python / cpython

Use an unique identifier for the different grammars documented using
the Sphinx productionlist markup.

productionlist markups of the same grammar, like "expressions" or
"compound statements", use the same identifier "python-grammar".

Entry was added by bpo-40939, #21012 and #21039.

)

* When the parameters argument is a list, correctly handle the case
  of changing it during iteration.
* When the parameters argument is a custom sequence, no longer
  override an exception raised in ``__len__()``.

…22091)

* Add new capability to the PEG parser to type variable assignments. For instance:
```
       | a[asdl_stmt_seq*]=';'.small_stmt+ [';'] NEWLINE { a }
```

* Add new sequence types from the asdl definition (automatically generated)
* Make `asdl_seq` type a generic aliasing pointer type.
* Create a new `asdl_generic_seq` for the generic case using `void*`.
* The old `asdl_seq_GET`/`ast_seq_SET` macros now are typed.
* New `asdl_seq_GET_UNTYPED`/`ast_seq_SET_UNTYPED` macros for dealing with generic sequences.
* Changes all possible `asdl_seq` types to use specific versions everywhere.

fix default `_missing_` to return `None` instead of raising a `ValueError`
Co-authored-by: Andrey Darascheka <andrei.daraschenka@leverx.com>

1. The check is on the type
2. Add link to TypeDict

fix bug that let Enums be extended via multiple inheritance

Closes issue41792.

Also closes python/typing#751.

EnumMeta double-checks that `__repr__`, `__str__`, `__format__`, and `__reduce_ex__` are not the same as `object`'s, and replaces them if they are -- even if that replacement was intentionally done in the Enum being constructed.  This patch fixes that.

Automerge-Triggered-By: @ethanfurman

sigprocmask is in section 2, not 3.

Automerge-Triggered-By: @gvanrossum

Automerge-Triggered-By: @ethanfurman

From "can produce difference information in various formats ..."
to " can produce information about file differences in various formats ..."

Automerge-Triggered-By: @Mariatta

Partially revert commit ac46eb4:
"bpo-38113: Update the Python-ast.c generator to PEP384 (gh-15957)".

Using a module state per module instance is causing subtle practical
problems.

For example, the Mercurial project replaces the __import__() function
to implement lazy import, whereas Python expected that "import _ast"
always return a fully initialized _ast module.

Add _PyAST_Fini() to clear the state at exit.

The _ast module has no state (set _astmodule.m_size to 0). Remove
astmodule_traverse(), astmodule_clear() and astmodule_free()
functions.

…GH-22234)

Revise example of "continue" in the tutorial documentation

* UPPER_CASE preferred as enum members are constants

…H-22154)

NuGet automatically includes .props file from the build directory in the
target using the package, but only if the .props file has the correct
name: it must be $(id).props

Rename python.props correspondingly in all the nuspec variants. Also
keep python.props as it were for backward compatibility.

…opy() (GH-22208)

On this paragrapah the clarification about IIS7 seems there's not
connection beacuase is in other sentence. Move the punctuation
to connect both the last sentence with the information in the
parenthesis.

I think the NEWS is not necessary here.

Automerge-Triggered-By: @ericvsmith

…H-18370)

…file.* functions (GH-21763)

`None` doesn't work:

```python
>>> import tempfile
>>> tempfile.TemporaryFile(buffering=None)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/sergey/tmp/cpython-dev/Lib/tempfile.py", line 607, in TemporaryFile
    return _io.open(fd, mode, buffering=buffering,
TypeError: 'NoneType' object cannot be interpreted as an integer
```

Automerge-Triggered-By: @vsajip

Fix a race condition in the call_soon_threadsafe() method of
asyncio.ProactorEventLoop: do nothing if the self-pipe socket has
been closed.