17th century

The 17th century was defined by the calendar of Earth as occurring from the year 1601 through the year 1700.

Events[]

Guinan's father is born. (TNG: "Rascals")
Flint meets the Earth astronomer Galileo Galilei. (TOS: "Requiem for Methuselah") During his lifetime, Galileo proves that the Earth is not the center of the universe. As a result, religious authorities make him renounce his support for those claims on the premise of a death sentence for disobedience. (DS9: "In the Hands of the Prophets")
The Marlonian 2nd century occurs. This is when the Marlonian cookware found by Jean-Luc Picard originated. (TNG: "Rascals")
In the mid to late 17th century, it would be the last time until 2375 that the Book of the Kosst Amojan, an ancient tome considered highly dangerous, would be removed from the Bajoran Central Archives. (DS9: "The Changing Face of Evil")

1623: Posthumous publication of the First Folio by William Shakespeare on Earth. (TOS: "Requiem for Methuselah")

1647: A man named Ronin is born in Glasgow, on Earth. He becomes infused with an anaphasic lifeform, effectively granting him eternal youth. (TNG: "Sub Rosa")

1663: The Lucasian Chair of Mathematics is created at Cambridge University. (TNG: "All Good Things...")

1665: Human mathematician Pierre de Fermat dies, leaving behind a note claiming to have discovered "remarkable proof" for what becomes known as Fermat's last theorem. (TNG: "The Royale"; DS9: "Facets")

1666: Human scientist Isaac Newton devises three laws of motion that form the basis of Earth's understanding of physics and the universe. Newton's epiphany comes when a member of the Q Continuum, later named Quinn, jostles the apple tree that Newton is sitting under, causing an apple to fall on Newton's head. (VOY: "Death Wish")

1680: Colonial rule of American Indian Pueblos is challenged in the Spanish province of New Mexico. The Pueblo villages rise up, killing 400 Spaniards and driving the 2000 surviving colonists out of the province, in what was known as the Pueblo Revolt. (TNG: "Journey's End")

1692: The Spanish reconquer New Mexico, returning without significant bloodshed initially by negotiating an end to forced labor and allowing some Native forms of worship, though further resistance and uprisings lead to several battles in subsequent years. Javier Maribona-Picard, an ancestor of Jean-Luc Picard, is one of the Spanish soldiers in this campaign. (TNG: "Journey's End")