import copy
import functools
import importlib
import os
import warnings
import requests
from .config import (
    DEFAULT_PROVIDER,
    DEFAULT_PROVIDER_API_KEY,
    MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
    IMAGE_DESCRIPTION_MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
    PROVIDER_MODELS,
    PROVIDER_MODELS_PREFIXES,
    SCREENSHOT_HEIGHT_TRESHOLD,
    PAGE_TIMEOUT,
    IMAGE_SCORE_THRESHOLD,
    SOCIAL_MEDIA_DOMAINS,
)

from .user_agent_generator import UAGen, ValidUAGenerator  # , OnlineUAGenerator
from .extraction_strategy import ExtractionStrategy, LLMExtractionStrategy
from .chunking_strategy import ChunkingStrategy, RegexChunking

from .markdown_generation_strategy import MarkdownGenerationStrategy, DefaultMarkdownGenerator
from .content_scraping_strategy import ContentScrapingStrategy, LXMLWebScrapingStrategy
from .deep_crawling import DeepCrawlStrategy
from .table_extraction import TableExtractionStrategy, DefaultTableExtraction

from .cache_context import CacheMode
from .proxy_strategy import ProxyRotationStrategy

import inspect
from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Union
from enum import Enum

# Type alias for URL matching
UrlMatcher = Union[str, Callable[[str], bool], List[Union[str, Callable[[str], bool]]]]


def _with_defaults(cls):
    """Class decorator: adds set_defaults/get_defaults/reset_defaults classmethods.

    After decorating, every new instance resolves parameters as:
        explicit arg  >  class-level user defaults  >  hardcoded default

    Usage::

        BrowserConfig.set_defaults(headless=False, viewport_width=1920)
        cfg = BrowserConfig()          # headless=False, viewport_width=1920
        cfg = BrowserConfig(headless=True)  # explicit wins → headless=True
    """
    original_init = cls.__init__
    sig = inspect.signature(original_init)
    param_names = [p for p in sig.parameters if p != "self"]
    valid_params = frozenset(param_names)

    @functools.wraps(original_init)
    def wrapped_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
        user_defaults = type(self)._user_defaults
        if user_defaults:
            # Determine which params the caller passed explicitly
            explicit = set(kwargs.keys())
            for i in range(len(args)):
                if i < len(param_names):
                    explicit.add(param_names[i])
            # Inject user defaults for non-explicit params
            for key, value in user_defaults.items():
                if key not in explicit:
                    kwargs[key] = copy.deepcopy(value)
        original_init(self, *args, **kwargs)

    cls.__init__ = wrapped_init
    cls._user_defaults = {}

    @classmethod
    def set_defaults(klass, **kwargs):
        """Set class-level default overrides for new instances.

        Args:
            **kwargs: Parameter names and their default values.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If any key is not a valid ``__init__`` parameter.
        """
        invalid = set(kwargs) - valid_params
        if invalid:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Invalid parameter(s) for {klass.__name__}: {invalid}"
            )
        for k, v in kwargs.items():
            klass._user_defaults[k] = copy.deepcopy(v)

    @classmethod
    def get_defaults(klass):
        """Return a deep copy of the current class-level defaults."""
        return copy.deepcopy(klass._user_defaults)

    @classmethod
    def reset_defaults(klass, *names):
        """Clear class-level defaults.

        With no arguments, removes all overrides.
        With arguments, removes only the named overrides.
        """
        if names:
            for n in names:
                klass._user_defaults.pop(n, None)
        else:
            klass._user_defaults.clear()

    cls.set_defaults = set_defaults
    cls.get_defaults = get_defaults
    cls.reset_defaults = reset_defaults
    return cls


class MatchMode(Enum):
    OR = "or"
    AND = "and"

# from .proxy_strategy import ProxyConfig

# Allowlist of types that can be deserialized via from_serializable_dict().
# This prevents arbitrary class instantiation from untrusted input (e.g. API requests).
ALLOWED_DESERIALIZE_TYPES = {
    # Config classes
    "BrowserConfig", "CrawlerRunConfig", "HTTPCrawlerConfig",
    "LLMConfig", "ProxyConfig", "GeolocationConfig",
    "SeedingConfig", "VirtualScrollConfig", "LinkPreviewConfig", "DomainMapperConfig",
    # Extraction strategies
    "JsonCssExtractionStrategy", "JsonXPathExtractionStrategy",
    "JsonLxmlExtractionStrategy", "LLMExtractionStrategy",
    "CosineStrategy", "RegexExtractionStrategy",
    # Markdown / content
    "DefaultMarkdownGenerator",
    "PruningContentFilter", "BM25ContentFilter", "LLMContentFilter",
    # Scraping
    "LXMLWebScrapingStrategy", "PDFContentScrapingStrategy",
    # Chunking
    "RegexChunking",
    # Deep crawl
    "BFSDeepCrawlStrategy", "DFSDeepCrawlStrategy", "BestFirstCrawlingStrategy",
    # Filters & scorers
    "FilterChain", "URLPatternFilter", "DomainFilter",
    "ContentTypeFilter", "URLFilter", "SEOFilter", "ContentRelevanceFilter",
    "KeywordRelevanceScorer", "URLScorer", "CompositeScorer",
    "DomainAuthorityScorer", "FreshnessScorer", "PathDepthScorer",
    # Enums
    "CacheMode", "MatchMode", "DisplayMode",
    # Dispatchers
    "MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher", "SemaphoreDispatcher",
    # Table extraction
    "DefaultTableExtraction", "NoTableExtraction", "LLMTableExtraction",
    # Proxy
    "RoundRobinProxyStrategy",
}


def to_serializable_dict(obj: Any, ignore_default_value : bool = False):
    """
    Recursively convert an object to a serializable dictionary using {type, params} structure
    for complex objects.
    """
    if obj is None:
        return None

    # Handle basic types
    if isinstance(obj, (str, int, float, bool)):
        return obj

    # Handle Enum
    if isinstance(obj, Enum):
        return {"type": obj.__class__.__name__, "params": obj.value}

    # Handle datetime objects
    if hasattr(obj, "isoformat"):
        return obj.isoformat()

    # Handle lists, tuples, and sets, and basically any iterable
    if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple, set)) or hasattr(obj, '__iter__') and not isinstance(obj, dict):
        return [to_serializable_dict(item) for item in obj]

    # Handle frozensets, which are not iterable
    if isinstance(obj, frozenset):
        return [to_serializable_dict(item) for item in list(obj)]

    # Handle dictionaries - preserve them as-is
    if isinstance(obj, dict):
        return {
            "type": "dict",  # Mark as plain dictionary
            "value": {str(k): to_serializable_dict(v) for k, v in obj.items()},
        }

    _type = obj.__class__.__name__

    # Handle class instances
    if hasattr(obj, "__class__"):
        # Skip types that cannot be deserialized (e.g. logging.Logger, callables).
        # Only serialize objects whose type is in ALLOWED_DESERIALIZE_TYPES so that
        # from_serializable_dict can reconstruct them on the other side.
        if _type not in ALLOWED_DESERIALIZE_TYPES:
            return None

        # Get constructor signature
        sig = inspect.signature(obj.__class__.__init__)
        params = sig.parameters

        # Get current values
        current_values = {}
        for name, param in params.items():
            if name == "self":
                continue

            value = getattr(obj, name, param.default)

            # Only include if different from default, considering empty values
            if not (is_empty_value(value) and is_empty_value(param.default)):
                if value != param.default and not ignore_default_value:
                    current_values[name] = to_serializable_dict(value)
        
        # Don't serialize private __slots__ - they're internal implementation details
        # not constructor parameters. This was causing URLPatternFilter to fail
        # because _simple_suffixes was being serialized as 'simple_suffixes'
        # if hasattr(obj, '__slots__'):
        #     for slot in obj.__slots__:
        #         if slot.startswith('_'):  # Handle private slots
        #             attr_name = slot[1:]  # Remove leading '_'
        #             value = getattr(obj, slot, None)
        #             if value is not None:
        #                 current_values[attr_name] = to_serializable_dict(value)

        return {
            "type": obj.__class__.__name__,
            "params": current_values
        }
        
    return str(obj)


def from_serializable_dict(data: Any) -> Any:
    """
    Recursively convert a serializable dictionary back to an object instance.
    """
    if data is None:
        return None

    # Handle basic types
    if isinstance(data, (str, int, float, bool)):
        return data

    # Handle typed data.
    # Only enter the typed-object path for dicts that match the shapes produced
    # by to_serializable_dict(): {"type": "<ClassName>", "params": {...}} or
    # {"type": "dict", "value": {...}}.  Plain business dicts that happen to
    # carry a "type" key (e.g. JSON-Schema fragments, JsonCss field specs like
    # {"type": "text", "name": "..."}) have neither "params" nor "value" and
    # must fall through to the raw-dict path below so they are passed as data.
    if (
        isinstance(data, dict)
        and "type" in data
        and ("params" in data or (data["type"] == "dict" and "value" in data))
    ):
        # Handle plain dictionaries
        if data["type"] == "dict" and "value" in data:
            return {k: from_serializable_dict(v) for k, v in data["value"].items()}

        # Security: only allow known-safe types to be deserialized.
        # Unknown types (e.g. logging.Logger serialized by older clients) are
        # silently dropped (returned as None) instead of crashing the request.
        type_name = data["type"]
        if type_name not in ALLOWED_DESERIALIZE_TYPES:
            return None

        cls = None
        module_paths = ["crawl4ai"]
        for module_path in module_paths:
            try:
                mod = importlib.import_module(module_path)
                if hasattr(mod, type_name):
                    cls = getattr(mod, type_name)
                    break
            except (ImportError, AttributeError):
                continue

        if cls is not None:
            # Handle Enum
            if issubclass(cls, Enum):
                return cls(data["params"])

            if "params" in data:
                # Handle class instances
                constructor_args = {
                    k: from_serializable_dict(v) for k, v in data["params"].items()
                }
                return cls(**constructor_args)

    # Handle lists
    if isinstance(data, list):
        return [from_serializable_dict(item) for item in data]

    # Handle raw dictionaries (legacy support)
    if isinstance(data, dict):
        return {k: from_serializable_dict(v) for k, v in data.items()}

    return data


def is_empty_value(value: Any) -> bool:
    """Check if a value is effectively empty/null."""
    if value is None:
        return True
    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set, dict, str)) and len(value) == 0:
        return True
    return False

class GeolocationConfig:
    def __init__(
        self,
        latitude: float,
        longitude: float,
        accuracy: Optional[float] = 0.0
    ):
        """Configuration class for geolocation settings.
        
