Author's Latest Posts


Swapping Out Chiplets: I/Os Vs. Compute


Key Takeaways: Companies can save time and money by swapping out a compute, memory, or I/O chiplet to gain technology improvements, while keeping the other dies stable. Chip architects may choose to keep their I/Os stable and swap out compute to move from a 5nm process node to 3nm to achieve performance and power improvements, or swap out memory from LPDDR5X to LPDDR6. Swapping out... » read more

Confusion Grows With More Interconnect Options And Tradeoffs


Key Takeaways: Designers are frequently evaluating 5 or more different interconnects in a single system, each with a distinct purpose. While chip-to-chip (PCIe) and die-to-die (UCIe, BoW) technologies seem to be solving a similar problem, in practice they bring different challenges. PCIe, CXL, NVLink, and UALink are all active in the hyperscaler space, but Ethernet-based technologies... » read more

Humanoid Touch And Voice Are Improving Rapidly


Key Takeaways Humanoid robots are rapidly expanding beyond factories and logistics toward broader, general-purpose roles (including in-home assistance), driven by advances in AI and sensing. Compared with vision and language, touch (haptics) and hearing/voice in real environments remain the hardest — and most commercially important — sensing challenges, requiring fast sensor fusio... » read more

Next-Gen Batteries Require Impedance Data And Active Balancing


Key Takeaways Electric vehicles and energy storage systems using LFP batteries require more sophisticated diagnostic methods because they exhibit very flat cell voltages across various charge levels, making it harder to estimate usable energy. Battery management systems are leveraging new components, AI/ML, digital twins, and other techniques to get more accurate, real-time data, includ... » read more

NoC Coherency Challenges Balloon With AI SoCs And Chiplets


Key Takeaways Data movement, congestion, and energy efficiency are key determiners of whether compute is usable. Different processors bring various coherency challenges. For example, a cache-coherent NoC for CPUs is expensive and harder to verify than an I/O-coherent NoC for an accelerator. Designers need to balance top-down performance with bottom-up physical engineering to effect... » read more

How Long Will CAN Stick Around As Rival Networks Speed Up?


Key Takeaways Automotive Ethernet is rapidly becoming the backbone of software-defined vehicles for higher bandwidth, scalability, and advanced features like TSN and security that legacy protocols cannot match. CAN, LIN, and other legacy networks will not disappear quickly because they are deeply embedded, low‑cost, and proven, but they are increasingly seen as inadequate for future A... » read more

Moving Electrons, Not Just Vehicles


Key Takeaways: There are several ways to convert AC power from the grid to DC power in the system. Some degrade the battery faster than others. Battery management systems monitor cell voltage, current, and temperature, helping to estimate state of charge, health, and useful remaining life. A PMIC with a multi-level converter is the most efficient way to get power from the battery to ... » read more

Data Boom Puts Pressure On NoCs, Fabrics


Key Takeaways: NoC challenges, such as wiring congestion, timing closure, and performance, must be considered in tandem with topology and placement. Topologies can be customized to meet an application’s specific data flow needs, with a system containing multiple topologies to suit different data or zones. What is challenging for one type of system, such as an SoC, switch, or AI chi... » read more

Auto Ethernet 10BASE-T1S Steps Up, With Tbps On The Horizon


Key Takeaways: Automotive Ethernet, particularly 10BASE-T1S, is emerging as a replacement for CAN in vehicle networks, with higher speeds anticipated for future autonomous and connected cars. The transition to Ethernet in automotive domains is not universal; some OEMs may retain CAN or LIN in certain areas due to cost, and integrating various Ethernet standards can be technically feasib... » read more

Limiting AI/ML Tools To Ensure Physical AI Safety, Security


Key Takeaways: AI-based tools can help monitor physical AI systems and LLMs, but human oversight is still needed to avoid false positives, bias, and other anomalies. For autonomous vehicles and robots, edge case scenarios and understanding human values are weak points, especially as moral and social values change over time. AI tools are growing and becoming increasingly helpful for c... » read more

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