Hydroxylapatite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Hydroxylapatite, etc.

Sapo Mine, Ferruginha, Conselheiro Pena, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Hydroxylapatite

Goiás, Brazil

Hydroxylapatite

Linópolis, Divino das Laranjeiras, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Hydroxylapatite, etc.

Sapo Mine, Ferruginha, Conselheiro Pena, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Hydroxylapatite

Goiás, Brazil

Hydroxylapatite

Linópolis, Divino das Laranjeiras, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Hydroxylapatite, etc.

Sapo Mine, Ferruginha, Conselheiro Pena, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Hydroxylapatite

Goiás, Brazil

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About HydroxylapatiteHide

Formula:

Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)

Colour:

White, grey, yellow, green, violet, purple, red or brown

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy, Earthy

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

3.10 - 3.21

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Member of:

Apatite Group > Apatite Supergroup

Name:

Named hydro-apatite in 1856 by Augustin Alexis Damour from the ἀπατάω (apatao), to deceive, as apatite was often confused with other minerals (e.g., beryl, milarite), plus the "hydro-" prefix for the water-rich (as hydroxyl) nature of the mineral. Waldemar Schaller changed the name slightly to hydroxyl-apatite in 1912, and the one-word, hydroxylapatit, was introduced by Burri, Jakob, Parker, and Hugo Strunz in 1935. Additional names applied to this mineral include pyroclasite, ornithite, monite, etc. Much "carbonate-apatite" is hydroxylapatite, including some dahllite, collophane, etc.

Apatite Group. The hydroxyl analogue of fluorapatite (much more common) and chlorapatite (rare). The phosphate analogue of johnbaumite.

Hydroxylapatite is a very important biomineral: Carbonate-bearing calcium-deficient hydroxylapatite is the main mineral of which dental enamel and dentin are composed. Up to 50% by volume and 70% by weight of human bone is a modified form of hydroxylapatite, known as bone mineral (Wikipedia).

According to Chadefaux et al. (1999), some blue bones may comprise an apatite-group species with pentavalent manganese, confirmed to be present as MnO₄^3- (manganate(V)) anion substituting for the PO₄^3- one.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1992

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1992:3

Similar NamesHide

Hydroxylapatite-M

A discredited species name

Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH

IMA Classification of HydroxylapatiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH

Classification of HydroxylapatiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

8.BN.05

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H₂O
N : With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 0.33:1

Dana 8th ed.:

41.8.1.3

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : A₅(XO₄)₃Z_q

Hey's CIM Ref.:

19.4.2

19 : Phosphates
4 : Phosphates of Ca

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Hap	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Hap	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of HydroxylapatiteHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of HydroxylapatiteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy, Earthy

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent, Opaque

Colour:

White, grey, yellow, green, violet, purple, red or brown

Comment:

Ideally white; other colors usually due to staining

Streak:

White

Hardness:

5 on Mohs scale

Hardness Data:

Measured

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Poor/Indistinct
Poor on {0001) and on {1010}

Fracture:

Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal, Fibrous

Density:

3.10 - 3.21 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.16 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Comment:

Density may be lower when earthy in texture.

Optical Data of HydroxylapatiteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (-)

RI values:

n_ω = 1.651 n_ε = 1.644

Birefringence:

0.007

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.007
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Thickness: 30 µm

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Optical Extinction:

Parallel

Pleochroism:

Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of HydroxylapatiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	41.407 %
Ca	39.894 %
P	18.499 %
H	0.201 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Ca, H, O, P - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of HydroxylapatiteHide

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Class (H-M):

6/m - Dipyramidal

Space Group:

P6₃/m

Setting:

P6₃/m

Cell Parameters:

a = 9.41 Å, c = 6.88 Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 0.731

Unit Cell V:

527.59 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals short to long hexagonal prisms [0001], with {1010} and {1011} dominant; also thick tabular {0001}, frequently in the crystals of hydrothermal origin in pegmatites and veins, with {1010}, relatively large {0001}, and often also {1011} or low pyramids. Very sharp crystals are uncommon and terminations are frequently rounded. Massive, coarse granular to compact.

Twinning:

Rare contact twins on {1121}. Twin plane {10_13} rare. Also twinning reported on {1010} and {11_23}.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0004927	Hydroxylapatite	Lee Y J, Stephens P W, Tang Y, Li W, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Reeder R J (2009) Arsenate substitution in hydroxylapatite: Structural characterization of the Ca5(PxAs1-xO4)3OH solid solution American Mineralogist 94 666-675	2009	synthetic	293
0004926	Hydroxylapatite	Lee Y J, Stephens P W, Tang Y, Li W, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Reeder R J (2009) Arsenate substitution in hydroxylapatite: Structural characterization of the Ca5(PxAs1-xO4)3OH solid solution American Mineralogist 94 666-675	2009	synthetic	293
0004925	Hydroxylapatite	Lee Y J, Stephens P W, Tang Y, Li W, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Reeder R J (2009) Arsenate substitution in hydroxylapatite: Structural characterization of the Ca5(PxAs1-xO4)3OH solid solution American Mineralogist 94 666-675	2009	synthetic	293
0004924	Hydroxylapatite	Lee Y J, Stephens P W, Tang Y, Li W, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Reeder R J (2009) Arsenate substitution in hydroxylapatite: Structural characterization of the Ca5(PxAs1-xO4)3OH solid solution American Mineralogist 94 666-675	2009	synthetic	293
0001257	Hydroxylapatite	Hughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1989) Structural variations in natural F, OH, and Cl apatites American Mineralogist 74 870-876	1989	Holly Springs, Georgia, USA	293
0009356	Hydroxylapatite	Sudarsanan K, Young R A (1969) Significant precision in crystal structural details: Holly Springs hydroxyapatite Acta Crystallographica B25 1534-1543	1969	Holly Springs, Cherokee County, Georgia, USA	293
0009355	Hydroxylapatite	Sudarsanan K, Young R A (1969) Significant precision in crystal structural details: Holly Springs hydroxyapatite Acta Crystallographica B25 1534-1543	1969	Holly Springs, Cherokee County, Georgia, USA	293
0009354	Hydroxylapatite	Sudarsanan K, Young R A (1969) Significant precision in crystal structural details: Holly Springs hydroxyapatite Acta Crystallographica B25 1534-1543	1969	Holly Springs, Cherokee County, Georgia, USA	293
0009353	Hydroxylapatite	Sudarsanan K, Young R A (1969) Significant precision in crystal structural details: Holly Springs hydroxyapatite Acta Crystallographica B25 1534-1543	1969	Holly Springs, Cherokee County, Georgia, USA	293
0003641	Hydroxylapatite	Fleet M E, Liu X, King P L (2004) Accommodation of the carbonate ion in apatite: An FTIR and X-ray structure study of crystals synthesized at 2-4 GPa American Mineralogist 89 1422-1432	2004		293
0003640	Hydroxylapatite	Fleet M E, Liu X, King P L (2004) Accommodation of the carbonate ion in apatite: An FTIR and X-ray structure study of crystals synthesized at 2-4 GPa American Mineralogist 89 1422-1432	2004		293
0002296	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002295	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002294	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002293	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002292	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002291	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002290	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002289	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002288	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002287	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002286	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002285	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002284	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002283	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002282	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0002281	Hydroxylapatite	Wilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-1414	1999		293
0001375	Hydroxylapatite	Hughes J M, Cameron M, Mariano A N (1991) Rare-earth-element ordering and structural variations in natural rare-earth-bearing apatites sample B from the Oka carbonatite American Mineralogist 76 1165-1173	1991		293
0018108	Hydroxylapatite	Hendricks S, Jefferson M, Mosley V (1932) The Crystal Structures of Some Natural and Synthetic Apatite-Like Substances _cod_database_code 1011242 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 81 352-369	1932		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Hydroxylapatite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Lee Y J'
'Stephens P W'
'Tang Y'
'Li W'
'Phillips B L'
'Parise J B'
'Reeder R J'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 94 
_journal_year 2009
_journal_page_first 666
_journal_page_last 675
_publ_section_title
;
 Arsenate substitution in hydroxylapatite: Structural characterization of the
 Ca5(PxAs1-xO4)3OH solid solution
 Sample: As43
;
_database_code_amcsd 0004927
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ca5 (As1.298 P1.702) O13 H'
_cell_length_a 9.5640
_cell_length_b 9.5640
_cell_length_c 6.9360
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 549.438
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.381
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 63/m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-x+y,-x,1/2-z'
  'x-y,x,1/2+z'
  'y,-x+y,-z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  'x,y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,1/2+z'
  'x-y,x,-z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  '-y,x-y,1/2-z'
  'y,-x+y,1/2+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Ca1   0.33333   0.66667   0.00332   1.00000   0.01308
Ca2   0.24560   0.99521   0.25000   1.00000   0.01308
As   0.39666   0.36810   0.25000   0.43250   0.01308
P   0.39666   0.36810   0.25000   0.56750   0.01308
O1   0.31891   0.48632   0.25000   1.00000   0.01308
O2   0.59069   0.46372   0.25000   1.00000   0.01308
O3   0.34097   0.25623   0.06362   1.00000   0.01308
O-H4   0.00000   0.00000   0.69290   0.50000   0.01308

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.814 Å	(100)
2.778 Å	(60)
2.720 Å	(60)
3.44 Å	(40)
1.841 Å	(40)
1.943 Å	(30)
2.631 Å	(25)

Comments:

synthetic (ICDD 9-432)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration	4.566-4.550
6 : Secondary asteroid phases	4.566-4.560
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
34 : Complex granite pegmatites
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)
Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere	<4.0
44 : Anoxic microbially mediated minerals (see also #44)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44)	<0.54
52 : Guano- and urine-derived minerals	<0.4

Geological Setting:

Abundant in sedimentary phosphate beds. Occasionally found in Talc-schist; in diallage-serpentine rock. May be be found in late-stage phosphate mineralization in granite pegmatites,

Synonyms of HydroxylapatiteHide

Apatite-(CaOH)

Fluor-hydroxylapatite

Hydro-apatite

Hydroxyapatite

Monite

Other Language Names for HydroxylapatiteHide

Dutch:Hydroxylapatiet

German:Hydroxylapatit
Hydroxyapatit

Norwegian:Hydroksylapatitt

Russian:Гидроксилапатит
Апатит-(CaOH)

Simplified Chinese:羟磷灰石

Spanish:Hidroxiapatita
Hidroxilapatito

Varieties of HydroxylapatiteHide

Alkali-oxyapatite	Na-bearing variety of Hydroxyapatite.
Carbonate-fluorhydroxyapatite	Carbonate- and F-bearing variety. F/OH ratio probably undetermined.
Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite	Apatite Group . A hydroxylapatite with carbonate group (CO₃) substituting for some of the phosphate (PO₄) group. Originally reported from Ødegården Mine (Ødegaarden Mine), Ødegården field, Bamble, Telemark, Norway. An important biomaterial: bone ...
Manganese-bearing Apatite-(CaOH)	A variety of Hydroxylapatite containing Mn2+ substituting for Ca up to at least Mn:Ca = 1:7.7.
Ornithite	'Dahllite' pseudomorphs after brushite. From guano.
Pyroclasite (of Shepard)	A dark brown laminated concretionary hydroxylapatite.

Relationship of Hydroxylapatite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Apatite Group > Apatite Supergroup

Other Members of Apatite Group:

Alforsite	Ba₅(PO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
'Apatite'	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
Chlorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
Fluoralforsite	Ba₅(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6/m
Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
Fluorpyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
Hydroxylpyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃(OH)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mcm
Johnbaumite	Ca₅(AsO₄)₃(OH)	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
Mimetite	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
'Oxypyromorphite'	Pb₁₀(PO₄)₆O
Pieczkaite	Mn₅(PO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
Pliniusite	Ca₅(VO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
Pyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
Stronadelphite	Sr₅(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
Svabite	Ca₅(AsO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Turneaureite	Ca₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
'Unnamed (OH-analogue of Mimetite)'	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃(OH)	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
Vanadinite	Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m

Forms a series with:

Hydroxylellestadite

Hydroxylapatite-Hydroxylellestadite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

80 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
70 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
52 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
38 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with 'Phosphorite'
38 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
34 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with 'Apatite'	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
26 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C²⁺₄C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
24 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with Tarbuttite	Zn₂(PO₄)(OH)
24 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
21 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

8.BN.	Fluoralforsite	Ba₅(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6/m
8.BN.	Aradite	BaCa₆[(SiO₄)(VO₄)](VO₄)₂F	Trig. 3m : R3m
8.BN.	Magganasite	CuFe³⁺₃O(AsO₄)₃	Tric. 1 : P1
8.BN.	Fluorpyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.	Fluorsigaiite	Ca₂Sr₃(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Pieczkaite	Mn₅(PO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Fluorcaphite	SrCaCa₃(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Vanadinite	Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Hedyphane	Ca₂Pb₃(AsO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
8.BN.05	Hydroxylhedyphane	Ca₂Pb₃(AsO₄)₃(OH)	Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05	'Mimetite-M'	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
8.BN.05	Johnbaumite	Ca₅(AsO₄)₃(OH)	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Pliniusite	Ca₅(VO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	'Hydroxylapatite-M'	Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
8.BN.05	Hydroxylpyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃(OH)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mcm
8.BN.05	Miyahisaite	(Sr,Ca)₂Ba₃(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Carlgieseckeite-(Nd)	NaNdCa₃(PO₄)₃F	Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05	Belovite-(Ce)	NaCeSr₃(PO₄)₃F	Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05	Kuannersuite-(Ce)	NaCeBa₃(PO₄)₃F_0.5Cl_0.5	Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05	Alforsite	Ba₅(PO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	'Unnamed (OH-analogue of Mimetite)'	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃(OH)	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Stronadelphite	Sr₅(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Parafiniukite	Ca₂Mn₃(PO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Mimetite	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05 va	'Germanate-pyromorphite'	Pb₅(PO₄)₂GeO₄
8.BN.05	Belovite-(La)	NaLaSr₃(PO₄)₃F	Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05	Fluorphosphohedyphane	Ca₂Pb₃(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Fluorstrophite	SrCaSr₃(PO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	'Johnbaumite-M'	Ca₅(AsO₄)₃OH	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
8.BN.05	Phosphohedyphane	Ca₂Pb₃(PO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Turneaureite	Ca₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Morelandite	Ca₂Ba₃(AsO₄)₃Cl	Hex.
8.BN.05	'Oxypyromorphite'	Pb₁₀(PO₄)₆O
8.BN.05	Deloneite	(Na_0.5REE_0.25Ca_0.25)(Ca_0.75REE_0.25)Sr_1.5(CaNa_0.25REE_0.25)(PO₄)₃F_0.5(OH)_0.5	Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05	Chlorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Pyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
8.BN.05	Vanackerite	Pb₄Cd(AsO₄)₃Cl	Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05	Svabite	Ca₅(AsO₄)₃F	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
8.BN.10	Arctite	Na₂Ca₄(PO₄)₃F	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
8.BN.10	Krügerite	BaCa₆(SiO₄)₂[(P_0.5S_0.5)O₄]₂F	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
8.BN.15	Goryainovite	Ca₂(PO₄)Cl	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm

Fluorescence of HydroxylapatiteHide

In UV light:

Not usually fluorescent.

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Soluble in HCl or in HNO3. Varieties containing CO3 may dissolve with slight effervescence.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Industrial Uses:

Ore of phosphorus.

Internet Links for HydroxylapatiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-1992.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for HydroxylapatiteHide

Reference List:

Shepard, C.U. (1856) Five new mineral species. American Journal of Science: s2(21-22): 96-99. (as Pyroclasite)

Shepard, C.U. (1882) On two new minerals, monetite and monite, with a notice of pyroclasite. American Journal of Science: 23(137): 400-405. (as Monite)

Schaller (1912) USGS Bull. 509: 89 (as Hydroxyapatite).

Bianchi (1919) Atti soc. ital. soc. Nat.: 458: 306.

Burri, Jakob, Parker, and Strunz (1935) Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Frauenfeld: 15: 327 (as Hydroxylapatit).

Gruner and McConnell (1937) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 97: 208.

McConnell, Duncan., Groner, John W. (1940) The problem of the carbonate-apatites. III. Carbonate-apatite from Magnet Cove,. American Mineralogist, 25 (3) 157-167

Mitchell, Lane, Faust, G. T., Hendricks, S. B., Reynolds, and D. S. (1943) The mineralogy and genesis of hydroxylapatite. American Mineralogist, 28 (6) 356-371

Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.pp.879-889

Levinskas, George J., Neuman, William F. (1955) The Solubility of Bone Mineral. I. Solubility Studies of Synthetic Hydroxylapatite. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 59 (2). 164-168 doi:10.1021/j150524a017

Posner, A. S., Perloff, A., Diorio, A. F. (1958) Refinement of the hydroxyapatite structure. Acta Crystallographica, 11 (4) 308-309 doi:10.1107/s0365110x58000815

Hayek, E.; Petter, H. (1960) Mischkristallbildung der Hydroxylapatite von Calcium und Strontium. Monatshefte für Chemie, 91. 356-358 doi:10.1007/bf00901756

Mer, Victor K. La (1962) THE SOLUBILITY BEHAVIOR OF HYDROXYLAPATITE. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 66 (6). 973-978 doi:10.1021/j100812a003

KAY, M. I., YOUNG, R. A., POSNER, A. S. (1964) Crystal Structure of Hydroxyapatite. Nature, 204 (4963). 1050-1052 doi:10.1038/2041050a0

Simpson, D. R. (1965) Carbonate in Hydroxylapatite. Science, 147 (3657). 501-502 doi:10.1126/science.147.3657.501

Simpson, Dale R. (1968) Substitutions in apatite: I. Potassium-bearing apatite. American Mineralogist, 53 (3-4) 432-444 (synthetic material)

Mengeot, M., Bartram, R.H., and Gilliam, O.R. (1975) Paramagnetic hole-like defect in irradiated calcium hydroxyapatite single crystals. Phys. Rev.: B11: 4110-4124.

American Mineralogist (1989): 74: 87.

Ishikawa, Tatsuo, Wakamura, Masato, Kondo, Seiichi (1989) Surface characterization of calcium hydroxylapatite by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Langmuir, 5. 140-144 doi:10.1021/la00085a025

Hughes, John M., Cameron, Maryellen, Crowley, Kevin D. (1989) Structural variations in natural F, OH, and Cl apatites. American Mineralogist, 74 (7-8) 870-876

Orlovskii, V. P.; Ezhova, Zh. A.; Rodicheva, G. V.; Sukhanova, G. E.; Plesskaya, N. A. (1990): Structure conversion of hydroxyapatite at 100-1600°C. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii 35(5), 1337-1339 (in Russian).

Elliott, J. C. (1994): Structure and chemistry of the apatites and other calcium orthophosphates. Elservier, Amsterdam, 389 pp.

Narasaraju, T. S. B., Phebe, D. E. (1996) Some physico-chemical aspects of hydroxylapatite. Journal of Materials Science, 31. 1-21 doi:10.1007/bf00355120

Fleet, Michael E., Liu, Xiaoyang, Pan, Yuanming (2000) Site Preference of Rare Earth Elements in Hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2]. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 149. 391-398 doi:10.1006/jssc.1999.8563

(2005) Hydroxylapatite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Chadefaux, C., Vignaud, C., Chalmin, E., Robles-Camacho, J., Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Johnson, E., Reiche, I. (2009) Color origin and heat evidence of paleontological bones: Case study of blue and gray bones from San Josecito Cave, Mexico. American Mineralogist, 94 (1) 27-33 doi:10.2138/am.2009.2860

Lee, Y. J., Stephens, P. W., Tang, Y., Li, W., Phillips, B. L., Parise, J. B., Reeder, R. J. (2009) Arsenate substitution in hydroxylapatite: Structural characterization of the Ca₅(P_xAs_1-xO₄)₃OH solid solution. American Mineralogist, 94 (5) 666-675 doi:10.2138/am.2009.3120

Agougui, Hassen; Turki, Thouraya; Bachouâ, Hassen; Aissa, Abdallah; Debbabi, Mongi (2012): Synthesis, characterization and structural refinement of mixed hydroxyapatites Ca(10-x)Mx(PO4)6(OH)2 (M = Co, Ni or Zn). Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux: 37: 149-169.

Pasteris, J. D., Yoder, C. H., Sternlieb, M. P., Liu, S. (2012) Effect of carbonate incorporation on the hydroxyl content of hydroxylapatite. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (7) 2741-2759 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.7.08

Hovis, G. L., McCubbin, F. M., Nekvasil, H., Ustunisik, G., Woerner, W. R., Lindsley, D. H. (2014) A novel technique for fluorapatite synthesis and the thermodynamic mixing behavior of F-OH apatite crystalline solutions. American Mineralogist, 99 (5) 890-897 doi:10.2138/am.2014.4750

Pasteris, J. D., Yoder, C. H., Wopenka, B. (2014) Molecular water in nominally unhydrated carbonated hydroxylapatite: The key to a better understanding of bone mineral. American Mineralogist, 99 (1) 16-27 doi:10.2138/am.2014.4627

Ulian, Gianfranco, Moro, Daniele, Valdrè, Giovanni (2016) First-principles study of structural and surface properties of (001) and (010) surfaces of hydroxylapatite and carbonated hydroxylapatite. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 49 (6). 1893-1903 doi:10.1107/s160057671601390x

Tran, Linh K., Stepien, Kathleen R., Bollmeyer, Melissa M., Yoder, Claude H. (2017) Substitution of sulfate in apatite. American Mineralogist, 102 (10) 1971-1976 doi:10.2138/am-2017-6088

Chen, Weikun, Wang, Quanzhi, Meng, Shiting, Yang, Ping, Jiang, Liu, Zou, Xiang, Li, Zhen, Hu, Shuijin (2017) Temperature-related changes of Ca and P release in synthesized hydroxylapatite, geological fluorapatite, and bone bioapatite. Chemical Geology, 451. 183-188 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.01.014

Bulina, Natalia V., Makarova, Svetlana V., Baev, Sergey G., Matvienko, Alexander A., Gerasimov, Konstantin B., Logutenko, Olga A., Bystrov, Vladimir S. (2021) A Study of Thermal Stability of Hydroxyapatite. Minerals, 11 (12) 1310 doi:10.3390/min11121310

Ulian, Gianfranco, Moro, Daniele, Valdrè, Giovanni (2021) Thermodynamic, elastic, and vibrational (IR/Raman) behavior of mixed type-AB carbonated hydroxylapatite by density functional theory. American Mineralogist, 106 (12) 1928-1939 doi:10.2138/am-2021-7826

Fau, Amaury, Beyssac, Olivier, Gauthier, Michel, Panczer, Gérard, Gasnault, Olivier, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Bernard, Sylvain, Maurice, Sylvestre, Forni, Olivier, Boulliard, Jean-Claude, Bosc, Françoise, Drouet, Christophe (2022) Time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopy of synthetic REE-doped hydroxylapatites and natural apatites. American Mineralogist, 107 (7) 1341-1352 doi:10.2138/am-2022-8006

Zhukova, Irina A., Stepanov, Aleksandr S., Korsakov, Andrey V., Jiang, Shao‐Yong (2022) Application of Raman spectroscopy for the identification of phosphate minerals from REE supergene deposit. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 53 (3) 485-496 doi:10.1002/jrs.6213

Karalkeviciene, Rasa, Raudonyte-Svirbutaviciene, Eva, Gaidukevic, Justina, Zarkov, Aleksej, Kareiva, Aivaras (2022) Solvothermal Synthesis of Calcium-Deficient Hydroxyapatite via Hydrolysis of α-Tricalcium Phosphate in Different Aqueous-Organic Media. Crystals, 12 (2) 253pp. doi:10.3390/cryst12020253

Karalkeviciene, Rasa, Raudonyte-Svirbutaviciene, Eva, Zarkov, Aleksej, Yang, Jen-Chang, Popov, Anatoli I., Kareiva, Aivaras (2023) Solvothermal Synthesis of Calcium Hydroxyapatite via Hydrolysis of Alpha-Tricalcium Phosphate in the Presence of Different Organic Additives. Crystals, 13 (2) 265 doi:10.3390/cryst13020265

Janakiraman, Keerthana, Swamiappan, Sasikumar (2024) Synthesis of hydroxyapatite via sol–gel combustion route: A comparative analysis of single and mixed fuels. Materials Letters, 357. 135731 doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2023.135731

Solovyov, Leonid A.; Shor, Aleksey (2026) Density-functional-theory-based scattering factors of Ca, P, O and H in hydroxyapatite for accurate structure refinement. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 59 (1). 80-84 doi:10.1107/s1600576725011124

Localities for HydroxylapatiteHide

Showing 660 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Anguilla
ⓘ Sombrero Island (Hat Island)	Frondel (1943)

Antarctica
West Antarctica ⓘ Antarctic Peninsula	Barczuk A. & Tatur A. 2003: BIOGENIC ...
South Shetland Islands King George Island ⓘ Llano Point	Tatjir et al. (1984)
ⓘ Low Head	Tatur et al. (1985)

Argentina
ⓘ Buenos Aires Province	Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collection
Villa Gesell Villa Gesell ⓘ Querandí lighthouse	Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collection
Mendoza Province Las Heras Department Capdevilla District ⓘ Puesto la Peña alkaline complex	Pagano et al. (2016) +2 other references
Malargüe Department Malargüe District ⓘ El Abrigo de el Manzano cave	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Benedetto et al. (1998)
San Luis Province Chacabuco Department Sierra de la Estanzuela ⓘ La Viquita pegmatite	Galliski et al. (2012)
ⓘ San Elías mine	Galliski et al. (2012)
Coronel Pringles Department El Trapiche La Florida ⓘ San Luis Mine	OYARZABAL et al. (H2O)
Totoral pegmatitic field ⓘ Ranquel Pegmatite	OYARZABAL et al. (H2O) +1 other reference
ⓘ Tucumán Province	Linares +1 other reference
Trancas Department Trancas ⓘ El Brete	Linares

Australia
Australian Capital Territory Paddy's River District ⓘ Cotter Caves	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] McQueen et al. (1988)
ⓘ Christmas Island	[var: Carbonate-fluorhydroxyapatite, var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Trueman (1966)
ⓘ Smiths Cave	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Frisia et al. (2012)
New South Wales Brisbane Co. Merriwa ⓘ Krui Valley quarry	England (2002)
Kennedy Co. Goonumbla Northparkes Mine Project ⓘ Endeavour 26	Crane et al. (2001)
Lincoln Co. Dunedoo ⓘ Unnamed quarry	Holmes (1977)
Westmoreland County ⓘ Jenolan Caves	Podgson RE
Queensland Cloncurry Shire Cloncurry ⓘ Great Australia Mine	Crane et al. (2001)
Selwyn District Phosphate Hill ⓘ Phosphate Hill Mine
South Australia Barossa Council Penrice ⓘ Moculta Phosphate Quarry	Francis et al. (2012)
District Council of Mount Barker ⓘ Brukunga Quarry	Graham (1978)
Light Regional Council Koonunga ⓘ Tom's Quarry ?	Frost et al. (2004)
Pastoral Unincorporated Area Martins Well (Martins Well Station) ⓘ Reaphook Hill	Analysed by Peter Elliott
Olympic Dam ⓘ Olympic Dam Mine	Lottermoser B. G. (1995)
Robertstown ⓘ Fairview Quarry	Francis et al. (2012)
Tasmania Bass Strait ⓘ Reid Rocks	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] www.crocoite.com (2003)
Central Highlands municipality Liawenee ⓘ Liawenee canal	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Dorset municipality Tomahawk ⓘ Tomahawk river phonolite dyke	Everard et al. (2004)
West Tamar municipality Beaconsfield district ⓘ Andersons Creek	R Botttrill
Victoria Bass Coast Shire Phillip Island Kitty Miller Bay ⓘ Kennon Head
Mornington Peninsula Shire Flinders area ⓘ West Head
Western Australia Dundas Shire Cocklebiddy Roadhouse ⓘ Murra-El-Elevyn Cave	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] P.J. Bridge +3 other references
East Pilbara Shire Rudall River District ⓘ Nifty Cu Mine	Downes et al. (2002)
Meekatharra Shire Milgun Station ⓘ Mount Deverell variscite deposit	Mineralogical Magazine 39 (1974) +1 other reference

Austria
Burgenland Neusiedl am See District Illmitz ⓘ Albersee	A.Csaplovics (2014)
ⓘ Südlicher Stinkersee	A.Csaplovics (2014)
Sankt Andrä am Zicksee ⓘ Zicksee	A.Csaplovics (2014)
Oberwart District Badersdorf ⓘ Holler quarry	Götzinger et al. (2009)
Carinthia Wolfsberg District Frantschach-Sankt Gertraud Brandrücken ⓘ Spodumene prospect	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] W. Postl et al. (1990)
Lower Austria Bruck an der Leitha District Hainburg an der Donau Pfaffenberg hill ⓘ Hollitzer quarry	Niedermayr et al. (1974)
Horn District Brunn an der Wild Dietmannsdorf an der Wild ⓘ Serpentinite quarries	Kolitsch (2019)
Krems-Land District Albrechtsberg an der Großen Krems ⓘ Klein-Heinrichschlag	Kolitsch (2022)
Melk District Pöchlarn ⓘ Lasselsberger quarry ?	Knobloch et al. (2021)
Sankt Pölten-Land District Karlstetten Rosenthal ⓘ Marchart quarry	Kolitsch et al. (2023)
Salzburg St. Johann im Pongau District Bad Hofgastein ⓘ Schloss Alp ?	Kolitsch et al. (2019)
Styria Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District Krieglach Freßnitzgraben Alpl ⓘ Höllkogel
ⓘ Freßnitzkogel
Murau District Stadl-Predlitz ⓘ Kaltwasser	Bojar (2019)
Vorarlberg ⓘ Bregenz District	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Exel (1993)