        Args:
            latitude: Latitude coordinate (e.g., 37.7749)
            longitude: Longitude coordinate (e.g., -122.4194)
            accuracy: Accuracy in meters. Default: 0.0
        """
        self.latitude = latitude
        self.longitude = longitude
        self.accuracy = accuracy
    
    @staticmethod
    def from_dict(geo_dict: Dict) -> "GeolocationConfig":
        """Create a GeolocationConfig from a dictionary."""
        return GeolocationConfig(
            latitude=geo_dict.get("latitude"),
            longitude=geo_dict.get("longitude"),
            accuracy=geo_dict.get("accuracy", 0.0)
        )
    
    def to_dict(self) -> Dict:
        """Convert to dictionary representation."""
        return {
            "latitude": self.latitude,
            "longitude": self.longitude,
            "accuracy": self.accuracy
        }
    
    def clone(self, **kwargs) -> "GeolocationConfig":
        """Create a copy of this configuration with updated values.

        Args:
            **kwargs: Key-value pairs of configuration options to update

        Returns:
            GeolocationConfig: A new instance with the specified updates
        """
        config_dict = self.to_dict()
        config_dict.update(kwargs)
        return GeolocationConfig.from_dict(config_dict)

class ProxyConfig:
    DIRECT = "direct"  # Sentinel: use in proxy_config list to mean "no proxy"

    def __init__(
        self,
        server: str,
        username: Optional[str] = None,
        password: Optional[str] = None,
        ip: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """Configuration class for a single proxy.

        Args:
            server: Proxy server URL (e.g., "http://127.0.0.1:8080")
            username: Optional username for proxy authentication
            password: Optional password for proxy authentication
            ip: Optional IP address for verification purposes
        """
        self.server = server
        self.username = username
        self.password = password

        # Extract IP from server if not explicitly provided
        self.ip = ip or self._extract_ip_from_server()
    
    def _extract_ip_from_server(self) -> Optional[str]:
        """Extract IP address from server URL."""
        try:
            # Simple extraction assuming http://ip:port format
            if "://" in self.server:
                parts = self.server.split("://")[1].split(":")
                return parts[0]
            else:
                parts = self.server.split(":")
                return parts[0]
        except Exception:
            return None
    
    @staticmethod
    def from_string(proxy_str: str) -> "ProxyConfig":
        """Create a ProxyConfig from a string.

        Supported formats:
        - 'http://username:password@ip:port'
        - 'http://ip:port'
        - 'socks5://ip:port'
        - 'ip:port:username:password'
        - 'ip:port'
        """
        s = (proxy_str or "").strip()
        # URL with credentials
        if "@" in s and "://" in s:
            auth_part, server_part = s.split("@", 1)
            protocol, credentials = auth_part.split("://", 1)
            if ":" in credentials:
                username, password = credentials.split(":", 1)
                return ProxyConfig(
                    server=f"{protocol}://{server_part}",
                    username=username,
                    password=password,
                )
        # URL without credentials (keep scheme)
        if "://" in s and "@" not in s:
            return ProxyConfig(server=s)
        # Colon separated forms
        parts = s.split(":")
        if len(parts) == 4:
            ip, port, username, password = parts
            return ProxyConfig(server=f"http://{ip}:{port}", username=username, password=password)
        if len(parts) == 2:
            ip, port = parts
            return ProxyConfig(server=f"http://{ip}:{port}")
        raise ValueError(f"Invalid proxy string format: {proxy_str}")
    
    @staticmethod
    def from_dict(proxy_dict: Dict) -> "ProxyConfig":
        """Create a ProxyConfig from a dictionary."""
        return ProxyConfig(
            server=proxy_dict.get("server"),
            username=proxy_dict.get("username"),
            password=proxy_dict.get("password"),
            ip=proxy_dict.get("ip"),
        )
    
    @staticmethod
    def from_env(env_var: str = "PROXIES") -> List["ProxyConfig"]:
        """Load proxies from environment variable.
        
        Args:
            env_var: Name of environment variable containing comma-separated proxy strings
            
        Returns:
            List of ProxyConfig objects
        """
        proxies = []
        try:
            proxy_list = os.getenv(env_var, "").split(",")
            for proxy in proxy_list:
                if not proxy:
                    continue
                proxies.append(ProxyConfig.from_string(proxy))
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error loading proxies from environment: {e}")
        return proxies
    
    def to_dict(self) -> Dict:
        """Convert to dictionary representation."""
        return {
            "server": self.server,
            "username": self.username,
            "password": self.password,
            "ip": self.ip,
        }
    
    def clone(self, **kwargs) -> "ProxyConfig":
        """Create a copy of this configuration with updated values.

        Args:
            **kwargs: Key-value pairs of configuration options to update

        Returns:
            ProxyConfig: A new instance with the specified updates
        """
        config_dict = self.to_dict()
        config_dict.update(kwargs)
        return ProxyConfig.from_dict(config_dict)

@_with_defaults
class BrowserConfig:
    """
    Configuration class for setting up a browser instance and its context in AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy.

    This class centralizes all parameters that affect browser and context creation. Instead of passing
    scattered keyword arguments, users can instantiate and modify this configuration object. The crawler
    code will then reference these settings to initialize the browser in a consistent, documented manner.

    Attributes:
        browser_type (str): The type of browser to launch. Supported values: "chromium", "firefox", "webkit".
                            Default: "chromium".
        headless (bool): Whether to run the browser in headless mode (no visible GUI).
                         Default: True.
        browser_mode (str): Determines how the browser should be initialized:
                           "builtin" - use the builtin CDP browser running in background
                           "dedicated" - create a new dedicated browser instance each time
                           "cdp" - use explicit CDP settings provided in cdp_url
                           "docker" - run browser in Docker container with isolation
                           Default: "dedicated"
        use_managed_browser (bool): Launch the browser using a managed approach (e.g., via CDP), allowing
                                    advanced manipulation. Default: False.
        cdp_url (str): URL for the Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) endpoint. Default: "ws://localhost:9222/devtools/browser/".
        browser_context_id (str or None): Pre-existing CDP browser context ID to use. When provided along with
                                          cdp_url, the crawler will reuse this context instead of creating a new one.
                                          Useful for cloud browser services that pre-create isolated contexts.
                                          Default: None.
        target_id (str or None): Pre-existing CDP target ID (page) to use. When provided along with
                                 browser_context_id, the crawler will reuse this target instead of creating
                                 a new page. Default: None.
        cdp_cleanup_on_close (bool): When True and using cdp_url, the close() method will still clean up
                                     the local Playwright client resources. Useful for cloud/server scenarios
                                     where you don't own the remote browser but need to prevent memory leaks
                                     from accumulated Playwright instances. Default: False.
        cdp_close_delay (float): Seconds to wait after disconnecting a CDP WebSocket before stopping the
                                 Playwright subprocess. Gives the connection time to fully release. Set to
                                 0 to skip the delay entirely. Only applies when cdp_cleanup_on_close=True.
                                 Default: 1.0.
        cache_cdp_connection (bool): When True and using cdp_url, the Playwright subprocess and CDP WebSocket
                                     are cached at the class level and shared across multiple BrowserManager
                                     instances connecting to the same cdp_url. Reference-counted; the connection
                                     is only closed when the last user releases it. Eliminates the overhead of
                                     repeated Playwright/CDP setup and teardown. Default: False.
        create_isolated_context (bool): When True and using cdp_url, forces creation of a new browser context
                                        instead of reusing the default context. Essential for concurrent crawls
                                        on the same browser to prevent navigation conflicts. Default: False.
        debugging_port (int): Port for the browser debugging protocol. Default: 9222.
        use_persistent_context (bool): Use a persistent browser context (like a persistent profile).
                                       Automatically sets use_managed_browser=True. Default: False.
        user_data_dir (str or None): Path to a user data directory for persistent sessions. If None, a
                                     temporary directory may be used. Default: None.
        chrome_channel (str): The Chrome channel to launch (e.g., "chrome", "msedge"). Only applies if browser_type
                              is "chromium". Default: "chromium".
        channel (str): The channel to launch (e.g., "chromium", "chrome", "msedge"). Only applies if browser_type
                              is "chromium". Default: "chromium".
        proxy (Optional[str]): Proxy server URL (e.g., "http://username:password@proxy:port"). If None, no proxy is used.
                             Default: None.
        proxy_config (ProxyConfig or dict or None): Detailed proxy configuration, e.g. {"server": "...", "username": "..."}.
                                     If None, no additional proxy config. Default: None.
        viewport_width (int): Default viewport width for pages. Default: 1080.
        viewport_height (int): Default viewport height for pages. Default: 600.
        viewport (dict): Default viewport dimensions for pages. If set, overrides viewport_width and viewport_height.
                         Default: None.
        device_scale_factor (float): The device pixel ratio used for rendering pages. Controls how many
                                     physical pixels map to one CSS pixel, allowing simulation of HiDPI
                                     or Retina displays. For example, a viewport of 1920x1080 with a
                                     device_scale_factor of 2.0 produces screenshots at 3840x2160 resolution.
                                     Increasing this value improves screenshot quality but may increase
                                     memory usage and rendering time.
                                     Default: 1.0.
        verbose (bool): Enable verbose logging.
                        Default: True.
        accept_downloads (bool): Whether to allow file downloads. If True, requires a downloads_path.
                                 Default: False.
        downloads_path (str or None): Directory to store downloaded files. If None and accept_downloads is True,
                                      a default path will be created. Default: None.
        storage_state (str or dict or None): An in-memory storage state (cookies, localStorage).
                                             Default: None.
        ignore_https_errors (bool): Ignore HTTPS certificate errors. Default: True.
        java_script_enabled (bool): Enable JavaScript execution in pages. Default: True.
        cookies (list): List of cookies to add to the browser context. Each cookie is a dict with fields like
                        {"name": "...", "value": "...", "url": "..."}.
                        Default: [].
        headers (dict): Extra HTTP headers to apply to all requests in this context.
                        Default: {}.
        user_agent (str): Custom User-Agent string to use. Default: "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) "
                           "AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36".
        user_agent_mode (str or None): Mode for generating the user agent (e.g., "random"). If None, use the provided
                                       user_agent as-is. Default: None.
        user_agent_generator_config (dict or None): Configuration for user agent generation if user_agent_mode is set.
                                                    Default: None.
        text_mode (bool): If True, disables images and other rich content for potentially faster load times.
                          Default: False.
        light_mode (bool): Disables certain background features for performance gains. Default: False.
        extra_args (list): Additional command-line arguments passed to the browser.
                           Default: [].
        enable_stealth (bool): If True, applies playwright-stealth to bypass basic bot detection.
                              Cannot be used with use_undetected browser mode. Default: False.
        memory_saving_mode (bool): If True, adds aggressive cache discard and V8 heap cap flags
                                   to reduce Chromium memory growth. Recommended for high-volume
                                   crawling (1000+ pages). May slightly reduce performance due to
                                   cache eviction. Default: False.
        max_pages_before_recycle (int): Number of pages to crawl before recycling the browser
                                        process to reclaim leaked memory. 0 = disabled.
                                        Recommended: 500-1000 for long-running crawlers.
                                        Default: 0.
        avoid_ads (bool): If True, blocks ad-related and tracker network requests at the
                          browser context level using a curated blocklist of top ad/tracker
                          domains. Default: False.
        avoid_css (bool): If True, blocks loading of CSS files (css, less, scss, sass) to
                          reduce resource usage and speed up crawling. Default: False.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        browser_type: str = "chromium",
        headless: bool = True,
        browser_mode: str = "dedicated",
        use_managed_browser: bool = False,
        cdp_url: str = None,
        browser_context_id: str = None,
        target_id: str = None,
        cdp_cleanup_on_close: bool = False,
        cdp_close_delay: float = 1.0,
        cache_cdp_connection: bool = False,
        create_isolated_context: bool = False,
        use_persistent_context: bool = False,
        user_data_dir: str = None,
        chrome_channel: str = "chromium",
        channel: str = "chromium",
        proxy: str = None,
        proxy_config: Union[ProxyConfig, dict, None] = None,
        viewport_width: int = 1080,
        viewport_height: int = 600,
        viewport: dict = None,
        device_scale_factor: float = 1.0,
        accept_downloads: bool = False,
        downloads_path: str = None,
        storage_state: Union[str, dict, None] = None,
        ignore_https_errors: bool = True,
        java_script_enabled: bool = True,
        sleep_on_close: bool = False,
        verbose: bool = True,
        cookies: list = None,
        headers: dict = None,
        user_agent: str = (
            # "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:109.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
            # "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
            # "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.5845.187 Safari/604.1 Edg/117.0.2045.47"
            "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 Chrome/116.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
        ),
        user_agent_mode: str = "",
        user_agent_generator_config: dict = {},
        text_mode: bool = False,
        light_mode: bool = False,
        extra_args: list = None,
        debugging_port: int = 9222,
        host: str = "localhost",
        enable_stealth: bool = False,
        avoid_ads: bool = False,
        avoid_css: bool = False,
        init_scripts: List[str] = None,
        memory_saving_mode: bool = False,
        max_pages_before_recycle: int = 0,
    ):
        
