Preferential Voting

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Related to Preference voting: Ranked ballot
The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Preferential Voting

 

under majority rule systems that require an absolute majority, a method of voting that ensures conclusive results from an election and thus eliminates the need for a second round of balloting. In preferential voting, voters mark their preferences on the ballot, indicating with the numbers 1, 2, 3, and so on the candidates who are their choices, in order of preference. When the results are first tallied, the first-choice votes are counted. If no one receives an absolute majority, the votes given to the last-place candidate are redistributed among the other candidates, and the last-place candidate is eliminated. This procedure is repeated until some candidate achieves the necessary majority of votes.

Different forms of preferential voting (alternative voting, the single transferrable vote system) are used in Ireland, India, and Australia. Preferential voting may also be used, as it is in Italy, to supplement a proportional system; in this case it serves to determine which candidates on the party slate receive the right to terms of office.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
References in periodicals archive ?
With PREFERENCE VOTING we could choose between not only parties, as at present, but between candidates.
If preference voting is used for a single election in November and no candidate gets a majority, the top-two candidates would receive all second choice votes awarded them, resulting in a winner.
With the limited supplementary vote instead of full preference voting, where ranking one's first choice first could not help one's worst enemy, Johnson was discarded for the lesser evil, Livingstone, in the minds of many left and Green voters.
For single-candidate offices, a system known as preference voting (also called the "instant runoff") could thwart Wonderland democracy Where three or more candidates ran for an office such as the presidency, the voter would be instructed to rank the candidates in order of preference.
Preference voting makes it almost impossible for a candidate strongly opposed by most voters to get elected in a three- or four-way race.
This November, San Franciscans will vote on Proposition H, which seeks to replace the current "winner take all" at large voting system with a form of proportional representation known as preference voting. Like all proportional systems, preference voting allows blocs of like minded voters to win representation in proportion to their voting strength.
Preference voting's odyssey in San Francisco began in November 1994 when voters passed Proposition L, which established a citizen's task force to study the whole issue of election reform.
Candidate-based systems like preference voting should be used to elect the leadership of private organizations, local governments, state legislatures and perhaps congressional delegations within states.
States instead could adopt one of three modified PR systems based on voting for candidates in multi-seat districts: limited voting, preference voting and cumulative voting.
Although these elections are much maligned and indeed could be improved, this analysis provided good evidence of how well the preference voting system of proportional voting can work, even in very complex, multi-racial electorates.
However, DPS members had agreed they would neither bid for pushing their names up and thus rearrange the lists nor avail of their new positions and enter into the Parliament if elected via preference voting. "Since the natural vote and natural motive of voters cannot be overcome, even if there is such vote, it should not be consumed," Kardzhaliev said.
Called preference voting, it is a more proportional form of nonpartisan voting than Guinier's preferred cumulative voting.