Bahamas
San Salvador District San Salvador Island ⓘ San Salvador caves	Onac B.P. et al. (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ Lighthouse cave	Onac B.P. et al. (2001)

Belgium
Flanders Antwerp Antwerp ⓘ Wilmarsdonk	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Hatert et al. (2002)

Bolivia
Potosí Tomás Frías Province Yocalla Municipality Cerro Huañaquina ⓘ David Mosiah claim	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Alfredo Petrov (1997)
ⓘ San Calixto prospect ?	www.mindat.org (n.d.)
Santa Cruz Velasco Province ⓘ Cerro Manomo	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Woolley (1987)

Brazil
Minas Gerais Conselheiro Pena Barra do Cuieté ⓘ Cigana claim	Baijot et al. (2014)
Ferruginha ⓘ Sapo Mine	fabreminerals +1 other reference
Divino das Laranjeiras Linópolis ⓘ Jaime Pacheco claim ?	Edson Ferreira dos Santos collection
ⓘ Osvaldo Perin pegmatite	Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-2865 (Id: based on dealer label + visual])
Ouro Preto ⓘ Tripuí
Tapira ⓘ Tapira Complex	Orris et al. (2002)
Pernambuco São Pedro e São Paulo archipelago ⓘ São Paulo island	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Washington (1929)
Rio Grande do Sul Lavras do Sul ⓘ Três Estradas carbonatite	Aguila Resources
São Paulo Cajati ⓘ Mesquita Sampaio deposit	Oliveira et al. (2020)

Bulgaria
Sofia Province Chelopech Municipality ⓘ Sharlo dere deposit	Kalchev et al. (2026)

Canada
British Columbia Golden Mining Division Ice River Alkaline Complex ⓘ Moose Creek Valley pegmatite	Piilonen et al. (2025)
Greenwood Mining Division Grand Forks ⓘ Marble quarry (Kettle River Rock quarry)	Richard Gunter Collection.
Omineca Mining Division Francois Lake ⓘ Francois Lake phosphate occurrence	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] www.connectionsmagazine.bc.ca (2002)
Northwest Territories ⓘ Lac de Gras	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Chakhmouradian et al. (2002)
Mackenzie Mountains Tungsten (Cantung) ⓘ Little Nahanni Pegmatite Group	Groat et al. (2003)
Nova Scotia Annapolis Co. ⓘ East Dalhousie	Chatterjee et al. (1982)
Ontario Haliburton County Highlands East Township Cardiff Township ⓘ Clark Mine (Ball Mine; Topspar Mine)	C. Emproto
ⓘ Highway 648 Ironside roadcut	C. Emproto
Hastings County Faraday Township ⓘ Faraday Hill Roadcut	C. Emproto
Kenora District Victor mine ⓘ Victor North pipe	van Straaten et al. (2008)
Québec Estrie Les Sources RCM Val-des-Sources ⓘ Jeffrey Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Normand (2001)
Nord-du-Québec Nunavik ⓘ Misery Lake alkaline complex	Petrella (2013)
Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean Le Fjord-du-Saguenay RCM ⓘ Bégin-Lamarche Fe-Ti-P deposit	Banerjee et al. (2026)
Yukon Dawson mining district ⓘ Big Fish River	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data of ...
Rapid Creek Stoneman Camp ⓘ Grizzly Bear Creek	Yang et al. (2022)
Watson Lake mining district True Blue property (Shark property) ⓘ Guano Ridge (Guano prospect)	D. Turner and L.A. Groat (2010) +1 other reference

Chile
Antofagasta El Loa Province Calama Chuquicamata District ⓘ Chuquicamata Mine	Bandy (1938)
Atacama Copiapó Province Tierra Amarilla Pabellón Chinchado-Sacramento mining district ⓘ Cobriza mine ("Corbriza mine")	Yang et al. (2018)
Tarapacá Iquique Province Iquique Chanabaya ⓘ Pabellón de Pica	SEM-EDS by Joy Desor
Santa Rosa-Huantajaya mining district (Huantajaya mining district) ⓘ Santa Rosa Mine	SEM-EDS and XRD by Joy Desor and ...

China
Fujian Nanping Yanping District Nanping pegmatite field ⓘ Pegmatite No. 31	Can Rao et al. (2009) +2 other references
Guangxi ⓘ Guilin	Xunyi Wang (1982)
Guizhou Liupanshui Pan County ⓘ Jiadi Au deposit	Min et al. (2023)
Hebei Xingtai Xingtai Co. ⓘ Jicun Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Zhengmin Cao and Weijiong Zhu (1993)
Heilongjiang Yichun Tieli City ⓘ Tieli nephrite deposit	Xu et al. (2022)
Shaanxi Hanzhong Hantai District ⓘ Tiantaishan P-Mn deposit	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Hein et al. (1999)
Sichuan Garzê Autonomous Prefecture (Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture) Yajiang County Kangding pegmatite field Jiajika Mine ⓘ No. 134 Pegmatite	Wang et al. (2021)
Liangshan Yi Mianning County ⓘ Baozi Hill	Ge et al. (2017)

Cuba
Holguín Province ⓘ Sima del Jubo	Urbani (Federación Espeleológica de América Latina y el Caribe-FEALC-)

Curaçao
ⓘ Santa Barbara Tafelberg quarry	Färber (n.d.) +1 other reference

Czech Republic
Hradec Králové Region Trutnov District Radvanice ⓘ Kateřina Coal Mine	Jirásek (2001)
Karlovy Vary Region Cheb District Lázně Kynžvart ⓘ Bílý Kámen pegmatite quarry	Černý et al. (Weisser Stein)
Ovesné Kladruby ⓘ Podhorní hill (Podhora)	Ulrych
Olomouc Region Jeseník District Javorník Horní Hoštice ⓘ Jelení hill	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Pauliš et al. (2004)
Plzeň Region Domažlice District Otov ⓘ Otov I pegmatite	Masau +2 other references
Tachov District Zadní Chodov ⓘ Zadní Chodov deposit (Hinterkotten deposit)	Havelcová et al. (2020)

DR Congo
South Kivu Mwenga Territory ⓘ Kobokobo pegmatite	Mills et al. (2010)

Egypt
New Valley Governorate ⓘ Abu-Tartour Mine (Abu-Tartur Mine)	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A

Estonia
Harju County Jõelähtme ⓘ Ülgase deposit	Estonian Academy Publisher (1997)
Ida-Viru County ⓘ Aseri deposits	Soesoo et al. (2023)
Lääne-Viru County ⓘ Kabala deposits	Estonian Academy Publisher (1997)
ⓘ Toolse deposits	Raukas et al. (1997)

Ethiopia
Somali Region Kunama ⓘ Goda Buticha Cave	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Tribolo et al. (2017)
Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region Lower Omo Valley ⓘ Shungura formation	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Rogers et al. (1979)

Europe
ⓘ Albera Massif	Berbain et al. (2012)
Bohemian Massif Moldanubian Zone (Moldanubicum; Moldanubian) ⓘ Gföhl unit	Zelinková et al. (2022)

Finland
Kanta-Häme Tammela ⓘ Hirvikallio	Ilkka Mikkola collection
Pirkanmaa Orivesi Eräjärvi area ⓘ Viitaniemi pegmatite	Ilkka Mikkola collection
Valkeakoski ⓘ Pyörönmaa pegmatite	Jyrki Autio collection. Pavel M. ...
South Ostrobothnia Kuortane ⓘ Kaatiala pegmatite	Ilkka Mikkola collection
Seinäjoki ⓘ Routakallio Quarry (Satamo Quarry)	Ilkka Mikkola collection

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Allier Vichy Échassières ⓘ Beauvoir quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français)
Montmins mining district Le Mazet ⓘ Le Mazet vein no. 1	Yannick Vessely collection
ⓘ Ste Barbe vein (Les Montmins)	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Aubert (1969)
Drôme Nyons Clansayes L'Eause ⓘ Lagarde farm	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Ref.: G. Demarcq
ⓘ Rozet valley	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] G. Demarcq
Haute-Loire Le Puy-en-Velay Espaly-Saint-Marcel ⓘ Riou des Brus alluvial deposits	collected Charles Nicolas
Savoie Albertville Aime-la-Plagne Villette ⓘ Nant d'Agot quarry	Bruno Ducluzaux Collection
Brittany Finistère Quimper Landrévarzec ⓘ Les Salles	Chauris (2014)
Centre-Val de Loire Loiret Montargis Gien ⓘ Loire river alluvial deposits	Périnet (n.d.)
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Corrèze Ussel Davignac ⓘ Le Boucheron	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Deliens et al. (2004)
Dordogne Sarlat-la-Canéda Cénac-et-Saint-Julien ⓘ Grotto XVI	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Karkanas et al. (2002)
Pyrénées-Atlantiques Bayonne Isturits ⓘ Isturitz-Oxocelhaya Caves	Prieto et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Occitanie Ariège Foix ⓘ Orgeix	Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...
Pyrénées-Orientales Céret Argelès-sur-Mer ⓘ Pegmatite field	Berbain et al. (2012)
Collioure ⓘ Pegmatite field	Berbain et al. (2012)
Perpignan Tautavel ⓘ Caune de l'Arago	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Quattropani et al. (1999)
Tarn-et-Garonne Montauban Orgueil ⓘ Orgueil meteorite	Gounelle et al. (2014)
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Alpes-de-Haute-Provence Castellane Saint-Benoît ⓘ Raganeous Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
Alpes-Maritimes Grasse Arrondissement Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne ⓘ Guano Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
Nice Arrondissement Malaussène ⓘ Mescla Cave	Audra et al. (2019)

