Searlesite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Searlesite
John W. Searles
Formula:
Na(H2BSi2O7)
Colour:
White, light brown
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
2.44 - 2.46
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named after John Wemple Searles (November 16, 1828, Tribes Hill, New York, USA - October 7, 1897, St. Helena, California, USA), California pioneer and discoverer of Searles Lake, USA.
The structure of Searlesite contains sheets, consisting of kinked pyroxene-like polysilicate chains that are linked by (H2BO4) tetrahedra, classifying it as a phyllo-borosilicate. The silicate chains contain two crystallographically distinct Si sites, and the net formula of the anion is (H2BSi2O7)n with (H2BSi2O7) as repeating unit (Ghose and Wan, 1976). Note that we are using a sum formula for the anion. It may also be written as (BSiO5(OH)2), indicating that the two protons are bonded to oxygen atoms.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3600
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3600:5
IMA Classification of Searlesite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
NaBSi2O5(OH)2
First published:
1914
Type description reference:
Classification of Searlesite
9.EF.15
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
F : Single nets with 6-membered rings, connected by M[4], M[8], etc.
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
F : Single nets with 6-membered rings, connected by M[4], M[8], etc.
71.3.5.4
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
3 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 clays
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
3 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 clays
17.5.3
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Sle | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Searlesite
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
Vitreous, slightly pearly on cleavage surfaces
Colour:
White, light brown
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {100}, imperfect on {102}, {010}
Perfect on {100}, imperfect on {102}, {010}
Density:
2.44 - 2.46 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.46 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Searlesite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.516 nβ = 1.531 nγ = 1.535
2V:
Measured: 55°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.019
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 ”m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 ”m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none
Chemistry of Searlesite
Mindat Formula:
Na(H2BSi2O7)
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Al,Fe,Mg,H2O
Crystallography of Searlesite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2 - Sphenoidal
Space Group:
P21
Setting:
P21
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.9814(12) Å, b = 7.0657(8) Å, c = 4.9054(4) Å
β = 93.95(1)°
β = 93.95(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.13 : 1 : 0.694
Unit Cell V:
275.98 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Flat crystals, to 17 cm, occur along bedding planes. Commonly as spherulitic aggregates of radiating acicular to prismatic crystals; as massive granular aggregates.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000498 | Searlesite | Ghose S, Wan C (1976) Structural chemistry of borosilicates, part II: Searlesite, NaBSi2O5(OH): Absolute configuration, hydrogen locations, and refinement of the structure American Mineralogist 61 123-129 |  | 1976 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 8.01 Ă | (100) |
| 4.06 Ă | (50) |
| 3.48 Ă | (40) |
| 3.24 Ă | (40) |
| 4.31 Ă | (30) |
| 3.54 Ă | (30) |
| 3.21 Ă | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 25 : Evaporites (prebiotic) | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
Geological Setting:
Commonly interbedded with oil shales or marls (Green River Formation, USA); in boron-bearing evaporite deposits (California, USA); rarely in vugs in phonolite (Point of Rocks,New Mexico, USA).
Type Occurrence of Searlesite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Nearly white spherulites about a millimeter in diameter, composed of fairly well-formed, radiating fibers. Massive.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 81274; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, R6457, 93270, 94734, 96080, 124352.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Boron bearing playa deposits.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Searlesite
Dutch:Searlesiet
German:Searlesit
Russian:ĐĄĐžŃлДзОŃ
Simplified Chinese:æ°ŽçĄ
çĄŒé çł
Spanish:Searlesita
Traditional Chinese:æ°ŽçœçĄŒéçł
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 6 photos of Searlesite associated with Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 6 photos of Searlesite associated with Loughlinite | Na2Mg3Si6O16 · 8H2O |
| 6 photos of Searlesite associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 5 photos of Searlesite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 4 photos of Searlesite associated with Clinoptilolite-Na | Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| 2 photos of Searlesite associated with Tincalconite | Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O |
| 2 photos of Searlesite associated with Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| 1 photo of Searlesite associated with Stillwellite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Ca)BSiO5 |
| 1 photo of Searlesite associated with Reedmergnerite | NaBSi3O8 |
| 1 photo of Searlesite associated with 'Basalt' |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.EF.05 | Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| 9.EF.10 | Sanbornite | BaSi2O5 |
| 9.EF.20 | Silinaite | NaLiSi2O5 · 2H2O |
| 9.EF.25 | Kanemite | HNaSi2O5 · 3H2O |
| 9.EF.30 | Yakovenchukite-(Y) | K3NaCaY2[Si12O30] · 4H2O |
Fluorescence of Searlesite
may fluoresce green under SW UV.
Other Information
Electrical:
Piezoelectric
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Searlesite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3600.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Searlesite
Reference List:
Rogers, A.F. (1924). The crystallography of searlesite. American Journal of Science: 5(42): 498-502.
Foshag, William F. (1934) Searlesite from Esmeralda County, Nevada. American Mineralogist, 19 (6) 268-274
Fahey, Joseph J., Axelrod, Joseph M. (1950) Searlesite from the Green River Formation of Wyoming, with X-ray notes. American Mineralogist, 35 (11-12) 1014-1020
Ghose, Subrata, Wan, Che'ng (1976) Structural chemistry of borosilicates, Part II. Searlesite, NaBSi2O5(OH): Absolute configuration, hydrogen locations, and refinement of the structure. American Mineralogist, 61 (1-2) 123-129 [NOTE: The title of the paper gives a wrong formula, in which a sub-script is missing]
Localities for Searlesite
Showing 46 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... +4 other references |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Bermanec et al. (1987) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| Horváth et al. (1990) |
China | |
| Zhang et al. (2019, December) |
Egypt | |
| Marchesini et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| [World of Stones 95:5-6 |
Serbia | |
| Stanley et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Econ Geol (1992) |
Tajikistan | |
| www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999) |
Tanzania | |
| Hay (1970) |
Turkey | |
| Helvaci et al. (2004) |
| Helvaci (1998) +1 other reference | |
| GarcĂa-Veigas et al. (2013) |
| Koçak et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
USA | |
| - (2005) |
| McAllister (1970) +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Rock Currier collection |
| U.S. Borax | |
| Smith et al. (1958) +2 other references | |
| Richard Dale Collection +3 other references | |
| Am Min 49:543-555 |
| Hay (1966) +2 other references |
| âŠSedimentology: 2: 324 +4 other references |
| Larsen (1914) +5 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| USGS | |
| Tank (1972) +2 other references | |
| AmMin 19:268 |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| - (2005) |
| American Mineralogist 19:268-274 +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Hay (1964) +5 other references |
| Rocks & Min.:60:229. +1 other reference |
| Matthews (1992) |
| Milton et al. (1955) +1 other reference |
| Smith et al. (1972) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| gsa.confex.com (n.d.) | |
| Milton et al. (1960) | |
| Milton et al. (1955) +1 other reference |
| Mrose et al. (1961) |
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Coaldale Mining District, Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA