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Baklava

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Baklava
dessert (en) Fassara, pastry (en) Fassara da abinci
Kayan haɗi almond (en) Fassara
sukari
kirfa
syrup (en) Fassara
phyllo (en) Fassara
walnut (en) Fassara
Pistacia (mul) Fassara
Tarihi
Asali Daular Usmaniyya

Baklava / / bɑːkləˈvɑː ,​​​​ ˈ b ɑː k l ə v ɑː / ⓘ, [1] / / bəˈkl ɑː və / [ 2 [2] wani kayan zaki ne na biredi mai layi wanda aka yi da biredi na filo, cike da yankakken goro, sannan a yi masa zaki da ko dai syrup ko zuma.

Kalmar baklava asalin Turkiyya ce. Duk da cewa ana jayayya kan asalin kayan zaki, labaran zamani da yawa suna danganta shi da al'adun biredi na Tsakiyar Asiya ta Turkiyya kuma suna da'awar cewa baklava a wani abu kusa da yanayinsa na zamani an ƙirƙira shi a cikin abincin Ottoman . Ya ci gaba da zama kayan zaki na gama gari tsakanin abinci na ƙasashen Yammacin Asiya, Kudu maso Gabashin Turai, Tsakiyar Asiya, da Arewacin Afirka . Haka kuma ana jin daɗinsa a Kudancin Asiya, inda, kodayake ba kayan zaki na gargajiya ba ne, ya shahara tsawon shekaru.

Asalin Ma'anar

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kalmar baklava an fara tabbatar da ita a Turanci a shekarar 1650, an aro ta ne daga Ottoman Turkish /bɑːklɑvɑː/ . Ana amfani da sunan baklava a harsuna da yawa tare da ƙananan bambance-bambancen sauti da rubutu. Tunanin farko da aka sani game da baklava yana cikin waƙar Kaygusuz Abdal na ƙarni na 15.

Masanin tarihi Paul D. Buell ya yi jayayya cewa kalmar baklava na iya fitowa daga baγla- baγla- 'ƙulla, naɗewa, tara' wanda aka haɗa da ƙarshen kalmomin Turkic -v ; baγla- kanta a cikin Mongolian kalma ce ta aro ta Turkic. Mai rubuta ƙamus Sevan Nişanyan ya ɗauki tsoffin sifofinsa da aka sani (kafin 1500) a matsayin baklağı da baklağu, kuma ya sanya masa suna a matsayin asalin Proto-Turkic. An kuma rubuta wani nau'in kalmar a cikin Farisanci, باقلبا ( bāqlabā ). [3] Ko da yake ƙarin bayani -vā na iya nuna asalin Farisa, [4] [5] ɓangaren baqla- ba ya bayyana a matsayin Farisa kuma ragowar da ba a san asalinsu ba. Masanin harshe Tuncer Gülensoy ya bayyana cewa asalin baklava bakl-ı ne. (cikakken abinci) a cikin proto-Turkish da kari -la-ğı an ƙara. Kalmar tana canzawa kamar bakılağı > bakılavı > baklava . Sunan Larabci بقلاوة baqlāwa ya samo asali ne daga harshen Turkanci. [6]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Shagon Baklava, tsakanin 19 Afrilu 1921 da 6 Disamba 1923, daga Frank Scholten 's La Porte d'entrée Jaffa

An yi jayayya kan asalin Baklava . [7] [8] Abubuwan da aka gabatar sun haɗa da kayan zaki na Girka-Roman da na Byzantine masu layi [9] kamar kek ɗin placenta (girke-girke na Farisa da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi), [8] lauzinaj na Larabci na zamanin da, [10] da al'adar Turkci ta Tsakiyar Asiya ta burodi mai layi. [7] [11] Daga cikin waɗannan, bayanin da aka fi haɓaka ya danganta baklava da al'adun burodi masu layi na Turkiyya, waɗanda daga baya aka tsara su a duniyar Ottoman kuma aka haɗa su da amfani da syrup mai zaki. [7] [12] [11] [13]

A cewar masanin tarihin abinci Gil Marks, baklava ya samo asali ne daga Farisa ko Turkiyya . [14] Akwai kuma da'awar cewa Assuriyawa sun yi baklava, wanda a cewarsa, sun shirya baklava a ƙarni na 8 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. [15] Akwai kuma wasu kamanceceniya tsakanin baklava da kuma gastris zaki na Girka na zamanin da . ( γάστρις ), kopte sesamis ( κοπτὴ σησαμίς ), da kuma kopton ( κοπτόν ) an same shi a cikin littafin XIV na Deipnosophistae Duk da haka, girke-girken da ke akwai don cike goro da zuma, tare da saman da ƙasan zuma da niƙa sesame mai kama da pasteli zamani. ko halva, kuma babu kullu, tabbas ba kullu mai laushi ba.