Georgia
Abkhazia Gudauta District New Athos (Novyi Afon; Akhali Atoni) ⓘ New Athos Cave (Novoafonskaya Cave; Novyi Afon Cave)	Chervyatsova et al. (2024)

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Vogtsburg im Kaiserstuhl Schelingen ⓘ Ohrberg - Badberg area	Giebel et al. (2019)
Lörrach Fröhnd ⓘ Oberhepschingen	Gröbner (2017)
Malsburg-Marzell ⓘ Malsburg	70. +1 other reference
Bavaria Lower Franconia Aschaffenburg District Waldaschaff ⓘ Pauline Mine	Lorenz et al. (2007)
Upper Franconia Hof District Sparneck Reinersreuth ⓘ Reinersreuth quarry (Köhlerloh quarry) ?	Wittern (2001)
Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge Kirchenlamitz ⓘ Epprechtstein ?	Wittern (2001)
Weißenstadt Rudolfstein ⓘ Schoberth quarry	Wittern (2001)
Upper Palatinate Neustadt an der Waldnaab District Waidhaus ⓘ Silbergrube	Eddy Vervloet collection
Hesse Darmstadt Bergstraße Lautertal (Odenwald) Reichenbach Borstein ⓘ Point 3.0	Collection of Steffen Michalski
Hohenstein ⓘ Point 16.1	Lapis (10)
Wiesbaden Naurod Erbsenacker ⓘ Basalt quarries	www.mineralienatlas.de (2005)
Giessen Region Lahn-Dill-Kreis Lahnau Waldgirmes ⓘ Rotläufchen Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Weiß (1990)
Kassel Region Fulda Neuhof Giesel ⓘ Himmelsberg	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Neuhof-Ellers potash works	Krah et al. (1988)
Lower Saxony Goslar District Bad Harzburg Radau valley ⓘ Gabbro Quarry	Schnorrer (1993)
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Hochsauerlandkreis Arnsberg Hüsten ⓘ A46 Highway cut	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Weiß (1990)
Siegen-Wittgenstein Siegen Niederschelden ⓘ Alte Buntekuh Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference
Rhineland-Palatinate Ahrweiler Brohltal Brenk ⓘ Schellkopf	Blaß et al. (2015)
Altenkirchen Daaden-Herdorf Schutzbach ⓘ Grüneau Mine (Grüne Au Mine; Grünau Mine)	Schnorrer et al. (1997)
Mayen-Koblenz Mayen Seekante ⓘ Xenolith CS-020	Skrzyńska et al. (2023)
Mendig Mendig ⓘ In den Dellen quarries	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
Vordereifel Ettringen ⓘ Caspar quarry	Schäfer (2016)
ⓘ Xenolith CS-050	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
Neuwied Unkel Rheinbreitbach ⓘ Virneberg Mine	Weiß (1990)
Vulkaneifel Gerolstein Walsdorf ⓘ Goßberg	Hohn et al. (2015)
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Ehrenfriedersdorf ⓘ Greifensteine	Wittern (2001)
Schneeberg Neustädtel Wolfgangmaßen Wolfgangmaßen mines (Wolfgangmaaßen mines) ⓘ Pucher Shaft	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Massanek et al. (2005)
Schleswig-Holstein Pinneberg Barmstedt ⓘ Gravel pits (Heede; Lutzhorn)	Wittern (2001)
Thuringia Nordhausen District Ellrich Sülzhayn ⓘ Bergmannshoffnung mine	Gröbner et al. (2011)
Harztor Ilfeld ⓘ Manganese deposit ?	Gröbner et al. (2011)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Velatouri ⓘ Agios Nikolaos mines	Uwe Kolitsch (SEM-EDS analyses, to be published)
Central Macedonia Chalkidiki Aristotelis Kassandra mining district ⓘ Skouries	Economou-Eliopoulos et al. (2005)
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Rhodope Arriana ⓘ Neo Kallintiri	Kanellopoulos et al. (2024)
South Aegean Thira Santorini Island ⓘ Akrotiri	Sotiropoulou et al. (2010)
Thessaly Larissa Elassona ⓘ Sarantaporo-Elassona basin	Stamatakis et al. (2001)
ⓘ Larissa	Chrysovalantis Efstathiou

Greenland
Kujalleq ⓘ Ilímaussaq complex	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Petersen (2001)
ⓘ Kangerluarsuk Fjord	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Bøggild (1953)
Tunulliarfik Fjord ⓘ Nunarssuatsiaq	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Bøggild (1953)
Sermersooq Kangerlussuaq Fjord ⓘ Gardiner Complex	Petersen et al. (1985)

Hungary
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Edelény District Bódvarákó ⓘ Esztramos Hill	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Sándor et al. (1997)
Putnok District Aggtelek ⓘ Baradla Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
Veszprém County Ajka District Úrkút Csárda Hill ⓘ Úrkút Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Szakáll et al. (1996) +1 other reference

India
Andhra Pradesh Vizianagaram District ⓘ Koduru Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Rao +1 other reference

Indian Ocean
ⓘ Dirck Hartog Ridge	Maciąg et al. (2019)

Indonesia
Central Java Province Kebumen Regency Kebumen Karang Bolong Mountains ⓘ Gua Kemit	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Färber (n.d.)

Iran
West Azerbaijan Province Takab County ⓘ Zareh Shuran Mine	Asadi et al. (2000)

Israel
Haifa District Hadera Hof HaCarmel ⓘ Kebara Cave	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Weiner et al. (1993)

Italy
Abruzzo Chieti Province Taranta Peligna ⓘ Grotta del Bove (Bove Cave)	D'Angeli et al. (2018)
ⓘ Grotta del Cavallone (Cavallone Cave; Iorio's Daughter Cave)	D'Angeli et al. (2018)
Aosta Valley Courmayeur ⓘ Brenva Glacier	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Miage Glacier	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Petit Mont Blanc	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Triolet Glacier	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Montjovet ⓘ Montjovet intake channel ("Piazzale")	Cotta Ramusino et al. (1973) +1 other reference
Nus Saint-Barthélemy ⓘ Varenche Mine	Barresi et al. (2005)
Apulia Brindisi Province Fasano ⓘ Grave degli Appestati	Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
Metropolitan City of Bari Acquaviva delle Fonti ⓘ Curtomartino Cave	Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
Altamura ⓘ Grotta La Guangola (Grotta di Mezzoprete)	Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
Castellana Grotte ⓘ Grotte di Castellana	Balenzano et al. (1974)
Polignano a Mare ⓘ Grotta della Rondinella	Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
Taranto Province Martina Franca ⓘ Foggianuova Cave (Foggia Nuova Cave)	Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
ⓘ Grotta del Cuoco	Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
ⓘ Nove Casedde Cave	Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
ⓘ Pilano Cave	Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
Basilicata Potenza Province Rionero in Vulture ⓘ Monte Vulture	Stoppa et al. (1995)
Calabria Cosenza Province Sant'Agata di Esaro ⓘ Grotta della Monaca	Garavelli et al. (2012)
Campania Metropolitan City of Naples Sant'Anastasia ⓘ ~~Cupa dell'Olivella~~	Russo et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Salerno Pertosa ⓘ Pertosa-Auletta Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
Emilia-Romagna Metropolitan City of Bologna Vergato Riola Monte Cavalloro ⓘ Fosso Bandita (Rio Bandita)	Capellini (1877) +1 other reference
Friuli Venezia Giulia Gorizia Province Sagrado San Martino del Carso ⓘ Grotta Due Piani	Cancian (1984)
Lazio Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Campagnano di Roma ⓘ Bruciore Quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Cozzupoli et al. (1976) +1 other reference
ⓘ Ficoreto carbonatite	Stoppa et al. (2019)
Viterbo Province Onano ⓘ Montenero Quarry
Vetralla ⓘ Tre Croci	Pierini (2004)
Liguria Savona Province Urbe Vara ⓘ Ciapun	Antofilli et al. (1983)
Lombardy Lecco Province Colico Piona Peninsula ⓘ Malpensata pegmatitic dyke (Olgiasca-Malpensata; Croce Quarry; Secondi dyke)	Banti et al. (2011) +1 other reference
Sondrio Province Lanzada ⓘ Bagnada-Ponticelli Mine (ex-Bolognini Mine; ex-Unitalc Mine)	Bedognè et al. (1993)
Valfurva Zebrù Valley ⓘ Vedretta della Miniera (Cima della Miniera)	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Bedognè et al. (2006)
Piedmont Cuneo Province Valdieri Terme di Valdieri Valscura lakes area ⓘ Lago Valscura meteorite	Pratesi et al. (2003)
Metropolitan City of Turin Ala di Stura ⓘ Borne del Brous	Maletto et al. (2014)
ⓘ Fontana del Preive	40 (Part II) +3 other references
Balme ⓘ Colle del Paschiet (Colle Paschietto)	Repossi (1919) +4 other references
ⓘ Laghi Verdi	Maletto et al. (2014)
Traversella ⓘ Gias del Gallo	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Montaju	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Baceno ⓘ Devero Alp	Palache et al. (1951)
ⓘ Punta della Rossa (Rothorn)	Palache et al. (1951)
Beura-Cardezza ⓘ Beura quarries	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Craveggia Rio Vasca ⓘ Piano del Lavonchio (Piano dei Lavonchi)	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Crodo ⓘ Rio Alfenza	Sartori et al. (2012)
Druogno Orcesco ⓘ Alpe Rosso	Matteo Chineletto
Sardinia Metropolitan City of Cagliari Sarroch ⓘ Punta de Su Seinargiu (Su Seinargiu; Su Senargiu)	Orlandi et al. (2013) +1 other reference
South Sardinia Province Carbonia Barbusi ⓘ Sa Corona 'e sa Craba	Baldoni et al. (2013) +2 other references
ⓘ Furtei	Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)
ⓘ Furtei mine	Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)
Sicily Agrigento Province Montevago ⓘ Personaggi Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
Sambuca di Sicilia ⓘ Salnitro Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
San Giovanni Gemini ⓘ Acqua Fitusa Cave	Vattano et al. (2013)
Metropolitan City of Catania Biancavilla ⓘ Mt Calvario	Analized by Marco Ciriotti
Metropolitan City of Palermo Carini ⓘ Carburangeli Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
Syracuse Province Buscemi ⓘ Valle Guffari	Manuella (2011)
Melilli ⓘ Monello Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
ⓘ Palombara Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
Trapani Province Castellammare del Golfo ⓘ Abisso dei Cocci	Vattano M. et al. (2013) +1 other reference
ⓘ Grotta dell'Eremita (Grotta del Cavallo)	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Messana E. (1994)
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Trento Province Canal San Bovo Vanoi Valley Pralongo ⓘ Pralongo granite quarry (Pralongo Quarry; Grisotto Quarry)	Ferretti et al. (2015)
Predazzo ⓘ Al Fol quarry (Sacac quarry)	Vecchi et al. (2013)
Tuscany Livorno Province Campiglia Marittima Botro ai Marmi ⓘ Maffei Mine	Biagioni et al. (2013)
Collesalvetti ⓘ Focerella quarry	Bonifazi (2020) +1 other reference
Rosignano Marittimo ⓘ Castiglioncello	Marco Bonifazi Collection 2024
Metropolitan City of Florence Impruneta ⓘ Sassi Neri-Sodera area	Batacchi et al. (2015)
Umbria Perugia Province Sigillo Monte Cucco ⓘ Faggetto Tondo Cave	D'Angeli et al. (2018)
ⓘ Monte Cucco Cave ("La Grotta" Cave)	D'Angeli et al. (2018)
Terni Province ⓘ Polino	Stoppa et al. (1995)
Veneto Vicenza Province Montecchio Maggiore San Pietro ⓘ Monte Nero	"Minerali del Vicentino - La natrolite" ...
ⓘ Schio-Valdagno Tunnel (Zovo Tunnel)	Boscardin et al. (2011)
Valdagno Novale Rossati (Contrada Rossati di Sotto) ⓘ Fosse di Novale	Zaccaria et al. (2021)

