Arturo Toscanini


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The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Toscanini, Arturo

 

Born Mar. 25, 1867, in Parma; died Jan. 16, 1957, in New York. Italian conductor.

In 1885, Toscanini graduated from the Royal School of Music in Parma, where he studied the cello. He began his career as an orchestral musician. In 1886 he made his conducting debut in Rio de Janeiro, and from 1887 to 1898 he was an opera and symphony conductor in Italy. From 1898 to 1903, 1906 to 1908, and 1921 to 1929, Toscanini was principal conductor and music director at La Scala in Milan, and from 1908 to 1915 he conducted at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. He also made conducting tours throughout the world. In 1928, Toscanini moved to the USA, where he conducted the orchestra of the Metropolitan Opera, the New York Philharmonic (1926–36), and the NBC Symphony (1937–53), which was created expressly for him. In the 1930’s he directed music festivals at Bayreuth and Salzburg.

Toscanini was one of the greatest artists of his time and an outstanding opera and symphony conductor. He was blessed with an exceptional artistic temperament and musical memory, and his energy and spirit infected audiences and performers alike. Toscanini strove for absolute precision and insisted on total fidelity to the composer’s intentions. His repertoire included classical and romantic music as well as modern compositions; in 1942 he conducted the premiere of D. D. Shostakovich’s Symphony No. 7 (“Leningrad”).

REFERENCES

Zweig, S. Arturo Toskanini: Izbr, proizv, vol. 2. Moscow, 1956.
(Translated from German.) “Toskanini.” In Ispolnitel’skoe iskusstvo zarubezhnykh stran, fasc. 6. Moscow, 1971.
Iskusstvo Arturo Toskanini: Vospominaniia, biograficheskie materialy. Leningrad, 1974.
Corte, A. della. Toscanini visto da un critico. [Torino] 1958.

I. M. IAMPOL’SKII

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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From the heart

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