Wani girke-girke na irin kayan zaki shine güllaç, wani kayan zaki da ake samu a cikin abincin Turkiyya kuma wasu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin asalin baklava. Ya ƙunshi yadudduka na kullu na filo waɗanda ake sakawa ɗaya bayan ɗaya a cikin madarar da aka ɗumama tare da sukari . Ana ba da shi da goro da rumman sabo kuma galibi ana ci a lokacin Ramadan . Takardar farko da aka sani game da güllaç An tabbatar da shi a cikin Yinshan Zhengyao, littafin abinci da lafiya wanda ke tattara abincin Daular Mongol, wanda Hu Sihui, wani masanin abinci na kotun Mongol na daular Yuan ta China, ya rubuta a shekara ta 1330. [16]

Duk da cewa ba a rubuta tarihin baklava sosai ba, an ƙirƙiri baklava a wani abu kusa da yanayinta na zamani a duniyar Ottoman kuma ya kasance yana da alaƙa da ɗakunan girki na fadar Topkapı da ke Constantinople ( Istanbul na zamani). [7] [8] [17] Sarkin Musulmi ya gabatar da tiren baklava ga Janissaries a lokacin Ramadan a cikin wani jerin gwano na bikin da ake kira Baklava Alayı . [14] [18]

Ka'idar kek ɗin Placenta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wata ka'ida da aka gabatar ta danganta baklava da mahaifar Girka da Romawa da zuriyar Byzantine, kamar plakous ko koptoplakous . [1] [1] [1] [1] [2] [lower-alpha 1] A cikin wannan fassarar, ana ɗaukar waɗannan burodi masu laushi da zuma a matsayin magabatan baklava maimakon a matsayin kayan zaki a cikin yanayin zamani. [3] [1] [4] [5] Wasu marubuta sun ba da babban nauyi ga al'adar Turkkan Tsakiyar Asiya ta burodi da burodi masu layi, yayin da suke jaddada cewa baklava kamar yadda aka san shi yanzu ya samo asali a duniyar Ottoman. [6] [7] [8] [9]

Masanin tarihi Speros Vryonis ya bayyana koptoplakous a matsayin "abin da Byzantine ta fi so" kuma a matsayin abincin da "daidai yake da baklava na Turkiyya", [19] haka Rena Salaman ma. [20] Sunan ( Greek ) ana amfani da shi a yau a tsibirin Lesbos don ganyen biredi masu sirara tare da goro da aka niƙa, aka gasa, aka kuma rufe shi da syrup. [21]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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  • Christian, David (2001). "Review of Amitai-Preiss, 1999". Journal of World History. 12 (2): 476. doi:10.1353/jwh.2001.0055. S2CID 161517912.
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  • Richard Tapper.
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  • Empty citation (help) Quoted in Perry (1994).
  • Wasti, Syed Tanvir (March 2005). "The Ottoman Ceremony of the Royal Purse". Middle Eastern Studies. 41 (2): 193–200. doi:10.1080/00263200500035116. S2CID 143202946.
  1. ↑ "Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 2012-01-26. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
  2. ↑ "Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 2022-04-30. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
  3. ↑ "Dehkhoda Persian Dictionary, باقلبا". Loghatnaameh.com. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
  4. ↑ Batmanglij, Najmieh, A Taste of Persia: An Introduction to Persian Cooking, I.B.Tauris, 2007, ISBN 1-84511-437-X, 9781845114374; page 156.
  5. ↑ Marks, Gil, Encyclopedia of Jewish Food, John Wiley and Sons, 2010, ISBN 0-470-39130-8, ISBN 978-0-470-39130-3; page 38.
  6. ↑ Akın and Lambraki, Turkish and Greek Cuisine / Türk ve Yunan Mutfağı p. 248-249, ISBN 975-458-484-2
  7. 1 2 3 4 (Richard ed.). Missing or empty |title= (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Perry1994" defined multiple times with different content.
  8. 1 2 3 Faas 2005.
  9. ↑ Salaman 1986; Vryonis 1971.
  10. ↑ Darra Goldstein. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Isin2023Smithsonian".
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Isin2023NatGeo".
  13. ↑ Akkaya, Ayşenur; Koç, Banu (2017). "Past, present and tomorrow of baklava". International Rural Tourism and Development Journal. 1 (1): 47–50. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  14. 1 2 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "marks" defined multiple times with different content.
  15. ↑ Akkaya, Ayşenur; Koc, Banu (2017). "Past, present and tomorrow of baklava". International Rural Tourism and Development Journal. 1 (1): 47–50. Archived from the original on 2022-04-30. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  16. ↑ Işın, Priscilla Mary (2023-09-16). "The Sticky History of Baklava". Smithsonian Magazine (in Turanci).
  17. ↑ Ayşenur Akkaya; Banu Koc (2017). "Past, Present and Tomorrow of Baklava". IRTAD Journal (August): 47–50. ISSN 2602-4462. Archived from the original on 30 April 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  18. ↑ Wasti, Syed Tanvir (2005). "The Ottoman Ceremony of the Royal Purse". Middle Eastern Studies. 41 (2): 193–200. doi:10.1080/00263200500035116. S2CID 143202946.
  19. ↑ Vryonis 1971.
  20. ↑ Salaman 1986.
  21. ↑ Τριανταφύλλη, Κική (17 October 2015). "Πλατσέντα, από την Αγία Παρασκευή Λέσβου". bostanistas.gr. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
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