Japan
Fukushima Prefecture Koriyama City ⓘ Tadano	Banno Y et al. (2014)
Okinawa Prefecture Shimajiri District Daito Islands ⓘ Kitadaito-jima	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] - (n.d.)

Jordan
Amman Governorate Transjordan Plateau Daba-Siwaqa complex ⓘ Daba	Pitty et al. (2010)
Irbid Governorate Maqarin area ⓘ Yarmouk river	Khoury et al. (1985)
Zarqa Governorate ⓘ Al-Tafeh area	Al-Slaty et al. (2025)

Kazakhstan
Abai Region Semey ⓘ Suzdal Mine	Nordgold
Ulytau Region Karazhal Zhayrem (Zhairem) ⓘ Ushkatyn No. 3 deposit (Ushkatyn-III deposit)	Vereshchagin et al. (2025)

Kenya
Homa Bay County ⓘ Homa Mountain complex	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A +5 other references
Kajiado County Mount Suswa (Suswa Volcano) ⓘ Cave No. 14A	Forti et al. (2003)

Latvia
Vidzeme Region Cēsis Municipality Liepa Parish ⓘ Lode Quarry	Dmitry Vorobjov's collection

Malta
Northern Region Mellieħa Marfa Ridge ⓘ Qammieh	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] John et al. (2003)

Mexico
Chihuahua Aldama Municipality ⓘ Las Choyas	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Cross (2006)
Durango Durango Municipality Cerro de los Remedios Victoria de Durango ⓘ Cerro de Mercado Mine ?	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite]
Mapimí Municipality Mapimí ⓘ Astillero Mine	Don Belsher collection photos on ...
Nuevo León General Zaragoza Municipality ⓘ San Josecito cave	Chadefaux et al. (2009)

Mongolia
Khovd Province Myangad District ⓘ Khaldzan Buragtag massif	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Tsakhirin Khuduk Y-Zr-Nb deposit	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
Ömnögovi Province Mandal-Ovoo District Shara Hulasa Hiid ⓘ Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex	Geological Society of America Abstracts ... +1 other reference

Morocco
Marrakesh-Safi Region Rehamna Province Sidi Bou Othmane Cercle Jebilet Mountain (Djebilet Mountain) Sidi Bou Othmane ⓘ Mrirat pegmatite	Favreau (2012)
Oriental Region Berkane Province Zegzel commune ⓘ Chameau Cave	Audra et al. (2021)

Namibia
Erongo Region ⓘ Erongo Mountains	von Bezing (2007)
Khomas Region Windhoek Rural Aris ⓘ Aris Quarries ?	... +1 other reference
Gamsberg area ⓘ Corona Farm 223	von Bezing (2007)
ⓘ Namibian Shelf	Baturin et al. (2003)
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	New Mineral Names. Mineral News et al. (January 2012)
Otjozondjupa Region Otavi Constituency Kombat ⓘ Kombat Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite]
ǁKaras Region Oranjemund Constituency Rosh Pinah ⓘ Skorpion Mine	Jordi Fabre photo ID 654901

Netherlands
Limburg Brunssum ⓘ Emma mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
Eijsden-Margraten ⓘ Gronsveld	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
Maastricht Pietersberg ⓘ ENCI quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
Stein Elsloo ⓘ Scharberg	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
Valkenburg aan de Geul Ravensbos forest ⓘ Boschhoef	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
Overijssel Dinkelland Nutter ⓘ Nutter quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
Ootmarsum ⓘ Kersberg	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
Kuiperberg ⓘ Scholten quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
ⓘ Rossum quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Nijland et al. (2007)
ⓘ Tubbergen	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland

New Zealand
Otago Region Queenstown-Lakes District Queenstown ⓘ Cowcliff Hill	Hutton (1956)
Southland Region Southland District Stewart Island ⓘ Tin Range	Lilley

North Macedonia
Čaška Municipality Nežilovo ⓘ Zincovelesite-6N6S type locality	Ermolaeva et al. (2019)
Lipkovo Municipality ⓘ Lojane	Đorđević et al. (2017)

North Sea


Norway
Akershus Lunner Grua mining district ⓘ Skjerpemyr Mine	Larsen et al. (2013)
Buskerud Modum Snarum ⓘ Oksøyekollen	Nordrum et al. (2010)
ⓘ Tingelstadtjern Quarry	Raade (1999)
Innlandet Sel Otta ⓘ Høgsætra Quarry	Nordrum et al. (2010)
Nordland Rana Altermark area ⓘ Altermark talc mine	Nordrum et al. (2010)
Telemark Bamble ⓘ Ødegården apatite mines	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] - (Science 155, 1977, 1409) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kragerø	Nordrum et al. (2010)
ⓘ Åtangen	Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)
ⓘ Mian	Uwe Kolitsch and Knut Edvard Larsen (visit to locality)
Valberg ⓘ Valberg Quarry	Nordrum (2008)
Trøndelag Steinkjer Sparbu ⓘ Slipsteinsberget	Mortenson (1973) +1 other reference

Pacific Ocean
East Pacific Rise Juan de Fuca Ridge complex ⓘ North Cleft Segment	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Friesen et al. (1995)

Papua New Guinea
New Ireland Province Lihir Island area ⓘ TUBAF seamount	Renno et al. (2004)

Philippines
Visayas Western Visayas Region Palawan Province Palawan Island Quezon ⓘ Tabon Caves	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Choa et al. (2014)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Dzierżoniów County Piława Górna DSS Piława Górna Quarry ⓘ Julianna pegmatite	Pieczka et al. (2015) +2 other references
Świdnica County Gmina Świdnica ⓘ Lutomia Górna	Włodek et al. (2015)
Michałkowa pegmatites ⓘ Góry Sowie Block	Pieczka et al. (2015)
Ząbkowice Śląskie County Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie Szklary ⓘ Mt. Szklana Mine (Szklary pegmatite)	Pieczka (2007) +1 other reference
Silesian Voivodeship Katowice Wełnowiec-Józefowiec ⓘ "Alpy" dump	Pierwoła

Portugal
Castelo Branco Idanha-a-Nova União das Freguesias de Zebreira e Segura ⓘ Segura Mines (Segura mining field)	Neiva et al. (2000) +1 other reference
Guarda Gouveia Folgosinho ⓘ Sítio do Castelo Mine	Alves et al. (2012)
Vila Real Alijó São Mamede de Ribatua ⓘ Alijó spodumene pegmatite	Garate-Olave et al. (2024)

Romania
Bihor County Nucet Băiţa mining district ⓘ Izvorul Crişului Negru cave	Onac et al. (2002)
ⓘ Pereßii Corlatului cave	Onac et al. (2002)
Bistrița-Năsăud County ⓘ Iza cave	Tamas et al. (2003) +1 other reference
ⓘ Tăușoare Cave (Tausore Cave)	al României (2003)
Caraş-Severin County Locva Mountains (Locvei Mountains) ⓘ Gaura cu Musca Cave	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Onac et al. (2007)
Constanța County ⓘ Gura Dobrogei Cave	Dumitras D et al. (2004)
Gorj County Polovragi ⓘ Polovragi cave	Marincea et al. (2006)
Hunedoara County Balșa ⓘ Zidită Cave	Giurgiu et al. (2013)
Boșorod ⓘ Cioclovina cave	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Dumitras et al. (2000) +1 other reference
Domogled - Cernei Valley National Park ⓘ Limestone caves	Onac (2009)
ⓘ Aburi Cave	B. Onac et al (2009, July)
ⓘ Adam Shaft	B. Onac et al (2009, July)
Maramureș County Șomcuta Mare ⓘ Buteasa (Butacza; Butyasza; Bucsonfalva)	Neacșu Antonela (2007)
Târgu Lăpuș ⓘ Răzoare	HÎRTOPANU et al. (2025)
Mehedinti County Balta ⓘ Peştera Mare de la Balta	Dumitraş et al. (2006)
Dubova ⓘ Bats’ Cave (Pestera Liliecilor; Gura Ponicovei Cave; Ponicova Cave)	Marincea et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Sălaj County Ileanda Răstoci ⓘ Măgurici Cave	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Onac et al. (2003)
ⓘ Letca	Tudor Tămaș (2010)
Sibiu County Lotru-Cibin Mountains ⓘ Contu-Negovanu Pegmatite Field	CĂLIN et al. (2019) +1 other reference