        self.browser_type = browser_type
        self.headless = headless
        self.browser_mode = browser_mode
        self.use_managed_browser = use_managed_browser
        self.cdp_url = cdp_url
        self.browser_context_id = browser_context_id
        self.target_id = target_id
        self.cdp_cleanup_on_close = cdp_cleanup_on_close
        self.cdp_close_delay = cdp_close_delay
        self.cache_cdp_connection = cache_cdp_connection
        self.create_isolated_context = create_isolated_context
        self.use_persistent_context = use_persistent_context
        self.user_data_dir = user_data_dir
        self.chrome_channel = chrome_channel or self.browser_type or "chromium"
        self.channel = channel or self.browser_type or "chromium"
        if self.browser_type in ["firefox", "webkit"]:
            self.channel = ""
            self.chrome_channel = ""
        if proxy:
            warnings.warn("The 'proxy' parameter is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use 'proxy_config' instead.", UserWarning)
        self.proxy = proxy
        self.proxy_config = proxy_config
        if isinstance(self.proxy_config, dict):
            self.proxy_config = ProxyConfig.from_dict(self.proxy_config)
        if isinstance(self.proxy_config, str):
            self.proxy_config = ProxyConfig.from_string(self.proxy_config)
        
        if self.proxy and self.proxy_config:
            warnings.warn("Both 'proxy' and 'proxy_config' are provided. 'proxy_config' will take precedence.", UserWarning)
            self.proxy = None
        elif self.proxy:
            # Convert proxy string to ProxyConfig if proxy_config is not provided
            self.proxy_config = ProxyConfig.from_string(self.proxy)
            self.proxy = None

        self.viewport_width = viewport_width
        self.viewport_height = viewport_height
        self.viewport = viewport
        if self.viewport is not None:
            self.viewport_width = self.viewport.get("width", 1080)
            self.viewport_height = self.viewport.get("height", 600)
        self.device_scale_factor = device_scale_factor
        self.accept_downloads = accept_downloads
        self.downloads_path = downloads_path
        self.storage_state = storage_state
        self.ignore_https_errors = ignore_https_errors
        self.java_script_enabled = java_script_enabled
        self.cookies = cookies if cookies is not None else []
        self.headers = headers if headers is not None else {}
        self.user_agent = user_agent
        self.user_agent_mode = user_agent_mode
        self.user_agent_generator_config = user_agent_generator_config
        self.text_mode = text_mode
        self.light_mode = light_mode
        self.extra_args = extra_args if extra_args is not None else []
        self.sleep_on_close = sleep_on_close
        self.verbose = verbose
        self.debugging_port = debugging_port
        self.host = host
        self.enable_stealth = enable_stealth
        self.avoid_ads = avoid_ads
        self.avoid_css = avoid_css
        self.init_scripts = init_scripts if init_scripts is not None else []
        self.memory_saving_mode = memory_saving_mode
        self.max_pages_before_recycle = max_pages_before_recycle

        fa_user_agenr_generator = ValidUAGenerator()
        if self.user_agent_mode == "random":
            self.user_agent = fa_user_agenr_generator.generate(
                **(self.user_agent_generator_config or {})
            )
        else:
            pass

        self.browser_hint = UAGen.generate_client_hints(self.user_agent)
        self.headers.setdefault("sec-ch-ua", self.browser_hint)

        # Set appropriate browser management flags based on browser_mode
        if self.browser_mode == "builtin":
            # Builtin mode uses managed browser connecting to builtin CDP endpoint
            self.use_managed_browser = True
            # cdp_url will be set later by browser_manager
        elif self.browser_mode == "docker":
            # Docker mode uses managed browser with CDP to connect to browser in container
            self.use_managed_browser = True
            # cdp_url will be set later by docker browser strategy
        elif self.browser_mode == "custom" and self.cdp_url:
            # Custom mode with explicit CDP URL
            self.use_managed_browser = True
        elif self.browser_mode == "dedicated":
            # Dedicated mode uses a new browser instance each time
            pass

        # If persistent context is requested, ensure managed browser is enabled
        if self.use_persistent_context:
            self.use_managed_browser = True
            
        # Validate stealth configuration
        if self.enable_stealth and self.use_managed_browser and self.browser_mode == "builtin":
            raise ValueError(
                "enable_stealth cannot be used with browser_mode='builtin'. "
                "Stealth mode requires a dedicated browser instance."
            )

    @staticmethod
    def from_kwargs(kwargs: dict) -> "BrowserConfig":
        # Auto-deserialize any dict values that use the {"type": ..., "params": ...}
        # serialization format (e.g. from JSON API requests or dump()/load() roundtrips).
        kwargs = {
            k: from_serializable_dict(v) if isinstance(v, dict) and "type" in v else v
            for k, v in kwargs.items()
        }
        # Only pass keys present in kwargs so that __init__ defaults (and
        # set_defaults() overrides) are respected for missing keys.
        valid = inspect.signature(BrowserConfig.__init__).parameters.keys() - {"self"}
        return BrowserConfig(**{k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k in valid})

    def to_dict(self):
        result = {
            "browser_type": self.browser_type,
            "headless": self.headless,
            "browser_mode": self.browser_mode,
            "use_managed_browser": self.use_managed_browser,
            "cdp_url": self.cdp_url,
            "browser_context_id": self.browser_context_id,
            "target_id": self.target_id,
            "cdp_cleanup_on_close": self.cdp_cleanup_on_close,
            "create_isolated_context": self.create_isolated_context,
            "use_persistent_context": self.use_persistent_context,
            "user_data_dir": self.user_data_dir,
            "chrome_channel": self.chrome_channel,
            "channel": self.channel,
            "proxy": self.proxy,
            "proxy_config": self.proxy_config.to_dict() if hasattr(self.proxy_config, 'to_dict') else self.proxy_config,
            "viewport_width": self.viewport_width,
            "viewport_height": self.viewport_height,
            "device_scale_factor": self.device_scale_factor,
            "accept_downloads": self.accept_downloads,
            "downloads_path": self.downloads_path,
            "storage_state": self.storage_state,
            "ignore_https_errors": self.ignore_https_errors,
            "java_script_enabled": self.java_script_enabled,
            "cookies": self.cookies,
            "headers": self.headers,
            "user_agent": self.user_agent,
            "user_agent_mode": self.user_agent_mode,
            "user_agent_generator_config": self.user_agent_generator_config,
            "text_mode": self.text_mode,
            "light_mode": self.light_mode,
            "extra_args": self.extra_args,
            "sleep_on_close": self.sleep_on_close,
            "verbose": self.verbose,
            "debugging_port": self.debugging_port,
            "host": self.host,
            "enable_stealth": self.enable_stealth,
            "avoid_ads": self.avoid_ads,
            "avoid_css": self.avoid_css,
            "init_scripts": self.init_scripts,
            "memory_saving_mode": self.memory_saving_mode,
            "max_pages_before_recycle": self.max_pages_before_recycle,
        }


        return result

    def clone(self, **kwargs):
        """Create a copy of this configuration with updated values.

        Args:
            **kwargs: Key-value pairs of configuration options to update

        Returns:
            BrowserConfig: A new instance with the specified updates
        """
        config_dict = self.to_dict()
        config_dict.update(kwargs)
        return BrowserConfig.from_kwargs(config_dict)

    # Create a funciton returns dict of the object
    def dump(self) -> dict:
        # Serialize the object to a dictionary
        return to_serializable_dict(self)

    @staticmethod
    def load(data: dict) -> "BrowserConfig":
        # Deserialize the object from a dictionary
        config = from_serializable_dict(data)
        if isinstance(config, BrowserConfig):
            return config
        return BrowserConfig.from_kwargs(config)

    def set_nstproxy(
        self,
        token: str,
        channel_id: str,
        country: str = "ANY",
        state: str = "",
        city: str = "",
        protocol: str = "http",
        session_duration: int = 10,
    ):
        """
        Fetch a proxy from NSTProxy API and automatically assign it to proxy_config.

        Get your NSTProxy token from: https://app.nstproxy.com/profile

        Args:
            token (str): NSTProxy API token.
            channel_id (str): NSTProxy channel ID.
            country (str, optional): Country code (default: "ANY").
            state (str, optional): State code (default: "").
            city (str, optional): City name (default: "").
            protocol (str, optional): Proxy protocol ("http" or "socks5"). Defaults to "http".
            session_duration (int, optional): Session duration in minutes (0 = rotate each request). Defaults to 10.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the API response format is invalid.
            PermissionError: If the API returns an error message.
        """

        # --- Validate input early ---
        if not token or not channel_id:
            raise ValueError("[NSTProxy] token and channel_id are required")

        if protocol not in ("http", "socks5"):
            raise ValueError(f"[NSTProxy] Invalid protocol: {protocol}")

        # --- Build NSTProxy API URL ---
        params = {
            "fType": 2,
            "count": 1,
            "channelId": channel_id,
            "country": country,
            "protocol": protocol,
            "sessionDuration": session_duration,
            "token": token,
        }
        if state:
            params["state"] = state
        if city:
            params["city"] = city

        url = "https://api.nstproxy.com/api/v1/generate/apiproxies"

        try:
            response = requests.get(url, params=params, timeout=10)
            response.raise_for_status()

            data = response.json()

            # --- Handle API error response ---
            if isinstance(data, dict) and data.get("err"):
                raise PermissionError(f"[NSTProxy] API Error: {data.get('msg', 'Unknown error')}")

            if not isinstance(data, list) or not data:
                raise ValueError("[NSTProxy] Invalid API response — expected a non-empty list")

            proxy_info = data[0]

            # --- Apply proxy config ---
            self.proxy_config = ProxyConfig(
                server=f"{protocol}://{proxy_info['ip']}:{proxy_info['port']}",
                username=proxy_info["username"],
                password=proxy_info["password"],
            )

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"[NSTProxy] ❌ Failed to set proxy: {e}")
            raise

class VirtualScrollConfig:
    """Configuration for virtual scroll handling.
    
