However, participants with TC < 155 mg/dL committed significantly fewer omission errors and perseverations than participants with TC [greater than or equal to] 155 mg/dL.
As expected, heavier caffeine users (with self-reported daily intakes of 3+ beverages/day) generally performed poorly (presumably due to overnight caffeine withdrawal) and committed significantly more commission errors and perseverations on the CPT-II.
Errors at this stage are anticipations,
perseverations, and metatheses of dots, along with other contextual and noncontextual dot errors.
Finally, regression analyses were employed to examine the relations between baseline errors in the single target search, close errors in the difficult target search and
perseverations in the alternating search on the one hand and other errors in each of the more difficult conditions.
Despite the different opinions about which properties the WCST scores indicate, researchers have reached a consensus that the first eight items except WCST3 measure
perseveration (27).
All other responses were coded on a 20-point error scale that included the following error codes: no response; neologism;
perseveration; unrelated word; circumlocution; semantic error; mixed error; phonemic error; correct in nontarget language; accent influence in target language (see Table 6 for descriptions and examples).
Of the total errors made (confusions,
perseverations, omissions, and order alterations) in the three intervals, this study has taken into account omissions and
perseverations.
Perseveration, which involves inappropriate repetition of a response, is frequently observed in patients with brain damage.
Frontal lobe damage has also been reported to be associated with mania, depression, confabulation, catatonia,
perseveration and obsessive compulsive behaviors (9).
Nine scores were selected a priori for analysis: List A Trials 1-5 total, List A short delay free recall, List A long delay free recall, Learning Slope,
Perseverations, Semantic cluster ratio, Discriminability, Proactive interference (List B adjusted for List A Trial 1), and Recognition versus long delay free recall.
Perseveration can be defined as any repetitive behavior, displayed by an individual in the verbal domain such as repetitive language or topic, or the gestural, or physical domains such as, physical action and object--related
perseveration.
Occasional attentional lapses,
perseveration, sequencing problems, and slight concreteness were seen throughout testing.