Russia
Altai Krai ⓘ Denisova Cave	Sokol et al. (2022)
Buryatia Severo-Baykalsky District Dovyren Highlands ⓘ Yoko-Dovyrensky Massif	Galuskin (2007)
Chelyabinsk Oblast Chebarkulsky District ⓘ Ushtaganka quarry	...
ⓘ Zauralovo quarry	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Ilmen Mountains ⓘ Mine no. 243	Makagonov et al. (2023)
Karabash Karabash ophiolite massif Soimon Valley ⓘ Zolotaya Gora Au deposit	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Murzin et al. (2013)
Kaslinsky District ⓘ Boevskoe Be deposit (Boevka; Severnoye)	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] N.A. Grigoriev et al. (2)
Miass ⓘ Pit No. 418	Sorokina et al. (2019)
Plastovsky District Svetlyi ⓘ Baturovsk quarry	Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data
Vishnevye Mountains ⓘ Karavai Mt	webmineral.ru (2016)
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Anadyrsky District ⓘ Kupol deposit	Savva et al. (2012)
Chaunskii District (Chaun) ⓘ Maiskoe Au deposit	Bortnikov et al. (2004)
ⓘ Promezhutochnoc deposit	Volkov et al. (2011)
Okhotsk-Chukotka belt ⓘ Pepenveem deposit	Глухов et al. (2021)
Irkutsk Oblast Narin-Kunta ⓘ Birkhin gabbro massif (Ozernovskii)	Lazic et al. (2011)
Khabarovsk Krai Ayano-Maysky district ⓘ Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif	Lennikov et al. (2004)
Imeni Poliny Osipenko District ⓘ Albazino deposit	AA et al. (2021)
Krasnoyarsk Krai Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit ⓘ Oktyabrsky Mine	Barkov et al. (2021)
Moscow Oblast Voskresensky District ⓘ Egorievsk Phosphorite Deposit	Kalinina et al. (2023)
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Afrikanda complex	Chakhmouradian et al. (2002)
Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex) ⓘ Kievey deposit	Sushchenko et al. (2023)
ⓘ Koashva Mt	PEKOV et al. (2013)
Kolsky District ⓘ Tepsi ultrabasic body
Kovdorsky District ⓘ Kovdor Massif	Liferovich et al. (1998) +5 other references
ⓘ Kovdor Zheleznyi Mine	Mikhailova et al. (2015)
ⓘ Kukisvumchorr Mt	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Pekov et al. (2004)
ⓘ Kirovskii apatite mine	Cámara et al. (2013) +1 other reference
ⓘ Lovozero Massif	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] ...
ⓘ Mt. Kuetnyuchorr	Mokrushina et al. (2023)
Northern Karelia ⓘ Sallanlatvi Massif	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Zaitsev et al. (2004)
Pechengsky District Pechenga Ni-Cu ore field ⓘ Bragino ore occurrence	Kompanchenko et al. (2019)
Republic of Karelia Medvezhyegorsky District Zaonezhie peninsula ⓘ Kondoberezhskaya Deposit	Svetova et al. (2024)
Pitkyarantsky District Pitkyaranta mining district Salmi ⓘ Basalt outcrops	Svetova et al. (2022)
ⓘ Sakha	[World of Stones 12:49]
Abyysky District ⓘ Kuranakh ore field	Trunilina et al. (2021)
Anabar River basin ⓘ Billyakh River Placer	Gerasimov (2023)
Oymyakonsky District ⓘ Khangalas Au deposit	Fridovsky et al. (2018)
Polar Yakutia ⓘ Tomtor Massif	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Yakutsk ⓘ Mammoth locality	Shen et al. (2021)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Serovsky District Turya river Tur'insk ⓘ Vorontsovskoe deposit (Vorontsovsk gold deposit; Vorontsovka deposit)	Kasatkin et al. (2018) +1 other reference
Yekaterinburg Shabry village ⓘ Shabry Quarry (Shabrovsk Quarry)	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Tuva ⓘ Belaya Zima REE-Nb deposit	Sharygin et al. (2017)
Zabaykalsky Krai Shelopuginsky District ⓘ Shakhtama deposit	Yurgenson et al. (2023)
Tungokochensky District Vershino-Darasunskiy ⓘ Teremki Au deposit	Prokof'ev et al. (2004)

Rwanda
Eastern Province Rwamagana District ⓘ Musha-Ntunga	Acke et al. (2025)

Saudi Arabia
Mecca Region ⓘ Hibashi Cave	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Saudi Geological Survey Open-File ... +1 other reference

Seychelles
ⓘ Africain Islands (African Banks)	Gorshkov et al. (2000)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Brezno District Brezno ⓘ Koleso	Ozdín D. (Dissertation thesis)
Revúca District ⓘ Muránska Dlhá Lúka	Bačík +10 other references
Košice Region Rožňava District Hrušov ⓘ Hrušovská Cave	Cílek V.
Kečovo ⓘ Domica Cave	Kettner (1948) +2 other references
Ochtiná ⓘ Ochtinská aragonite cave	Cílek V.
Prešov Region Prešov District Vyšná Šebastová ⓘ Maglovec quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Povondra et al. (2007)

South Africa

Limpopo Waterberg District Municipality Mogalakwena Local Municipality Mokopane ⓘ Turfspruit farm	Hutchinson et al. (2005)
Northern Cape ⓘ Gamagara Ridge	Mineralogical Magazine (1997)
Western Cape West Coast District Municipality Cederberg Local Municipality ⓘ Diepkloof Rock Shelter	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Miller et al. (2013)
ⓘ Elands Bay Cave	Miller et al. (2016)

Spain
Andalusia Almería Carboneras ⓘ Palai-Islica deposit	Carrillo-Rosúa et al. (2021)
Córdoba Belalcázar ⓘ Alcantarilla mine	Rewitzer et al. (2016) +1 other reference
Huelva Beas ⓘ Masa Valverde Mine (Valverde Mine)	Ruiz et al. (2002)
Jaén Pozo Alcón ⓘ El Negral quarry	José Miguel Sola. Multiple methods
Balearic Islands ⓘ Majorca	B. Onac et al (2009)
Inca ⓘ Rates Pinyades cave (Son Frare cave)	Onac et al. (2005)
Llucmajor ⓘ Cova del Pas de Vallgornera	Merino et al. (2019)
ⓘ Guitarreta Cave (Cova de sa Guitarreta)	Onac et al. (2005)
Manacor ⓘ Cova des Pirata (Coves des Pirata)	Onac et al. (2005)
Santanyí ⓘ Cova des Drac de Cala Santanyí	Onac et al. (2005)
Castile-La Mancha Ciudad Real Bolaños de Calatrava ⓘ Herrerías Volcano (Las Herrerías quarry)	Calvo et al. (2013)
ⓘ Campo de Calatrava volcanic field	Calvo et al. (2013)
Ciudad Real ⓘ El Arzollar volcano	Calvo et al. (2013)
Catalonia Barcelona Baix Llobregat Gavà Bruguers ⓘ Elvira Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Christoph Boutry and Rui Nunes specimens
Barcelonès Barcelona city Collserola mountain range ⓘ Santa Creu d'Olorda	Moro et al. (2000)
ⓘ Sot de les Mines	Calvo Rebollar (2015)
Vallès Occidental Montcada i Reixac ⓘ Montcada Hill Quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Rosell et al. (2006)
Lleida Bellver de Cerdanya ⓘ Vilella stream	Rosell (2014)
Extremadura Cáceres Logrosán ⓘ Mina Costanaza	...
Galicia Pontevedra Campo Lameiro ⓘ Panceiros pegmatite	Roza Llera +3 other references
Valencian Community Alicante Aspe ⓘ Basilica of Our Lady of Succour	Benavente +2 other references

Sri Lanka
North Central Province Anuradhapura District ⓘ Eppawala deposit (Eppawala carbonatite complex)	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Chandrakumara et al. (2021)

Sweden
Norrbotten County Kiruna Kiruna Town Mining District ⓘ Kiirunavaara Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Flink (Sthlm 1924, in Swedish)
Värmland County Torsby ⓘ Hålsjöberg	Grensman (1989)
Västerbotten County Skellefteå ⓘ Varuträsk	[var: Manganese-bearing Apatite-(CaOH)] Wickman (1954)
Västernorrland County Sundsvall Alnö Complex Ås ⓘ Ås Brygga	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Eckermann (1948)

Switzerland
Grisons Maloja Region Sils im Engadin/Segl ⓘ Fedoz Valley	Monistier (2009)
Ticino Locarno ⓘ Brissago	Vignola et al. (2008)
Centovalli ⓘ Gridone - Monte Limidario area	Weiβ et al. (2007)
Vallemaggia Lavizzara Sambuco Valley Narèt area ⓘ Lake Scuro	Stalder et al. (1998)
Uri Urseren Hospental Chämleten (Kemmleten) ⓘ Serpentinite quarry	Stalder et al. (1998)
St Annabach ⓘ Gigenstafel	Parker et al. (1973)
Valais Sierre Anniviers Grimentz Moiry Valley ⓘ Pointe du Tsaté	Ansermet (2012)
Zinal ⓘ Milon Pass	Ansermet (2012)

Thailand
Chiang Mai Province ⓘ Cave of the Monk	Lenoble et al. (2006, September)
Lamphun Province ⓘ Khoa Rang Kai deposit	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Van Kauwenbergh et al. (1988)