    This config enables capturing content from pages with virtualized scrolling
    (like Twitter, Instagram feeds) where DOM elements are recycled as user scrolls.
    """
    
    def __init__(
        self,
        container_selector: str,
        scroll_count: int = 10,
        scroll_by: Union[str, int] = "container_height",
        wait_after_scroll: float = 0.5,
    ):
        """
        Initialize virtual scroll configuration.
        
        Args:
            container_selector: CSS selector for the scrollable container
            scroll_count: Maximum number of scrolls to perform
            scroll_by: Amount to scroll - can be:
                - "container_height": scroll by container's height
                - "page_height": scroll by viewport height  
                - int: fixed pixel amount
            wait_after_scroll: Seconds to wait after each scroll for content to load
        """
        self.container_selector = container_selector
        self.scroll_count = scroll_count
        self.scroll_by = scroll_by
        self.wait_after_scroll = wait_after_scroll
    
    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
        """Convert to dictionary for serialization."""
        return {
            "container_selector": self.container_selector,
            "scroll_count": self.scroll_count,
            "scroll_by": self.scroll_by,
            "wait_after_scroll": self.wait_after_scroll,
        }
    
    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, data: dict) -> "VirtualScrollConfig":
        """Create instance from dictionary."""
        return cls(**data)

class LinkPreviewConfig:
    """Configuration for link head extraction and scoring."""
    
    def __init__(
        self,
        include_internal: bool = True,
        include_external: bool = False,
        include_patterns: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        exclude_patterns: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        concurrency: int = 10,
        timeout: int = 5,
        max_links: int = 100,
        query: Optional[str] = None,
        score_threshold: Optional[float] = None,
        verbose: bool = False
    ):
        """
        Initialize link extraction configuration.
        
        Args:
            include_internal: Whether to include same-domain links
            include_external: Whether to include different-domain links  
            include_patterns: List of glob patterns to include (e.g., ["*/docs/*", "*/api/*"])
            exclude_patterns: List of glob patterns to exclude (e.g., ["*/login*", "*/admin*"])
            concurrency: Number of links to process simultaneously
            timeout: Timeout in seconds for each link's head extraction
            max_links: Maximum number of links to process (prevents overload)
            query: Query string for BM25 contextual scoring (optional)
            score_threshold: Minimum relevance score to include links (0.0-1.0, optional)
            verbose: Show detailed progress during extraction
        """
        self.include_internal = include_internal
        self.include_external = include_external
        self.include_patterns = include_patterns
        self.exclude_patterns = exclude_patterns
        self.concurrency = concurrency
        self.timeout = timeout
        self.max_links = max_links
        self.query = query
        self.score_threshold = score_threshold
        self.verbose = verbose
        
        # Validation
        if concurrency <= 0:
            raise ValueError("concurrency must be positive")
        if timeout <= 0:
            raise ValueError("timeout must be positive")
        if max_links <= 0:
            raise ValueError("max_links must be positive")
        if score_threshold is not None and not (0.0 <= score_threshold <= 1.0):
            raise ValueError("score_threshold must be between 0.0 and 1.0")
        if not include_internal and not include_external:
            raise ValueError("At least one of include_internal or include_external must be True")
    
    @staticmethod
    def from_dict(config_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> "LinkPreviewConfig":
        """Create LinkPreviewConfig from dictionary (for backward compatibility)."""
        if not config_dict:
            return None
        
        return LinkPreviewConfig(
            include_internal=config_dict.get("include_internal", True),
            include_external=config_dict.get("include_external", False),
            include_patterns=config_dict.get("include_patterns"),
            exclude_patterns=config_dict.get("exclude_patterns"),
            concurrency=config_dict.get("concurrency", 10),
            timeout=config_dict.get("timeout", 5),
            max_links=config_dict.get("max_links", 100),
            query=config_dict.get("query"),
            score_threshold=config_dict.get("score_threshold"),
            verbose=config_dict.get("verbose", False)
        )
    
    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Convert to dictionary format."""
        return {
            "include_internal": self.include_internal,
            "include_external": self.include_external,
            "include_patterns": self.include_patterns,
            "exclude_patterns": self.exclude_patterns,
            "concurrency": self.concurrency,
            "timeout": self.timeout,
            "max_links": self.max_links,
            "query": self.query,
            "score_threshold": self.score_threshold,
            "verbose": self.verbose
        }
    
    def clone(self, **kwargs) -> "LinkPreviewConfig":
        """Create a copy with updated values."""
        config_dict = self.to_dict()
        config_dict.update(kwargs)
        return LinkPreviewConfig.from_dict(config_dict)


class HTTPCrawlerConfig:
    """HTTP-specific crawler configuration"""

    method: str = "GET"
    headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None
    data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
    json: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
    follow_redirects: bool = True
    verify_ssl: bool = True
    downloads_path: Optional[str] = None

    def __init__(
        self,
        method: str = "GET",
        headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
        data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        json: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        follow_redirects: bool = True,
        verify_ssl: bool = True,
        downloads_path: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        self.method = method
        self.headers = headers
        self.data = data
        self.json = json
        self.follow_redirects = follow_redirects
        self.verify_ssl = verify_ssl
        self.downloads_path = downloads_path

    @staticmethod
    def from_kwargs(kwargs: dict) -> "HTTPCrawlerConfig":
        return HTTPCrawlerConfig(
            method=kwargs.get("method", "GET"),
            headers=kwargs.get("headers"),
            data=kwargs.get("data"),
            json=kwargs.get("json"),
            follow_redirects=kwargs.get("follow_redirects", True),
            verify_ssl=kwargs.get("verify_ssl", True),
            downloads_path=kwargs.get("downloads_path"),
        )

    def to_dict(self):
        return {
            "method": self.method,
            "headers": self.headers,
            "data": self.data,
            "json": self.json,
            "follow_redirects": self.follow_redirects,
            "verify_ssl": self.verify_ssl,
            "downloads_path": self.downloads_path,
        }

    def clone(self, **kwargs):
        """Create a copy of this configuration with updated values.

        Args:
            **kwargs: Key-value pairs of configuration options to update

        Returns:
            HTTPCrawlerConfig: A new instance with the specified updates
        """
        config_dict = self.to_dict()
        config_dict.update(kwargs)
        return HTTPCrawlerConfig.from_kwargs(config_dict)

    def dump(self) -> dict:
        return to_serializable_dict(self)

    @staticmethod
    def load(data: dict) -> "HTTPCrawlerConfig":
        config = from_serializable_dict(data)
        if isinstance(config, HTTPCrawlerConfig):
            return config
        return HTTPCrawlerConfig.from_kwargs(config)

@_with_defaults
class CrawlerRunConfig():

    """
    Configuration class for controlling how the crawler runs each crawl operation.
    This includes parameters for content extraction, page manipulation, waiting conditions,
    caching, and other runtime behaviors.

    This centralizes parameters that were previously scattered as kwargs to `arun()` and related methods.
    By using this class, you have a single place to understand and adjust the crawling options.

    Attributes:
        # Deep Crawl Parameters
        deep_crawl_strategy (DeepCrawlStrategy or None): Strategy to use for deep crawling.

        # Content Processing Parameters
        word_count_threshold (int): Minimum word count threshold before processing content.
                                    Default: MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD (typically 200).
        extraction_strategy (ExtractionStrategy or None): Strategy to extract structured data from crawled pages.
                                                          Default: None (NoExtractionStrategy is used if None).
        chunking_strategy (ChunkingStrategy): Strategy to chunk content before extraction.
                                              Default: RegexChunking().
        markdown_generator (MarkdownGenerationStrategy): Strategy for generating markdown.
                                                         Default: None.
        only_text (bool): If True, attempt to extract text-only content where applicable.
                          Default: False.
        css_selector (str or None): CSS selector to extract a specific portion of the page.
                                    Default: None.
        
        target_elements (list of str or None): List of CSS selectors for specific elements for Markdown generation 
                                                and structured data extraction. When you set this, only the contents 
                                                of these elements are processed for extraction and Markdown generation. 
                                                If you do not set any value, the entire page is processed. 
                                                The difference between this and css_selector is that this will shrink 
                                                the initial raw HTML to the selected element, while this will only affect 
                                                the extraction and Markdown generation.
                                    Default: None
        excluded_tags (list of str or None): List of HTML tags to exclude from processing.
                                             Default: None.
        excluded_selector (str or None): CSS selector to exclude from processing.
                                         Default: None.
        keep_data_attributes (bool): If True, retain `data-*` attributes while removing unwanted attributes.
                                     Default: False.
        keep_attrs (list of str): List of HTML attributes to keep during processing.
                                      Default: [].
        remove_forms (bool): If True, remove all `<form>` elements from the HTML.
                             Default: False.
        prettiify (bool): If True, apply `fast_format_html` to produce prettified HTML output.
                          Default: False.
        parser_type (str): Type of parser to use for HTML parsing.
                           Default: "lxml".
        scraping_strategy (ContentScrapingStrategy): Scraping strategy to use.
                           Default: LXMLWebScrapingStrategy.
        proxy_config (ProxyConfig or dict or None): Detailed proxy configuration, e.g. {"server": "...", "username": "..."}.
                                     If None, no additional proxy config. Default: None.

        # Sticky Proxy Session Parameters
        proxy_session_id (str or None): When set, maintains the same proxy for all requests sharing this session ID.
                                        The proxy is acquired on first request and reused for subsequent requests.
                                        Session expires when explicitly released or crawler context is closed.
                                        Default: None.
        proxy_session_ttl (int or None): Time-to-live for sticky session in seconds.
                                         After TTL expires, a new proxy is acquired on next request.
                                         Default: None (session lasts until explicitly released or crawler closes).
        proxy_session_auto_release (bool): If True, automatically release the proxy session after a batch operation.
                                           Useful for arun_many() to clean up sessions automatically.
                                           Default: False.

        # Browser Location and Identity Parameters
        locale (str or None): Locale to use for the browser context (e.g., "en-US").
                             Default: None.
        timezone_id (str or None): Timezone identifier to use for the browser context (e.g., "America/New_York").
                                  Default: None.
        geolocation (GeolocationConfig or None): Geolocation configuration for the browser.
                                                Default: None.

