To reproduce:
touch -d 2038-01-20 /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/six.py
python3 /usr/lib64/python3.6/compileall.py


  File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/compileall.py", line 198, in compile_path
    legacy=legacy, optimize=optimize)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/compileall.py", line 90, in compile_dir
    legacy, optimize):
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/compileall.py", line 138, in compile_file
    mtime)
struct.error: 'l' format requires -2147483648 <= number <= 2147483647

It could use either 
64 bit int (requires new .pyc format with different magic number) or
unsigned 32 bit int (gives us only another 68 years)

With 3.8a

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/stephane/src/github.com/python/cpython/Lib/runpy.py", line 192, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "/home/stephane/src/github.com/python/cpython/Lib/runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/home/stephane/src/github.com/python/cpython/Lib/compileall.py", line 326, in <module>
    exit_status = int(not main())
  File "/home/stephane/src/github.com/python/cpython/Lib/compileall.py", line 303, in main
    if not compile_file(dest, args.ddir, args.force, args.rx,
  File "/home/stephane/src/github.com/python/cpython/Lib/compileall.py", line 142, in compile_file
    expect = struct.pack('<4sll', importlib.util.MAGIC_NUMBER,
struct.error: 'l' format requires -2147483648 <= number <= 2147483647

But until 2038, maybe there will be a new format for the .pyc file.

We should keep this issue and try to fix it for 3.8 or 3.9?

It does not need to be fixed tomorrow, but 2037 is too late, because by then there will be a lot of legacy systems around.
(Un)fortunately many systems live 10+ years now

Timestamp with year >= 2038 are accepted: importlib._bootstrap_external._code_to_timestamp_pyc() uses (int(x) & 0xFFFFFFFF). It's not a bug, but by design. compileall should just do the same. Sorry, I don't know if it's specified somewhere, but I know that it's done on purpose.

So we need to fix compileall.py.

maybe we could add the label 'easy' to this issue.

A reproducer in Python that can be added to test_compileall if needed : 

def test_compile_all_2038(self):
    with open(self.source_path, 'r') as f:
        os.utime(f.name, (2147558400, 2147558400)) # Jan 20, 2038 as touch
    self.assertTrue(compileall.compile_file(pathlib.Path(self.source_path)))


./python.exe -m unittest -v test.test_compileall.CompileallTestsWithSourceEpoch.test_compile_all_2038
test_compile_all_2038 (test.test_compileall.CompileallTestsWithSourceEpoch) ... ERROR

======================================================================
ERROR: test_compile_all_2038 (test.test_compileall.CompileallTestsWithSourceEpoch)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/karthikeyansingaravelan/stuff/python/cpython/Lib/test/test_py_compile.py", line 30, in wrapper
    return fxn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/karthikeyansingaravelan/stuff/python/cpython/Lib/test/test_compileall.py", line 114, in test_compile_all_2038
    self.assertTrue(compileall.compile_file(pathlib.Path(self.source_path)))
  File "/Users/karthikeyansingaravelan/stuff/python/cpython/Lib/compileall.py", line 142, in compile_file
    expect = struct.pack('<4sll', importlib.util.MAGIC_NUMBER,
struct.error: 'l' format requires -2147483648 <= number <= 2147483647

----------------------------------------------------------------------


Thanks

Victor seems there was some discussion about 2038 problem in the original PR but I don't know if it's related to this. Reference : https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/4575#discussion_r153376173

Thanks