Turkey
ⓘ Adıyaman Province	Celebi et al. (2010)
Bingöl Province Genç District ⓘ Avnik	Econ Geol (1984)
Çanakkale Province Ayvacık District ⓘ Kucukkuyu prospect	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Yigit (2012)
Erzurum Province Aşkale District Kop Daglari ⓘ Kop Krom mine	Dietrich (1978) +1 other reference

Uganda
Western Region Kabarole ⓘ Fort Portal	Barker et al. (1989)

UK
England Cornwall Roche ⓘ North Goonbarrow China Clay Pit	Day (1999)
Treverbyn Stenalees ⓘ Gunheath China Clay Pit	Tindle (2008)
Derbyshire Bolsover District Hodthorpe and Belph ⓘ Whitwell Quarry	Tarmac

Ukraine
Crimea Bakhchysarai Skalistoye ⓘ Bakla Mountain	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Dvoichenko P.A. The minerals of Crimea (1914)
Belogorsk area ⓘ Ak-Kaya Mountain (Belaya Skala)	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Alexander I. Tischenko (1996)
ⓘ Khmelnytskyi Oblast	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] [Specimen in the Natural History Museum

USA
Alaska Valdez-Cordova Census Area Chisana Mining District ⓘ Nabesna Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] U. S. Geological Survey Open-File ...
Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Kartchner Caverns	www.caves.org
Yavapai County ⓘ White Picacho Mining District	AmMin 67: 97-113 (1982)
Independence Gulch ⓘ Midnight Owl Mine	C. Lemanski (Analysis by F. Veselovsky & P. Ondrus) +1 other reference
Arkansas Montgomery County Fancy Hill mining district Caddo Gap ⓘ Henderson Mine (Fancy Hill Mine) ?	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Econ Geol (1987)
ⓘ Pike County	Howard (2007)
California Humboldt County ⓘ Yager Junction	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Murdoch (1966)
Mono County White Mountains White Mountain Peak ⓘ Champion Mine	...
Riverside County Whitewater (White Water) ⓘ Unnamed Piemontite occurrence [1] (San Gorgonio Pass)	David Singer: Highly oxidized rocks ... +2 other references
San Benito County Idria (New Idria) ⓘ Yellow Cat Mine	Personally collected and analyzed by ...
Trinity County Klamath Mountains Hyampom ⓘ Unnamed Phosphate occurrence [1]	Lydon (1964) +3 other references
Colorado Eagle County ⓘ Gilman Mining District (Battle Mountain Mining District; Red Cliff Mining District)	U.S. Geological Survey Professional ...
Gunnison County Goose Creek Mining District ⓘ Little Johnnie Mine (Cathey Nos. 1-5; Unpatented Claims: Little Johnnie Nos. 1-2; Charley Nos. 1-5; Little Johnnie Extension)	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Page et al. (1956) +2 other references
White Earth Mining District (Powderhorn Mining District) ⓘ Iron Hill deposit	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Eckel et al. (1997)
Larimer County Crystal Mountain Pegmatite Mining District (Storm Mountain Mining District) ⓘ Big Boulder Mine (Big Boulder Beryl Mine)	Rocks & Min.:62:234-235.
ⓘ Crystal Snow Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Debbie Doll Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
Storm Mountain ⓘ Storm Mountain Mine	Rocks & Min.: 62: 234.
Park County ⓘ Crystal Peak area	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Carl (Bob)
Teller County Crystal Peak ⓘ Smoky Hawk claim	Valarie Babbitz collection
Connecticut Fairfield County Redding Branchville ⓘ Fillow Quarry	Ronald Januzzi collection
Middlesex County East Hampton Cobalt ⓘ State Forest Quarry No. 2	Moritz (n.d.)
Portland Collins Hill Strickland pegmatite ⓘ Strickland Quarry	Schooner (circa 1985) +1 other reference
Georgia ⓘ Cherokee County
Holly Springs ⓘ Verde Antique Quarry	Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Idaho Caribou County Soda Springs Area ⓘ South Rasmussen Ridge Phosphate Mine	Kampf et al. (2013)
Maine Androscoggin County Auburn West Mount Apatite Mining District ⓘ Keith Quarry (Towne Quarry)
Poland ⓘ Berry-Havey Quarry (Havey Quarry; Berry Quarry)	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
Cumberland County Baldwin West Baldwin ⓘ Estes Quarry	Mineral News (2000)
Oxford County Albany ⓘ Bumpus Quarry	King (2009)
ⓘ Guy Johnson Quarry	King (2009)
ⓘ Songo Pond Quarry (Kimball Ledge Quarry)	King (2009)
Buckfield ⓘ Bennett Quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
Greenwood Uncle Tom Mountain ⓘ Emmons Quarry	Falster et al. (2019)
Newry ⓘ Bell pit	King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
ⓘ Crooker Gem Pegmatite Quarries	King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
ⓘ Dunton Gem Quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
ⓘ Rose Quartz crystal locality (Pegmatite 24)	King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
ⓘ Scotty Quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
Norway ⓘ B.B. No. 7 Quarry
Paris ⓘ Mount Mica Quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
ⓘ Ryerson Hill Quarries	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
Peru ⓘ Perry Petalite prospect	Dionne et al. (2014)
Rumford ⓘ Black Mountain Quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
ⓘ Lookout Quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Scott Soucey and Tim Blake specimens
Stoneham ⓘ Lord Hill Quarry (Lord Hill Mine)	King et al. (1994)
Michigan Dickinson County Waucedah ⓘ Randville Dolomite	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Heinrich et al. (2004)
Montana Ravalli County Mineral Point Mining District ⓘ Sheep Creek	Gammons et al. (2024)
Nevada Esmeralda County Candelaria Mining District (Columbus Mining District) ⓘ Unnamed prospect	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Castor et al. (2004)
Rock Hill Mining District ⓘ Unnamed Phosphate Locality No. 1	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Walstrom (n.d.)
ⓘ Goldstrike Mines	Barrick Gold Corporation
Humboldt County Buffalo Mountain Mining District ⓘ Lone Tree Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Newmont Mining Corporation
Lincoln County ⓘ Pioche Mining District	Castor et al. (2004)
Nye County San Antonio Mountains Tonopah Mining District ⓘ Tonopah	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Am.Jour.Sci. et al. (1921)
ⓘ Mizpah Mine (Mizpah shaft)	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Castor et al. (2004)
ⓘ Valley View vein	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Castor et al. (2004)
Toquima Range ⓘ Manhattan Mining District	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Castor et al. (2004)
New Hampshire Grafton County Groton ⓘ Palermo No. 1 Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite]
ⓘ Palermo No. 2 Mine	Journal of Pegmatology vol. 1 +2 other references
Sullivan County Newport ⓘ Chandlers Mill Quarry	King (n.d.)
New Jersey Sussex County Franklin ⓘ Franklin Mine	Chris O'neill
North Carolina Catawba County Hickory ⓘ Martin Marietta Quarry (Hickory Quarry)	Keith Wood
Cleveland County Kings Mountain ⓘ Foote Lithium Co. Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite]
Gaston County ⓘ Bessemer City Quarry	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Magma Field Trip Reports
Oklahoma Murray County ⓘ ~~Hunton Limestone Quarry~~	Krystyniak (2005)
Pennsylvania Berks County Earl Township Shanesville ⓘ Pennsylvania Uranium Mining Company Shaft	Smith
Huntingdon County Hares Valley area Mapleton ⓘ Motel 22 occurrence	Smith (1977)
Puerto Rico Mayagüez ⓘ Mona Island	Onac et al. (2011)
ⓘ Monito Island (Moneta Island; Muna Muna Island)	Wise (1997)
South Dakota Custer County Custer Mining District Fourmile ⓘ Tip Top Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117. +1 other reference
Pringle Cicero Peak ⓘ White Elephant Mine	Moore et al. (1974)
Pennington County Keystone Mining District Glendale ⓘ Big Chief Mine	Campbell et al. (1985)
Keystone ⓘ Bob Ingersoll Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Smith et al. (2000)
ⓘ Peerless Mine	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] USGS Prof Paper 297A
Unorganized mining district [5] ⓘ Gap Lode Pegmatite	King (n.d.)
Utah Emery County ⓘ San Rafael River Mining District	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Young et al. (1960)
Piute County ⓘ Pine Canyon	Mineralogical Magazine 1998 62 : 265-269
Utah County Sunshine Mining District Fairfield Clay Canyon ⓘ Little Green Monster Variscite Mine	Wilson (2010)
Virginia Augusta County West Augusta ⓘ Stoutameyer Branch (Stotameyer Creek)	Robin D. Tibbit (deceased)
Bath County ⓘ Butler Cave	NSS Bulletin 44:90-97 (1982)
Campbell County ⓘ Boxley Quarry (Mt. Athos Quarry)
Giles County Pearisburg ⓘ Wolf Creek Mountain	Dietrich (1990)
West Virginia ⓘ Taylor County	Bauer et al. (2022)
Wyoming Big Horn County ⓘ Spence Dome	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Mitchell et al. (1958)
ⓘ Park County	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] AmMin 20:693

Uzbekistan
Tashkent Region Ohangaron District ⓘ Kairagach Au deposit	Kovalenker et al. (2003)

Venezuela
Aragua ⓘ Cueva de San Sebastian	Urbani (1996)
Miranda ⓘ Alfredo Jahn Cave	Urbani
ⓘ Cueva de Iglesitas	Urbani (1996)
ⓘ Cueva Ricardo Zuloaga	Urbani (1996)
ⓘ Cuevo del Indio	[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Urbani (1996)
Monagas ⓘ Cueva del Guácharo	Urbani (1996)
ⓘ Unspecified Caves	Franco Urbani (2009)

Yemen
Hadhramaut Governorate ⓘ Kaidun meteorite	Zolensky et al. (2003)

Zimbabwe
Manicaland Buhera District ⓘ Dorowa Phosphate Mine	USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A

162173 Ryugu

Hydroxylapatite

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