        # SSL Parameters
        fetch_ssl_certificate: bool = False,
        # Caching Parameters
        cache_mode (CacheMode or None): Defines how caching is handled.
                                        If None, defaults to CacheMode.ENABLED internally.
                                        Default: CacheMode.BYPASS.
        session_id (str or None): Optional session ID to persist the browser context and the created
                                  page instance. If the ID already exists, the crawler does not
                                  create a new page and uses the current page to preserve the state.
        bypass_cache (bool): Legacy parameter, if True acts like CacheMode.BYPASS.
                             Default: False.
        disable_cache (bool): Legacy parameter, if True acts like CacheMode.DISABLED.
                              Default: False.
        no_cache_read (bool): Legacy parameter, if True acts like CacheMode.WRITE_ONLY.
                              Default: False.
        no_cache_write (bool): Legacy parameter, if True acts like CacheMode.READ_ONLY.
                               Default: False.
        shared_data (dict or None): Shared data to be passed between hooks.
                                     Default: None.

        # Cache Validation Parameters (Smart Cache)
        check_cache_freshness (bool): If True, validates cached content freshness using HTTP
                                      conditional requests (ETag/Last-Modified) and head fingerprinting
                                      before returning cached results. Avoids full browser crawls when
                                      content hasn't changed. Only applies when cache_mode allows reads.
                                      Default: False.
        cache_validation_timeout (float): Timeout in seconds for cache validation HTTP requests.
                                          Default: 10.0.

        # Page Navigation and Timing Parameters
        wait_until (str): The condition to wait for when navigating, e.g. "domcontentloaded".
                          Default: "domcontentloaded".
        page_timeout (int): Timeout in ms for page operations like navigation.
                            Default: 60000 (60 seconds).
        wait_for (str or None): A CSS selector or JS condition to wait for before extracting content.
                                Default: None.
        wait_for_timeout (int or None): Specific timeout in ms for the wait_for condition.
                                       If None, uses page_timeout instead.
                                       Default: None.
        wait_for_images (bool): If True, wait for images to load before extracting content.
                                Default: False.
        delay_before_return_html (float): Delay in seconds before retrieving final HTML.
                                          Default: 0.1.
        mean_delay (float): Mean base delay between requests when calling arun_many.
                            Default: 0.1.
        max_range (float): Max random additional delay range for requests in arun_many.
                           Default: 0.3.
        semaphore_count (int): Number of concurrent operations allowed.
                               Default: 5.

        # Page Interaction Parameters
        js_code (str or list of str or None): JavaScript code/snippets to run on the page
                                              after wait_for and delay_before_return_html.
                                              Default: None.
        js_code_before_wait (str or list of str or None): JavaScript to run BEFORE wait_for.
                                              Use for triggering loading that wait_for then checks.
                                              Default: None.
        js_only (bool): If True, indicates subsequent calls are JS-driven updates, not full page loads.
                        Default: False.
        ignore_body_visibility (bool): If True, ignore whether the body is visible before proceeding.
                                       Default: True.
        scan_full_page (bool): If True, scroll through the entire page to load all content.
                               Default: False.
        scroll_delay (float): Delay in seconds between scroll steps if scan_full_page is True.
                              Default: 0.2.
        max_scroll_steps (Optional[int]): Maximum number of scroll steps to perform during full page scan.
                                         If None, scrolls until the entire page is loaded. Default: None.
        process_iframes (bool): If True, attempts to process and inline iframe content.
                                Default: False.
        flatten_shadow_dom (bool): If True, flatten shadow DOM content into the light DOM
                                    before HTML capture so page.content() includes it.
                                    Also injects an init script to force-open closed shadow roots.
                                    Default: False.
        remove_overlay_elements (bool): If True, remove overlays/popups before extracting HTML.
                                        Default: False.
        remove_consent_popups (bool): If True, remove GDPR/cookie consent popups (IAB TCF/CMP)
                                      before extracting HTML. Targets known CMP providers like
                                      OneTrust, Cookiebot, TrustArc, Quantcast, Didomi, etc.
                                      Default: False.
        simulate_user (bool): If True, simulate user interactions (mouse moves, clicks) for anti-bot measures.
                              Default: False.
        override_navigator (bool): If True, overrides navigator properties for more human-like behavior.
                                   Default: False.
        magic (bool): If True, attempts automatic handling of overlays/popups.
                      Default: False.
        adjust_viewport_to_content (bool): If True, adjust viewport according to the page content dimensions.
                                           Default: False.

        # Media Handling Parameters
        screenshot (bool): Whether to take a screenshot after crawling.
                           Default: False.
        screenshot_wait_for (float or None): Additional wait time before taking a screenshot.
                                             Default: None.
        screenshot_height_threshold (int): Threshold for page height to decide screenshot strategy.
                                           Default: SCREENSHOT_HEIGHT_TRESHOLD (from config, e.g. 20000).
        force_viewport_screenshot (bool): If True, always take viewport-only screenshots regardless of page height.
                                          When False, uses automatic decision (viewport for short pages, full-page for long pages).
                                          Default: False.
        pdf (bool): Whether to generate a PDF of the page.
                    Default: False.
        image_description_min_word_threshold (int): Minimum words for image description extraction.
                                                    Default: IMAGE_DESCRIPTION_MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD (e.g., 50).
        image_score_threshold (int): Minimum score threshold for processing an image.
                                     Default: IMAGE_SCORE_THRESHOLD (e.g., 3).
        exclude_external_images (bool): If True, exclude all external images from processing.
                                         Default: False.
        table_score_threshold (int): Minimum score threshold for processing a table.
                                     Default: 7.
        table_extraction (TableExtractionStrategy): Strategy to use for table extraction.
                                     Default: DefaultTableExtraction with table_score_threshold.

        # Virtual Scroll Parameters
        virtual_scroll_config (VirtualScrollConfig or dict or None): Configuration for handling virtual scroll containers.
                                                                     Used for capturing content from pages with virtualized 
                                                                     scrolling (e.g., Twitter, Instagram feeds).
                                                                     Default: None.

        # Link and Domain Handling Parameters
        exclude_social_media_domains (list of str): List of domains to exclude for social media links.
                                                    Default: SOCIAL_MEDIA_DOMAINS (from config).
        exclude_external_links (bool): If True, exclude all external links from the results.
                                       Default: False.
        exclude_internal_links (bool): If True, exclude internal links from the results.
                                       Default: False.
        exclude_social_media_links (bool): If True, exclude links pointing to social media domains.
                                           Default: False.
        exclude_domains (list of str): List of specific domains to exclude from results.
                                       Default: [].
        exclude_internal_links (bool): If True, exclude internal links from the results.
                                       Default: False.
        score_links (bool): If True, calculate intrinsic quality scores for all links using URL structure,
                           text quality, and contextual relevance metrics. Separate from link_preview_config.
                           Default: False.

        # Debugging and Logging Parameters
        verbose (bool): Enable verbose logging.
                        Default: True.
        log_console (bool): If True, log console messages from the page.
                            Default: False.

        # HTTP Crwler Strategy Parameters
        method (str): HTTP method to use for the request, when using AsyncHTTPCrwalerStrategy.
                        Default: "GET".
        data (dict): Data to send in the request body, when using AsyncHTTPCrwalerStrategy.
                        Default: None.
        json (dict): JSON data to send in the request body, when using AsyncHTTPCrwalerStrategy.

        # Connection Parameters
        stream (bool): If True, enables streaming of crawled URLs as they are processed when used with arun_many.
                      Default: False.
        process_in_browser (bool): If True, forces raw:/file:// URLs to be processed through the browser
                                   pipeline (enabling js_code, wait_for, scrolling, etc.). When False (default),
                                   raw:/file:// URLs use a fast path that returns HTML directly without browser
                                   interaction. This is automatically enabled when browser-requiring parameters
                                   are detected (js_code, wait_for, screenshot, pdf, etc.).
                                   Default: False.

        check_robots_txt (bool): Whether to check robots.txt rules before crawling. Default: False
                                 Default: False.
        user_agent (str): Custom User-Agent string to use.
                          Default: None.
        user_agent_mode (str or None): Mode for generating the user agent (e.g., "random"). If None, use the provided user_agent as-is.
                                       Default: None.
        user_agent_generator_config (dict or None): Configuration for user agent generation if user_agent_mode is set.
                                                    Default: None.

        # Experimental Parameters
        experimental (dict): Dictionary containing experimental parameters that are in beta phase.
                            This allows passing temporary features that are not yet fully integrated 
                            into the main parameter set.
                            Default: None.

        url: str = None  # This is not a compulsory parameter
    """
    _UNWANTED_PROPS = {
        'disable_cache' : 'Instead, use cache_mode=CacheMode.DISABLED',
        'bypass_cache' : 'Instead, use cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS',
        'no_cache_read' : 'Instead, use cache_mode=CacheMode.WRITE_ONLY',
        'no_cache_write' : 'Instead, use cache_mode=CacheMode.READ_ONLY',
    }

