And however elevated was Cicero's discussion of just war theory in his treatise On Duties, or Obligations, with its advocacy of merciful treatment of conquered enemies, he was ruthless in his application of these principles, when, for instance, he defended the total destruction of Carthage and Corinth, which had taken place in 146 B.C., and of
Numantia in Spain in 133 B.C., on the grounds of the "cruel monstrosities" these nations had committed against Rome.
pl.) 'the people of
Numantia, in northern Spain' (1387), Tartarin 'made of a costly fabric, perhaps a kind of silk, from (or originally from, or imported via) Tartary' (1400), Tarentine 'from or pertaining to Tarentum, Tarentine' (1440), Sclavin(e) 'an inhabitant of some Slavic territory' (1450), Alpine 'Alpine' (1475) and Molmutine 'of Dunwallo Molmutius, British king and law-giver' (1475).
The army of the Roman republic; the second century BC, Polybius and the camps at
Numantia, Spain.
The article considers Alberti's rereading and pruning of the Cervantine text, and the work of the actress-directors, Alberti's wife Maria Teresa Leon in 1937 for an audience of soldiers, and Margarita Xirgu in Montevideo in 1943, for an audience that might view
Numantia's collective suicide very differently.
Upon returning from a glorious military victory at
Numantia, Scipio Aemilianus was asked by one of Tiberius Gracchus's supporters what he thought about his kinsman's death, and enraged both his addressee and the Roman assembly by saying that Gracchus had rightly been slain.
(21) </pre> <p>In Richard Ellmann's translation:</p> <pre> Today as in the time of Pliny and Columella the hyacinth disports in Wales, the periwinkle in Illyria, the daisy on the ruins in
Numantia and while around them the cities have changed masters and names, while some have ceased to exist, while the civilizations have collided with each other and smashed, their peaceful generations have passed through the ages and have come up to us, fresh and laughing as on the days of battles.
The Iberians were finally subdued, after decades of warfare, with the fall of the city of
Numantia in 133 B.C.