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Add molecular_chemistry.py #2944

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@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
* [Decimal To Hexadecimal](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/blob/master/conversions/decimal_to_hexadecimal.py)
* [Decimal To Octal](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/blob/master/conversions/decimal_to_octal.py)
* [Hexadecimal To Decimal](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/blob/master/conversions/hexadecimal_to_decimal.py)
* [Molecular Chemistry](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/blob/master/conversions/molecular_chemistry.py)
* [Prefix Conversions](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/blob/master/conversions/prefix_conversions.py)
* [Roman To Integer](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/blob/master/conversions/roman_to_integer.py)
* [Temperature Conversions](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/blob/master/conversions/temperature_conversions.py)
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
def molarity_to_normality(nfactor: int, moles: float, volume: float) -> float:
"""
Convert molarity to normality.
Volume is taken in litres.
Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_concentration
Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration
>>> molarity_to_normality(2, 3.1, 0.31)
20
>>> molarity_to_normality(4, 11.4, 5.7)
8
"""
return round((float(moles / volume) * nfactor))


def moles_to_pressure(volume: float, moles: float, temperature: float) -> float:
"""
Convert moles to pressure.
Ideal gas laws are used.
Temperature is taken in kelvin.
Volume is taken in litres.
Pressure has atm as SI unit.
Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_laws
Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure
Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature
>>> moles_to_pressure(0.82, 3, 300)
90
>>> moles_to_pressure(8.2, 5, 200)
10
"""
return round(float((moles * 0.0821 * temperature) / (volume)))


def moles_to_volume(pressure: float, moles: float, temperature: float) -> float:
"""
Convert moles to volume.
Ideal gas laws are used.
Temperature is taken in kelvin.
Volume is taken in litres.
Pressure has atm as SI unit.
Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_laws
Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure
Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature
>>> moles_to_volume(0.82, 3, 300)
90
>>> moles_to_volume(8.2, 5, 200)
10
"""
return round(float((moles * 0.0821 * temperature) / (pressure)))


def pressure_and_volume_to_temperature(
pressure: float, moles: float, volume: float
) -> float:
"""
Convert pressure and volume to temperature.
Ideal gas laws are used.
Temperature is taken in kelvin.
Volume is taken in litres.
Pressure has atm as SI unit.
Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_laws
Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure
Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature
>>> pressure_and_volume_to_temperature(0.82, 1, 2)
20
>>> pressure_and_volume_to_temperature(8.2, 5, 3)
60
"""
return round(float((pressure * volume) / (0.0821 * moles)))


if __name__ == "__main__":

import doctest

doctest.testmod()
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