    def __init__(
        self,
        # Content Processing Parameters
        word_count_threshold: int = MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
        extraction_strategy: ExtractionStrategy = None,
        chunking_strategy: ChunkingStrategy = RegexChunking(),
        markdown_generator: MarkdownGenerationStrategy = DefaultMarkdownGenerator(),
        only_text: bool = False,
        css_selector: str = None,
        target_elements: List[str] = None,
        excluded_tags: list = None,
        excluded_selector: str = None,
        keep_data_attributes: bool = False,
        keep_attrs: list = None,
        remove_forms: bool = False,
        prettiify: bool = False,
        parser_type: str = "lxml",
        scraping_strategy: ContentScrapingStrategy = None,
        proxy_config: Union["ProxyConfig", List["ProxyConfig"], dict, str, None] = None,
        proxy_rotation_strategy: Optional[ProxyRotationStrategy] = None,
        # Sticky Proxy Session Parameters
        proxy_session_id: Optional[str] = None,
        proxy_session_ttl: Optional[int] = None,
        proxy_session_auto_release: bool = False,
        # Browser Location and Identity Parameters
        locale: Optional[str] = None,
        timezone_id: Optional[str] = None,
        geolocation: Optional[GeolocationConfig] = None,
        # SSL Parameters
        fetch_ssl_certificate: bool = False,
        # Caching Parameters
        cache_mode: CacheMode = CacheMode.BYPASS,
        session_id: str = None,
        bypass_cache: bool = False,
        disable_cache: bool = False,
        no_cache_read: bool = False,
        no_cache_write: bool = False,
        shared_data: dict = None,
        # Cache Validation Parameters (Smart Cache)
        check_cache_freshness: bool = False,
        cache_validation_timeout: float = 10.0,
        # Page Navigation and Timing Parameters
        wait_until: str = "domcontentloaded",
        page_timeout: int = PAGE_TIMEOUT,
        wait_for: str = None,
        wait_for_timeout: int = None,
        wait_for_images: bool = False,
        delay_before_return_html: float = 0.1,
        mean_delay: float = 0.1,
        max_range: float = 0.3,
        semaphore_count: int = 5,
        # Page Interaction Parameters
        js_code: Union[str, List[str]] = None,
        js_code_before_wait: Union[str, List[str]] = None,
        c4a_script: Union[str, List[str]] = None,
        js_only: bool = False,
        ignore_body_visibility: bool = True,
        scan_full_page: bool = False,
        scroll_delay: float = 0.2,
        max_scroll_steps: Optional[int] = None,
        process_iframes: bool = False,
        flatten_shadow_dom: bool = False,
        remove_overlay_elements: bool = False,
        remove_consent_popups: bool = False,
        simulate_user: bool = False,
        override_navigator: bool = False,
        magic: bool = False,
        adjust_viewport_to_content: bool = False,
        # Media Handling Parameters
        screenshot: bool = False,
        screenshot_wait_for: float = None,
        screenshot_height_threshold: int = SCREENSHOT_HEIGHT_TRESHOLD,
        force_viewport_screenshot: bool = False,
        pdf: bool = False,
        capture_mhtml: bool = False,
        image_description_min_word_threshold: int = IMAGE_DESCRIPTION_MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
        image_score_threshold: int = IMAGE_SCORE_THRESHOLD,
        table_score_threshold: int = 7,
        table_extraction: TableExtractionStrategy = None,
        exclude_external_images: bool = False,
        exclude_all_images: bool = False,
        # Link and Domain Handling Parameters
        exclude_social_media_domains: list = None,
        exclude_external_links: bool = False,
        exclude_social_media_links: bool = False,
        exclude_domains: list = None,
        exclude_internal_links: bool = False,
        score_links: bool = False,
        preserve_https_for_internal_links: bool = False,
        # Debugging and Logging Parameters
        verbose: bool = True,
        log_console: bool = False,
        # Network and Console Capturing Parameters
        capture_network_requests: bool = False,
        capture_console_messages: bool = False,
        # Connection Parameters
        method: str = "GET",
        stream: bool = False,
        prefetch: bool = False,  # When True, return only HTML + links (skip heavy processing)
        process_in_browser: bool = False,  # Force browser processing for raw:/file:// URLs
        url: str = None,
        base_url: str = None,  # Base URL for markdown link resolution (used with raw: HTML)
        check_robots_txt: bool = False,
        user_agent: str = None,
        user_agent_mode: str = None,
        user_agent_generator_config: dict = {},
        # Deep Crawl Parameters
        deep_crawl_strategy: Optional[DeepCrawlStrategy] = None,
        # Link Extraction Parameters
        link_preview_config: Union[LinkPreviewConfig, Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        # Virtual Scroll Parameters
        virtual_scroll_config: Union[VirtualScrollConfig, Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        # URL Matching Parameters
        url_matcher: Optional[UrlMatcher] = None,
        match_mode: MatchMode = MatchMode.OR,
        # Experimental Parameters
        experimental: Dict[str, Any] = None,
        # Anti-Bot Retry Parameters
        max_retries: int = 0,
        fallback_fetch_function: Optional[Callable[[str], Awaitable[str]]] = None,
    ):
        # TODO: Planning to set properties dynamically based on the __init__ signature
        self.url = url
        self.base_url = base_url  # Base URL for markdown link resolution

        # Content Processing Parameters
        self.word_count_threshold = word_count_threshold
        self.extraction_strategy = extraction_strategy
        self.chunking_strategy = chunking_strategy
        self.markdown_generator = markdown_generator
        self.only_text = only_text
        self.css_selector = css_selector
        self.target_elements = target_elements or []
        self.excluded_tags = excluded_tags or []
        self.excluded_selector = excluded_selector or ""
        self.keep_data_attributes = keep_data_attributes
        self.keep_attrs = keep_attrs or []
        self.remove_forms = remove_forms
        self.prettiify = prettiify
        self.parser_type = parser_type
        self.scraping_strategy = scraping_strategy or LXMLWebScrapingStrategy()
        self.proxy_config = proxy_config  # runs through property setter

        self.proxy_rotation_strategy = proxy_rotation_strategy

        # Sticky Proxy Session Parameters
        self.proxy_session_id = proxy_session_id
        self.proxy_session_ttl = proxy_session_ttl
        self.proxy_session_auto_release = proxy_session_auto_release

        # Browser Location and Identity Parameters
        self.locale = locale
        self.timezone_id = timezone_id
        self.geolocation = geolocation

        # SSL Parameters
        self.fetch_ssl_certificate = fetch_ssl_certificate

        # Caching Parameters
        self.cache_mode = cache_mode
        self.session_id = session_id
        self.bypass_cache = bypass_cache
        self.disable_cache = disable_cache
        self.no_cache_read = no_cache_read
        self.no_cache_write = no_cache_write
        self.shared_data = shared_data
        # Cache Validation (Smart Cache)
        self.check_cache_freshness = check_cache_freshness
        self.cache_validation_timeout = cache_validation_timeout

        # Page Navigation and Timing Parameters
        self.wait_until = wait_until
        self.page_timeout = page_timeout
        self.wait_for = wait_for
        self.wait_for_timeout = wait_for_timeout
        self.wait_for_images = wait_for_images
        self.delay_before_return_html = delay_before_return_html
        self.mean_delay = mean_delay
        self.max_range = max_range
        self.semaphore_count = semaphore_count

        # Page Interaction Parameters
        self.js_code = js_code
        self.js_code_before_wait = js_code_before_wait
        self.c4a_script = c4a_script
        self.js_only = js_only
        self.ignore_body_visibility = ignore_body_visibility
        self.scan_full_page = scan_full_page
        self.scroll_delay = scroll_delay
        self.max_scroll_steps = max_scroll_steps
        self.process_iframes = process_iframes
        self.flatten_shadow_dom = flatten_shadow_dom
        self.remove_overlay_elements = remove_overlay_elements
        self.remove_consent_popups = remove_consent_popups
        self.simulate_user = simulate_user
        self.override_navigator = override_navigator
        self.magic = magic
        self.adjust_viewport_to_content = adjust_viewport_to_content

        # Media Handling Parameters
        self.screenshot = screenshot
        self.screenshot_wait_for = screenshot_wait_for
        self.screenshot_height_threshold = screenshot_height_threshold
        self.force_viewport_screenshot = force_viewport_screenshot
        self.pdf = pdf
        self.capture_mhtml = capture_mhtml
        self.image_description_min_word_threshold = image_description_min_word_threshold
        self.image_score_threshold = image_score_threshold
        self.exclude_external_images = exclude_external_images
        self.exclude_all_images = exclude_all_images
        self.table_score_threshold = table_score_threshold
        
        # Table extraction strategy (default to DefaultTableExtraction if not specified)
        if table_extraction is None:
            self.table_extraction = DefaultTableExtraction(table_score_threshold=table_score_threshold)
        else:
            self.table_extraction = table_extraction

        # Link and Domain Handling Parameters
        self.exclude_social_media_domains = (
            exclude_social_media_domains or SOCIAL_MEDIA_DOMAINS
        )
        self.exclude_external_links = exclude_external_links
        self.exclude_social_media_links = exclude_social_media_links
        self.exclude_domains = exclude_domains or []
        self.exclude_internal_links = exclude_internal_links
        self.score_links = score_links
        self.preserve_https_for_internal_links = preserve_https_for_internal_links

        # Debugging and Logging Parameters
        self.verbose = verbose
        self.log_console = log_console
        
        # Network and Console Capturing Parameters
        self.capture_network_requests = capture_network_requests
        self.capture_console_messages = capture_console_messages

        # Connection Parameters
        self.stream = stream
        self.prefetch = prefetch  # Prefetch mode: return only HTML + links
        self.process_in_browser = process_in_browser  # Force browser processing for raw:/file:// URLs
        self.method = method

        # Robots.txt Handling Parameters
        self.check_robots_txt = check_robots_txt

        # User Agent Parameters
        self.user_agent = user_agent
        self.user_agent_mode = user_agent_mode
        self.user_agent_generator_config = user_agent_generator_config

        # Validate type of extraction strategy and chunking strategy if they are provided
        if self.extraction_strategy is not None and not isinstance(
            self.extraction_strategy, ExtractionStrategy
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                "extraction_strategy must be an instance of ExtractionStrategy"
            )
        if self.chunking_strategy is not None and not isinstance(
            self.chunking_strategy, ChunkingStrategy
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                "chunking_strategy must be an instance of ChunkingStrategy"
            )
        if self.markdown_generator is not None and not isinstance(
            self.markdown_generator, MarkdownGenerationStrategy
        ):
            hint = ""
            if isinstance(self.markdown_generator, dict):
                hint = (
                    ' The JSON format must be {"type": "<ClassName>", "params": {...}}.'
                    ' Note: "params" is required — "options" or other keys are not recognized.'
                )
            raise ValueError(
                "markdown_generator must be an instance of MarkdownGenerationStrategy, "
                f"got {type(self.markdown_generator).__name__}.{hint}"
            )

        # Set default chunking strategy if None
        if self.chunking_strategy is None:
            self.chunking_strategy = RegexChunking()

        # Deep Crawl Parameters
        self.deep_crawl_strategy = deep_crawl_strategy
        
        # Link Extraction Parameters
        if link_preview_config is None:
            self.link_preview_config = None
        elif isinstance(link_preview_config, LinkPreviewConfig):
            self.link_preview_config = link_preview_config
        elif isinstance(link_preview_config, dict):
            # Convert dict to config object for backward compatibility
            self.link_preview_config = LinkPreviewConfig.from_dict(link_preview_config)
        else:
            raise ValueError("link_preview_config must be LinkPreviewConfig object or dict")
        
        # Virtual Scroll Parameters
        if virtual_scroll_config is None:
            self.virtual_scroll_config = None
        elif isinstance(virtual_scroll_config, VirtualScrollConfig):
            self.virtual_scroll_config = virtual_scroll_config
        elif isinstance(virtual_scroll_config, dict):
            # Convert dict to config object for backward compatibility
            self.virtual_scroll_config = VirtualScrollConfig.from_dict(virtual_scroll_config)
        else:
            raise ValueError("virtual_scroll_config must be VirtualScrollConfig object or dict")
        
        # URL Matching Parameters
        self.url_matcher = url_matcher
        self.match_mode = match_mode
        
        # Experimental Parameters
        self.experimental = experimental or {}

        # Anti-Bot Retry Parameters
        self.max_retries = max_retries
        self.fallback_fetch_function = fallback_fetch_function

        # Compile C4A scripts if provided
        if self.c4a_script and not self.js_code:
            self._compile_c4a_script()


    @staticmethod
    def _normalize_proxy_config(value):
        """Normalize proxy_config to ProxyConfig, list of ProxyConfig/None, or None."""
        if isinstance(value, list):
            normalized = []
            for p in value:
                if p is None or p == "direct":
                    normalized.append(None)
                elif isinstance(p, dict):
                    normalized.append(ProxyConfig.from_dict(p))
                elif isinstance(p, str):
                    normalized.append(ProxyConfig.from_string(p))
                else:
                    normalized.append(p)
            return normalized
        elif isinstance(value, dict):
            return ProxyConfig.from_dict(value)
        elif isinstance(value, str):
            if value == "direct":
                return None
            return ProxyConfig.from_string(value)
        return value  # ProxyConfig or None

