cause food poisoning in humans

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

sax•i•tox•in

(ˌsæk sɪˈtɒk sɪn)

n.

a neurotoxin produced by the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax catenella, the causative agent of red tide.

[1960–65; < New Latin Saxi(domus), a clam genus infected by the dinoflagellates (Latin sax(um) stone + -i- -i- + domus house) + toxin]

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Noun

saxitoxin - a powerful neurotoxin produced by certain dinoflagellates found in red tides; it can accumulate in mollusks that feed on the dinoflagellates and cause food poisoning to humans

neurolysin, neurotoxin - any toxin that affects neural tissues

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Detections included microcystin (eight of eight investigations), anatoxin-a (three of four), saxitoxin (two of five), and cylindrospermopsin (two of five).

Algal bloom-associated disease outbreaks among users of freshwater lakes-- United States, 2009-2010

During an NIH-funded study, the researchers used specially designed fat-based particles called liposomes to package saxitoxin, a potent anesthetic, and produced long-lasting local anesthesia in rats.

Anaesthesia jab promises prolonged pain relief without toxicity

Two potent neurotoxins, tetrodotoxin in riparian stream environments and saxitoxin in coastal ocean environments, are introduced into communities by limited sources as a means of chemical defense.

Biological Bulletin virtual symposium: the neuroecology of chemical defense

We propose characterizing this food poisoning syndrome as saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning (SPFP) to distinguish it from PFP, which is traditionally associated with tetrodotoxin, and from PSP caused by STXs in shellfish.

Saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning in the United States, with the first report of Pyrodinium bahamense as the putative toxin source

Lyngbya wollei is a filamentous, mat-forming cyanobacterium that has been shown to produce saxitoxin, a paralytic shellfish poison.

Competition between the cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei and green algae: effects of secondary metabolites and herbivory

Certified reference materials (CRM) used were decarbamoyl saxitoxin (dcSTX), neosaxitoxin (NEO), saxitoxin di-hydrochloride (STX), gonyautoxins 1-5 (GTX1-5), A'-sulfocarbamoyl-gonyautoxins 2 and 3 (C1&2), decarbamoylneosaxitoxin (dcNEO), and decarbamoyl gonyautoxins 2 and 3 (dcGTX2&3).

Use of a liquid chromatographic method for assessment of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin profiles in mussels and clams from Uruguay

The toxicity level in the bay reached 74 microgram saxitoxin per 100 grams of shellfish meat, or higher than the regulatory limit of 60.

Shellfish ban hurting Capiz, Bohol food tourism

However, saxitoxin levels were reported to have been higher in shellfish in the region during spring 2011 than in previous years (Kate Sullivan, University of Alaska Southeast, personal communication, 2011), indicating that the increase in the number of cases might not have been a surveillance artifact.

Paralytic shellfish poisoning--Southeast Alaska, May-June 2011

There are three kinds of neurotoxins: anatoxin a (ANTX-a), anatoxin a(S) (ANTX-s) and saxitoxin (SXT).

Cianobacterial bloom and animal mass mortality in a reservoir from Central Argentina/Florescimento de cianobacterias e mortalidade em massa de animais em um reservatorio da Argentina Central

Here, the guanidine alkaloids tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX) are used to illustrate recent research findings that coalesce neurobiological and ecological paradigms.

Neuroecology, chemical defense, and the keystone species concept

Harmful algal blooms that release biotoxins, such as saxitoxin and domoic acid, have led to several recent beach closures for shellfish harvesting [Commission on Asian Pacific American Affairs (CAPAA) 2004; Washington Department of Health (WADOH) 2004].

Framing scientific analyses for risk management of environmental hazards by communities: case studies with seafood safety issues

Shellfish toxicity level in the bay reached 74 microgram saxitoxin (AugSTXeg)/100 grams of shellfish meat, which was beyond the regulatory limit of 60, according to the advisory.