In this analysis, the effects of shot noise, surface leakage current and thermal noise current associated with APD receiver are considered.
Where the exponent x varies between 0 and 1.0 depending on the APD material and structure, M the average APD gain, [R.sub.0] the unity gain responsivity, e an electron charge, [I.sub.BD] the average bulk dark current, which is multiplied by the avalanche gain, [I.sub.SL] the average surface leakage current, which is not affected by avalanche gain, [B.sub.e] the receiver electrical bandwidth, [K.sub.B] the Boltzmann's constant, T the receiver noise temperature, and [R.sub.L] the receiver load resistor.