    @property
    def proxy_config(self):
        return self._proxy_config

    @proxy_config.setter
    def proxy_config(self, value):
        self._proxy_config = CrawlerRunConfig._normalize_proxy_config(value)

    def _get_proxy_list(self) -> list:
        """Normalize proxy_config to a list for the retry loop."""
        if self.proxy_config is None:
            return [None]
        if isinstance(self.proxy_config, list):
            return self.proxy_config if self.proxy_config else [None]
        return [self.proxy_config]

    def _compile_c4a_script(self):
        """Compile C4A script to JavaScript"""
        try:
            # Try importing the compiler
            try:
                from .script import compile
            except ImportError:
                from crawl4ai.script import compile
                
            # Handle both string and list inputs
            if isinstance(self.c4a_script, str):
                scripts = [self.c4a_script]
            else:
                scripts = self.c4a_script
                
            # Compile each script
            compiled_js = []
            for i, script in enumerate(scripts):
                result = compile(script)
                
                if result.success:
                    compiled_js.extend(result.js_code)
                else:
                    # Format error message following existing patterns
                    error = result.first_error
                    error_msg = (
                        f"C4A Script compilation error (script {i+1}):\n"
                        f"  Line {error.line}, Column {error.column}: {error.message}\n"
                        f"  Code: {error.source_line}"
                    )
                    if error.suggestions:
                        error_msg += f"\n  Suggestion: {error.suggestions[0].message}"
                        
                    raise ValueError(error_msg)
                    
            self.js_code = compiled_js
            
        except ImportError:
            raise ValueError(
                "C4A script compiler not available. "
                "Please ensure crawl4ai.script module is properly installed."
            )
        except Exception as e:
            # Re-raise with context
            if "compilation error" not in str(e).lower():
                raise ValueError(f"Failed to compile C4A script: {str(e)}")
            raise
    
    def is_match(self, url: str) -> bool:
        """Check if this config matches the given URL.
        
        Args:
            url: The URL to check against this config's matcher
            
        Returns:
            bool: True if this config should be used for the URL or if no matcher is set.
        """
        if self.url_matcher is None:
            return True
            
        if callable(self.url_matcher):
            # Single function matcher
            return self.url_matcher(url)
        
        elif isinstance(self.url_matcher, str):
            # Single pattern string
            from fnmatch import fnmatch
            return fnmatch(url, self.url_matcher)
        
        elif isinstance(self.url_matcher, list):
            # List of mixed matchers
            if not self.url_matcher:  # Empty list
                return False
                
            results = []
            for matcher in self.url_matcher:
                if callable(matcher):
                    results.append(matcher(url))
                elif isinstance(matcher, str):
                    from fnmatch import fnmatch
                    results.append(fnmatch(url, matcher))
                else:
                    # Skip invalid matchers
                    continue
            
            # Apply match mode logic
            if self.match_mode == MatchMode.OR:
                return any(results) if results else False
            else:  # AND mode
                return all(results) if results else False
        
        return False


    def __getattr__(self, name):
        """Handle attribute access."""
        if name in self._UNWANTED_PROPS:
            raise AttributeError(f"Getting '{name}' is deprecated. {self._UNWANTED_PROPS[name]}")
        raise AttributeError(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' has no attribute '{name}'")

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        """Handle attribute setting."""
        # TODO: Planning to set properties dynamically based on the __init__ signature
        sig = inspect.signature(self.__init__)
        all_params = sig.parameters  # Dictionary of parameter names and their details

        if name in self._UNWANTED_PROPS and value is not all_params[name].default:
            raise AttributeError(f"Setting '{name}' is deprecated. {self._UNWANTED_PROPS[name]}")
        
        super().__setattr__(name, value)

    @staticmethod
    def from_kwargs(kwargs: dict) -> "CrawlerRunConfig":
        # Auto-deserialize any dict values that use the {"type": ..., "params": ...}
        # serialization format (e.g. from JSON API requests or dump()/load() roundtrips).
        # This covers markdown_generator, extraction_strategy, content_filter, etc.
        kwargs = {
            k: from_serializable_dict(v) if isinstance(v, dict) and "type" in v else v
            for k, v in kwargs.items()
        }
        # Only pass keys present in kwargs so that __init__ defaults (and
        # set_defaults() overrides) are respected for missing keys.
        valid = inspect.signature(CrawlerRunConfig.__init__).parameters.keys() - {"self"}
        return CrawlerRunConfig(**{k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k in valid})

    # Create a funciton returns dict of the object
    def dump(self) -> dict:
        # Serialize the object to a dictionary
        return to_serializable_dict(self)

    @staticmethod
    def load(data: dict) -> "CrawlerRunConfig":
        # Deserialize the object from a dictionary
        config = from_serializable_dict(data)
        if isinstance(config, CrawlerRunConfig):
            return config
        return CrawlerRunConfig.from_kwargs(config)

    def to_dict(self):
        return {
            "word_count_threshold": self.word_count_threshold,
            "extraction_strategy": self.extraction_strategy,
            "chunking_strategy": self.chunking_strategy,
            "markdown_generator": self.markdown_generator,
            "only_text": self.only_text,
            "css_selector": self.css_selector,
            "target_elements": self.target_elements,
            "excluded_tags": self.excluded_tags,
            "excluded_selector": self.excluded_selector,
            "keep_data_attributes": self.keep_data_attributes,
            "keep_attrs": self.keep_attrs,
            "remove_forms": self.remove_forms,
            "prettiify": self.prettiify,
            "parser_type": self.parser_type,
            "scraping_strategy": self.scraping_strategy,
            "proxy_config": (
                [p.to_dict() if hasattr(p, 'to_dict') else p for p in self.proxy_config]
                if isinstance(self.proxy_config, list)
                else (self.proxy_config.to_dict() if hasattr(self.proxy_config, 'to_dict') else self.proxy_config)
            ),
            "proxy_rotation_strategy": self.proxy_rotation_strategy,
            "proxy_session_id": self.proxy_session_id,
            "proxy_session_ttl": self.proxy_session_ttl,
            "proxy_session_auto_release": self.proxy_session_auto_release,
            "locale": self.locale,
            "timezone_id": self.timezone_id,
            "geolocation": self.geolocation,
            "fetch_ssl_certificate": self.fetch_ssl_certificate,
            "cache_mode": self.cache_mode,
            "session_id": self.session_id,
            "bypass_cache": self.bypass_cache,
            "disable_cache": self.disable_cache,
            "no_cache_read": self.no_cache_read,
            "no_cache_write": self.no_cache_write,
            "shared_data": self.shared_data,
            "wait_until": self.wait_until,
            "page_timeout": self.page_timeout,
            "wait_for": self.wait_for,
            "wait_for_timeout": self.wait_for_timeout,
            "wait_for_images": self.wait_for_images,
            "delay_before_return_html": self.delay_before_return_html,
            "mean_delay": self.mean_delay,
            "max_range": self.max_range,
            "semaphore_count": self.semaphore_count,
            "js_code": self.js_code,
            "js_code_before_wait": self.js_code_before_wait,
            "js_only": self.js_only,
            "ignore_body_visibility": self.ignore_body_visibility,
            "scan_full_page": self.scan_full_page,
            "scroll_delay": self.scroll_delay,
            "max_scroll_steps": self.max_scroll_steps,
            "process_iframes": self.process_iframes,
            "flatten_shadow_dom": self.flatten_shadow_dom,
            "remove_overlay_elements": self.remove_overlay_elements,
            "remove_consent_popups": self.remove_consent_popups,
            "simulate_user": self.simulate_user,
            "override_navigator": self.override_navigator,
            "magic": self.magic,
            "adjust_viewport_to_content": self.adjust_viewport_to_content,
            "screenshot": self.screenshot,
            "screenshot_wait_for": self.screenshot_wait_for,
            "screenshot_height_threshold": self.screenshot_height_threshold,
            "pdf": self.pdf,
            "capture_mhtml": self.capture_mhtml,
            "image_description_min_word_threshold": self.image_description_min_word_threshold,
            "image_score_threshold": self.image_score_threshold,
            "table_score_threshold": self.table_score_threshold,
            "table_extraction": self.table_extraction,
            "exclude_all_images": self.exclude_all_images,
            "exclude_external_images": self.exclude_external_images,
            "exclude_social_media_domains": self.exclude_social_media_domains,
            "exclude_external_links": self.exclude_external_links,
            "exclude_social_media_links": self.exclude_social_media_links,
            "exclude_domains": self.exclude_domains,
            "exclude_internal_links": self.exclude_internal_links,
            "score_links": self.score_links,
            "preserve_https_for_internal_links": self.preserve_https_for_internal_links,
            "verbose": self.verbose,
            "log_console": self.log_console,
            "capture_network_requests": self.capture_network_requests,
            "capture_console_messages": self.capture_console_messages,
            "method": self.method,
            "stream": self.stream,
            "prefetch": self.prefetch,
            "process_in_browser": self.process_in_browser,
            "check_robots_txt": self.check_robots_txt,
            "user_agent": self.user_agent,
            "user_agent_mode": self.user_agent_mode,
            "user_agent_generator_config": self.user_agent_generator_config,
            "deep_crawl_strategy": self.deep_crawl_strategy,
            "link_preview_config": self.link_preview_config.to_dict() if self.link_preview_config else None,
            "url": self.url,
            "url_matcher": self.url_matcher,
            "match_mode": self.match_mode,
            "experimental": self.experimental,
            "max_retries": self.max_retries,
        }

    def clone(self, **kwargs):
        """Create a copy of this configuration with updated values.

