java9-stack-stackwalking

preface

• theory: https://github.com/mtumilowicz/java-stack
• comparison to java 8: https://github.com/mtumilowicz/java8-stack-stackwalking
• java 9 introduced a new API for stack-walking
• API is represented by single StackWalker class
• easy and efficient - evaluates the stack frames lazily (stream based)
• method to get the reference of the caller's class
• is thread-safe

StackWalker

StackWalker.Option

• enum
• configures StackWalker
• values
  • RETAIN_CLASS_REFERENCE - StackFrame will contain reference to the Class object of the method represented by this frame
  • SHOW_HIDDEN_FRAMES - show all hidden frames (for example - implementation specific and reflection frames are not included by default)
  • SHOW_REFLECT_FRAMES - show only reflection frames ( specific implementation frames could still be hidden)
• note that there is also enum StackWalker.ExtendedOption with only one, self-explaining value LOCALS_AND_OPERANDS

StackWalker.StackFrame

• interface
• we don't have direct access to concrete implementation
• useful methods:
  • String getClassName()
  • String getMethodName()
  • int getLineNumber()
  • public Class<?> getDeclaringClass()
    • UnsupportedOperationException if not configured with RETAIN_CLASS_REFERENCE

methods

• creating instance of StackWalker
  • static StackWalker getInstance()
  • static StackWalker getInstance(Option option)
  • static StackWalker getInstance(Set<Option> options)
  • static StackWalker getInstance(Set<Option> options, int estimateDepth)
    • estimateDepth specifies the estimate number of stack frames this StackWalker will traverse that the StackWalker could use as a hint for the buffer size
• traverse the stack
  • void forEach(Consumer<? super StackFrame> action)
    • traversing from the top frame of the stack, which is the method calling this forEach method
  • <T> T walk(Function<? super Stream<StackFrame>, ? extends T> function)
    • returning a Stream would be unsafe, as the stream could be used to access the stack frames in an uncontrolled manner
    • applies the given function to the stream of StackFrames for the current thread, traversing from the top frame of the stack
    • stream will be closed when this method returns
    • the Java virtual machine is free to reorganize a thread's control stack, for example, via deoptimization - by taking a Function parameter, this method allows access to stack frames through a stable view of a thread's control stack

project description

1. for test purposes

   class StackWalking {
       void m1() {
           m2();
       }
   
       private void m2() {
           m3();
       }
   
       private void m3() {
           System.out.println("---");
           System.out.println("stack from m3():");
           StackWalker.getInstance(Set.of(RETAIN_CLASS_REFERENCE, SHOW_HIDDEN_FRAMES), 4)
                   .walk(frames -> {
                       frames.limit(4).forEach(System.out::println);
                       return null;
                   });
           System.out.println("---");
   
           m4();
       }
   
       private void m4() {
           System.out.println("---");
           System.out.println("stack from m4():");
           StackWalker.getInstance(Set.of(RETAIN_CLASS_REFERENCE, SHOW_HIDDEN_FRAMES), 5)
                   .walk(frames -> {
                       frames.limit(5).forEach(System.out::println);
                       return null;
                   });
           System.out.println("---");
       }
   }
   

2. simulation

   @Test
   public void simulation() {
       new StackWalking().m1();
   }
   

   produces

   ---
   stack from m3():
   StackWalking.m3(StackWalking.java:22)
   StackWalking.m2(StackWalking.java:15)
   StackWalking.m1(StackWalking.java:11)
   StackWalkingTest.simulation(StackWalkingTest.java:10)
   ---
   ---
   stack from m4():
   StackWalking.m4(StackWalking.java:35)
   StackWalking.m3(StackWalking.java:28)
   StackWalking.m2(StackWalking.java:15)
   StackWalking.m1(StackWalking.java:11)
   StackWalkingTest.simulation(StackWalkingTest.java:10)
   ---