Edgar Adrian
Edgar Douglas Adrian, Baron na 1st Adrian OM FRS (30 Nuwamba 1889 - 4 Agusta 1977) ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lantarki ne na Ingila kuma ya sami kyautar Nobel ta 1932 don Ilimin Halittar Jiki, ya lashe tare da Sir Charles Sherrington saboda aikin da ke kan aikin jijiyoyi . Ya bayar da shaidar gwaji don dokar jijiyoyi gaba ɗaya ko babu . [1]
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Adrian a Hampstead, Landan, ƙaramin ɗa ga Alfred Douglas Adrian, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a ga Hukumar Kananan Hukumomi, da kuma Flora Lavinia Barton.
Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Westminster kuma ya yi karatun Kimiyyar Halitta a Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1911. A shekarar 1913 aka zaɓe shi zuwa ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta Kwalejin Trinity saboda bincikensa kan dokar jijiyoyi "kowane ko babu".
Bayan kammala karatun digirin likitanci (MB BCh) a shekarar 1915, ya yi aikin asibiti a Asibitin St Bartholomew da ke Landan a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, inda ya yi wa sojoji masu fama da lalacewar jijiyoyi da matsalolin jijiyoyi kamar su bugun zuciya . Adrian ya koma Cambridge a matsayin malami yana samun digirin digirgir (MD) a shekarar 1919 kuma a shekarar 1925 ya fara bincike kan gabobin ji na ɗan adam ta hanyar amfani da na'urar lantarki.
Sana'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ci gaba da binciken da ya yi a baya kan Keith Lucas, ya yi amfani da na'urar auna karfin jini da bututun hasken cathode-ray don fadada siginar da tsarin jijiyoyi ke samarwa kuma ya sami damar yin rikodin fitar da wutar lantarki na zaruruwan jijiyoyi guda daya a karkashin motsin jiki. (Da alama ya yi amfani da kwadi a gwaje-gwajensa [2] ) Wani bincike da Adrian ya yi ba zato ba tsammani a shekarar 1928 ya tabbatar da kasancewar wutar lantarki a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. Adrian ya ce,
Na shirya na'urorin lantarki a kan jijiyar ido ta kwadi dangane da wasu gwaje-gwaje a kan retina. Ɗakin ya kusa duhu kuma na yi mamakin jin sautuka masu maimaitawa a cikin lasifikar da aka haɗa da na'urar ƙara sauti, hayaniyar da ke nuna cewa ana gudanar da ayyuka da yawa na sha'awa. Sai da na kwatanta hayaniyar da motsin kaina a kusa da ɗakin ne na fahimci cewa ina cikin fagen hangen idon kwadi kuma yana nuna abin da nake yi.
Wani muhimmin sakamako, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1928, ya bayyana cewa motsin fata a ƙarƙashin motsa jiki akai-akai yana da ƙarfi da farko amma a hankali yana raguwa akan lokaci, yayin da motsin ji da ke wucewa ta jijiyoyi daga wurin taɓawa suna da ƙarfi akai-akai, duk da haka suna raguwa akai-akai akan lokaci, kuma jin daɗin da ke cikin kwakwalwa yana raguwa sakamakon haka.
Da ya faɗaɗa waɗannan sakamakon zuwa ga nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwo ta hanyar ƙarfafa tsarin jijiyoyi, ya yi bincike game da karɓar irin waɗannan sigina a cikin kwakwalwa da kuma rarraba sararin samaniya na sassan jijiyoyi na kwakwalwa a cikin dabbobi daban-daban. Waɗannan sakamakon sun haifar da ra'ayin taswirar ji, wanda ake kira homunculus, a cikin tsarin somatosensory .
Daga baya, Adrian ya yi amfani da electroencephalogram don nazarin aikin lantarki na kwakwalwa a cikin mutane . Aikinsa kan rashin daidaituwar yanayin Berger ya buɗe hanya don bincike na gaba game da farfadiya da sauran cututtukan kwakwalwa. Ya shafe kashi na ƙarshe na aikinsa na bincike yana binciken olfaction .
Mukaman da ya riƙe a lokacin aikinsa sun haɗa da Farfesa Foulerton 1929–1937; Farfesa a fannin ilimin halittar jiki a Jami'ar Cambridge 1937–1951; Shugaban Royal Society 1950–1955; Jagora a Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge, 1951–1965; shugaban Royal Society of Medicine 1960–1962; Shugaban Jami'ar Cambridge 1967–1975; Shugaban Jami'ar Leicester 1957–1971. An zaɓe Adrian a matsayin memba na girmamawa na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka da Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka a 1938. [3] [4] An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Ƙasashen Duniya na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta Amurka a 1941. [5] A 1946 ya zama memba na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Royal Netherlands . [6] A shekarar 1942 aka ba shi lambar yabo ta girmamawa, kuma a shekarar 1955 aka ƙirƙiri lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara Baron Adrian na Cambridge a Gundumar Cambridge. [7] [8]
Iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 14 ga Yuni, 1923 Edgar Adrian ya auri Hester Agnes Pinsent, wacce 'yar Ellen Pinsent ce kuma 'yar'uwar David Pinsent . Tare suka haifi 'ya'ya uku, da farko mace ɗaya sannan tagwaye:
- Anne Pinsent Adrian, wacce ta auri masanin ilimin halittar jiki Richard Keynes, wanda jikan Charles Darwin ne . Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya huɗu.
- Adrian Keynes (1946–1974)
- Randal Keynes (*1948)
- Roger Keynes (*1951)
- Simon Keynes (*1952)
- Richard Adrian, Baron Adrian na 2 (1927–1995)
- Ma'auratan ba su da 'ya'ya.
- Jennet Adrian (an haife shi a shekarar 1927), wadda ta auri Peter Watson Campbell
- Ba a san ƙarin bayani game da iyali ba. [9]
Littattafan tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tushen Abin Mamaki (1928)
- Tsarin Ayyukan Jin Daɗi (1932)
- Abubuwan da ke Kayyade Halayyar Dan Adam (1937)
Hannu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jerin shugabannin ƙungiyar Sarauta
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hodgkin, Alan (1979). "Edgar Douglas Adrian, Baron Adrian of Cambridge. 30 November 1889 – 4 August 1977". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 25: 1–73. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1979.0002. PMID 11615790.
- ↑ GRO Register of Births: DEC 1889 1a 650 HAMPSTEAD – Edgar Douglas Adrian
- ↑ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
- ↑ GRO Register of Births: DEC 1889 1a 650 HAMPSTEAD – Edgar Douglas Adrian
- ↑ GRO Register of Deaths: SEP 1977 9 0656 CAMBRIDGE – Edgar Douglas Adrian, DoB = 30 November 1889
- ↑ GRO Register of Births: DEC 1889 1a 650 HAMPSTEAD – Edgar Douglas Adrian
- ↑ GRO Register of Births: DEC 1889 1a 650 HAMPSTEAD – Edgar Douglas Adrian
- ↑ "Lord Adrian recognised with Blue Plaque in Cambridge". The Physiological Society. 14 Dec 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ↑ GRO Register of Deaths: SEP 1977 9 0656 CAMBRIDGE – Edgar Douglas Adrian, DoB = 30 November 1889