        Args:
            **kwargs: Key-value pairs of configuration options to update

        Returns:
            CrawlerRunConfig: A new instance with the specified updates

        Example:
            ```python
            # Create a new config with streaming enabled
            stream_config = config.clone(stream=True)

            # Create a new config with multiple updates
            new_config = config.clone(
                stream=True,
                cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
                verbose=True
            )
            ```
        """
        config_dict = self.to_dict()
        config_dict.update(kwargs)
        return CrawlerRunConfig.from_kwargs(config_dict)

class LLMConfig:
    def __init__(
        self,
        provider: str = DEFAULT_PROVIDER,
        api_token: Optional[str] = None,
        base_url: Optional[str] = None,
        temperature: Optional[float] = None,
        max_tokens: Optional[int] = None,
        top_p: Optional[float] = None,
        frequency_penalty: Optional[float] = None,
        presence_penalty: Optional[float] = None,
        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        n: Optional[int] = None,
        backoff_base_delay: Optional[int] = None,
        backoff_max_attempts: Optional[int] = None,
        backoff_exponential_factor: Optional[int] = None,
    ):
        """Configuaration class for LLM provider and API token."""
        self.provider = provider
        if api_token and not api_token.startswith("env:"):
            self.api_token = api_token
        elif api_token and api_token.startswith("env:"):
            self.api_token = os.getenv(api_token[4:])
        else:
            # Check if given provider starts with any of key in PROVIDER_MODELS_PREFIXES
            # If not, check if it is in PROVIDER_MODELS
            prefixes = PROVIDER_MODELS_PREFIXES.keys()
            if any(provider.startswith(prefix) for prefix in prefixes):
                selected_prefix = next(
                    (prefix for prefix in prefixes if provider.startswith(prefix)),
                    None,
                )
                self.api_token = PROVIDER_MODELS_PREFIXES.get(selected_prefix)                    
            else:
                self.provider = DEFAULT_PROVIDER
                self.api_token = os.getenv(DEFAULT_PROVIDER_API_KEY)
        self.base_url = base_url
        self.temperature = temperature
        self.max_tokens = max_tokens
        self.top_p = top_p
        self.frequency_penalty = frequency_penalty
        self.presence_penalty = presence_penalty
        self.stop = stop
        self.n = n
        self.backoff_base_delay = backoff_base_delay if backoff_base_delay is not None else 2
        self.backoff_max_attempts = backoff_max_attempts if backoff_max_attempts is not None else 3
        self.backoff_exponential_factor = backoff_exponential_factor if backoff_exponential_factor is not None else 2

    @staticmethod
    def from_kwargs(kwargs: dict) -> "LLMConfig":
        return LLMConfig(
            provider=kwargs.get("provider", DEFAULT_PROVIDER),
            api_token=kwargs.get("api_token"),
            base_url=kwargs.get("base_url"),
            temperature=kwargs.get("temperature"),
            max_tokens=kwargs.get("max_tokens"),
            top_p=kwargs.get("top_p"),
            frequency_penalty=kwargs.get("frequency_penalty"),
            presence_penalty=kwargs.get("presence_penalty"),
            stop=kwargs.get("stop"),
            n=kwargs.get("n"),
            backoff_base_delay=kwargs.get("backoff_base_delay"),
            backoff_max_attempts=kwargs.get("backoff_max_attempts"),
            backoff_exponential_factor=kwargs.get("backoff_exponential_factor")
        )

    def to_dict(self):
        return {
            "provider": self.provider,
            "api_token": self.api_token,
            "base_url": self.base_url,
            "temperature": self.temperature,
            "max_tokens": self.max_tokens,
            "top_p": self.top_p,
            "frequency_penalty": self.frequency_penalty,
            "presence_penalty": self.presence_penalty,
            "stop": self.stop,
            "n": self.n,
            "backoff_base_delay": self.backoff_base_delay,
            "backoff_max_attempts": self.backoff_max_attempts,
            "backoff_exponential_factor": self.backoff_exponential_factor
        }

    def clone(self, **kwargs):
        """Create a copy of this configuration with updated values.

        Args:
            **kwargs: Key-value pairs of configuration options to update

        Returns:
            llm_config: A new instance with the specified updates
        """
        config_dict = self.to_dict()
        config_dict.update(kwargs)
        return LLMConfig.from_kwargs(config_dict)

class SeedingConfig:
    """
    Configuration class for URL discovery and pre-validation via AsyncUrlSeeder.
    """
    def __init__(
        self,
        source: str = "sitemap+cc",
        pattern: Optional[str] = "*",
        live_check: bool = False,
        extract_head: bool = False,
        max_urls: int = -1,
        concurrency: int = 1000,
        hits_per_sec: int = 5,
        force: bool = False,
        base_directory: Optional[str] = None,
        llm_config: Optional[LLMConfig] = None,
        verbose: Optional[bool] = None,
        query: Optional[str] = None,
        score_threshold: Optional[float] = None,
        scoring_method: str = "bm25",
        filter_nonsense_urls: bool = True,
        cache_ttl_hours: int = 24,
        validate_sitemap_lastmod: bool = True,
    ):
        """
        Initialize URL seeding configuration.
        
        Args:
            source: Discovery source(s) to use. Options: "sitemap", "cc" (Common Crawl), 
                   or "sitemap+cc" (both). Default: "sitemap+cc"
            pattern: URL pattern to filter discovered URLs (e.g., "*example.com/blog/*"). 
                    Supports glob-style wildcards. Default: "*" (all URLs)
            live_check: Whether to perform HEAD requests to verify URL liveness. 
                       Default: False
            extract_head: Whether to fetch and parse <head> section for metadata extraction.
                         Required for BM25 relevance scoring. Default: False
            max_urls: Maximum number of URLs to discover. Use -1 for no limit. 
                     Default: -1
            concurrency: Maximum concurrent requests for live checks/head extraction. 
                        Default: 1000
            hits_per_sec: Rate limit in requests per second to avoid overwhelming servers. 
                         Default: 5
            force: If True, bypasses the AsyncUrlSeeder's internal .jsonl cache and 
                  re-fetches URLs. Default: False
            base_directory: Base directory for UrlSeeder's cache files (.jsonl). 
                           If None, uses default ~/.crawl4ai/. Default: None
            llm_config: LLM configuration for future features (e.g., semantic scoring). 
                       Currently unused. Default: None
            verbose: Override crawler's general verbose setting for seeding operations. 
                    Default: None (inherits from crawler)
            query: Search query for BM25 relevance scoring (e.g., "python tutorials"). 
                  Requires extract_head=True. Default: None
            score_threshold: Minimum relevance score (0.0-1.0) to include URL. 
                           Only applies when query is provided. Default: None
            scoring_method: Scoring algorithm to use. Currently only "bm25" is supported.
                          Future: "semantic". Default: "bm25"
            filter_nonsense_urls: Filter out utility URLs like robots.txt, sitemap.xml,
                                 ads.txt, favicon.ico, etc. Default: True
            cache_ttl_hours: Hours before sitemap cache expires. Set to 0 to disable TTL
                            (only lastmod validation). Default: 24
            validate_sitemap_lastmod: If True, compares sitemap's <lastmod> with cache
                                     timestamp and refetches if sitemap is newer. Default: True
        """
        self.source = source
        self.pattern = pattern
        self.live_check = live_check
        self.extract_head = extract_head
        self.max_urls = max_urls
        self.concurrency = concurrency
        self.hits_per_sec = hits_per_sec
        self.force = force
        self.base_directory = base_directory
        self.llm_config = llm_config
        self.verbose = verbose
        self.query = query
        self.score_threshold = score_threshold
        self.scoring_method = scoring_method
        self.filter_nonsense_urls = filter_nonsense_urls
        self.cache_ttl_hours = cache_ttl_hours
        self.validate_sitemap_lastmod = validate_sitemap_lastmod

    # Add to_dict, from_kwargs, and clone methods for consistency
    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if k != 'llm_config' or v is not None}

    @staticmethod
    def from_kwargs(kwargs: Dict[str, Any]) -> 'SeedingConfig':
        return SeedingConfig(**kwargs)

    def clone(self, **kwargs: Any) -> 'SeedingConfig':
        config_dict = self.to_dict()
        config_dict.update(kwargs)
        return SeedingConfig.from_kwargs(config_dict)


class DomainMapperConfig:
    """
    Configuration for comprehensive domain URL discovery via DomainMapper.

    Discovers all URLs under a domain using multiple sources (sitemap, Common Crawl,
    Wayback Machine, Certificate Transparency, path probing, robots.txt mining,
    RSS/Atom feeds, homepage link extraction) without deep crawling.
    """
    def __init__(
        self,
        source: str = "sitemap+cc+crt+probe",
        max_urls: int = -1,
        concurrency: int = 50,
        hits_per_sec: int = 10,
        force: bool = False,
        extract_head: bool = True,
        filter_nonsense_urls: bool = True,
        soft_404_detection: bool = True,
        query: Optional[str] = None,
        score_threshold: Optional[float] = None,
        scoring_method: str = "bm25",
        probe_paths: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        common_subdomains: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        include_subdomains: bool = True,
        source_timeout: float = 30.0,
        use_browser_for_homepage: bool = False,
        verbose: Optional[bool] = None,
        cache_ttl_hours: int = 24,
        base_directory: Optional[str] = None,
        dns_timeout: float = 3.0,
        http_timeout: float = 10.0,
    ):
        """
        Args:
            source: Discovery sources joined by '+'. Valid: sitemap, cc, wayback,
                    crt, probe, robots, feed, homepage. Default: "sitemap+cc+crt+probe"
            max_urls: Maximum URLs to return. -1 for unlimited.
            concurrency: Max concurrent requests across all hosts.
            hits_per_sec: Rate limit in requests/second.
            force: Bypass all caches.
            extract_head: Fetch and parse <head> metadata for each URL.
            filter_nonsense_urls: Filter utility URLs (robots.txt, favicon, etc.).
            soft_404_detection: Fingerprint and filter soft-404 pages (SPAs).
            query: BM25 relevance query. Requires extract_head=True.
            score_threshold: Minimum relevance score (0.0-1.0) to include URL.
            scoring_method: Scoring algorithm. Currently only "bm25".
            probe_paths: Extra paths to probe on each host (added to defaults).
            common_subdomains: Extra subdomain prefixes to guess (added to defaults).
            include_subdomains: Discover and scan subdomains. When False, only scans
                               the exact domain provided (skips crt.sh, DNS guessing,
                               Wayback/CC host discovery). Default True.
            source_timeout: Max seconds per discovery source. Sources that exceed
                           this are killed and skipped. Prevents slow sources from
                           blocking fast results. Default 30.0.
            use_browser_for_homepage: Use Playwright for JS-rendered homepages.
            verbose: Override logger verbose setting.
            cache_ttl_hours: Hours before cached results expire.
            base_directory: Base directory for cache files.
            dns_timeout: Timeout in seconds for DNS resolution.
            http_timeout: Timeout in seconds for HTTP requests.
        """
        self.source = source
        self.max_urls = max_urls
        self.concurrency = concurrency
        self.hits_per_sec = hits_per_sec
        self.force = force
        self.extract_head = extract_head
        self.filter_nonsense_urls = filter_nonsense_urls
        self.soft_404_detection = soft_404_detection
        self.query = query
        self.score_threshold = score_threshold
        self.scoring_method = scoring_method
        self.probe_paths = probe_paths
        self.common_subdomains = common_subdomains
        self.include_subdomains = include_subdomains
        self.source_timeout = source_timeout
        self.use_browser_for_homepage = use_browser_for_homepage
        self.verbose = verbose
        self.cache_ttl_hours = cache_ttl_hours
        self.base_directory = base_directory
        self.dns_timeout = dns_timeout
        self.http_timeout = http_timeout

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items()}

    @staticmethod
    def from_kwargs(kwargs: Dict[str, Any]) -> 'DomainMapperConfig':
        return DomainMapperConfig(**kwargs)

    def clone(self, **kwargs: Any) -> 'DomainMapperConfig':
        config_dict = self.to_dict()
        config_dict.update(kwargs)
        return DomainMapperConfig.from_kwargs(config_dict)
