vaimo
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *vaimo (“spirit, soul”) (compare Estonian vaim (“spirit”)), from Proto-Uralic *wajŋe (“(living) spirit”) (compare Northern Sami vuoigŋa (“breath, spirit”), Moksha вайме (vajme), Erzya ойме (ojme, “spirit, soul”), Nganasan бачуˮ (bačuʔ, “soul”)).
The original sense of this word in Finnic and Uralic was “spirit (the living soul of a person, which leaves a person when they die)”, but this sense is not found at all in Finnish. The semantic development to “wife” is also shared by Karelian vaimo (although this may be Finnish influence[1]). vaimo was the most common word for the sense “(adult) woman” in Old Literary Finnish, but was later replaced by nainen in this sense. The semantic shift has not been conclusively explained, although a somewhat similar shift was observable in Estonian, where vaim was used historically to refer to a peasant woman who worked as a day laborer (corvee) at a manor.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈʋɑi̯mo/, [ˈʋɑ̝i̯mo̞]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɑimo
- Syllabification(key): vai‧mo
- Hyphenation(key): vai‧mo
Noun
[edit]vaimo
- wife
- Synonym: aviovaimo
- Hänellä on vaimo ja kolme lasta.
- He has a wife and three children.
- (archaic) (adult) woman
- (archaic) elderly woman
Declension
[edit]| Inflection of vaimo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | vaimo | vaimot | |
| genitive | vaimon | vaimojen | |
| partitive | vaimoa | vaimoja | |
| illative | vaimoon | vaimoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | vaimo | vaimot | |
| accusative | nom. | vaimo | vaimot |
| gen. | vaimon | ||
| genitive | vaimon | vaimojen | |
| partitive | vaimoa | vaimoja | |
| inessive | vaimossa | vaimoissa | |
| elative | vaimosta | vaimoista | |
| illative | vaimoon | vaimoihin | |
| adessive | vaimolla | vaimoilla | |
| ablative | vaimolta | vaimoilta | |
| allative | vaimolle | vaimoille | |
| essive | vaimona | vaimoina | |
| translative | vaimoksi | vaimoiksi | |
| abessive | vaimotta | vaimoitta | |
| instructive | — | vaimoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- ^ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004), Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- “vaimo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 4 July 2023
Anagrams
[edit]Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *vaimo (“spirit”). Cognates include Finnish vaimo and Estonian vaim.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋɑi̯mo/, [ˈʋɑi̯mŏ̞̥]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋɑi̯mo/, [ˈʋɑi̯mo̞]
- Rhymes: -ɑi̯mo
- Hyphenation: vai‧mo
Noun
[edit]vaimo
- (folk poetic) wife
- 1916, V. Alava, quoting Naastoi, Tarinaisista, “1966. Soikkola, Säätinä V I 1042”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot[3], volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 1-2:
- »Oi minni, velloin vaimo, // Lunassa minuista poisi,
- »Oh sister-in-law, brother's wife, // Rescue me away,
- (folk poetic) mother (of a household)
- 1916, V. Alava, quoting Vöglä, Martin tytär, nuori vaimo syntyisin Savimäeltä, “1941. Soikkola, Suija V I 898”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot[4], volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 1-2:
- Maaria pyhäinen vaimo // Vaimo valkia-verriin
- Mary holy mother // The white-blooded mother
Declension
[edit]| Declension of vaimo (type 4/koivu, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | vaimo | vaimot |
| genitive | vaimon | vaimoin, vaimoloin |
| partitive | vaimoa | vaimoja, vaimoloja |
| illative | vaimoo | vaimoi, vaimoloihe |
| inessive | vaimoos | vaimois, vaimolois |
| elative | vaimost | vaimoist, vaimoloist |
| allative | vaimolle | vaimoille, vaimoloille |
| adessive | vaimool | vaimoil, vaimoloil |
| ablative | vaimolt | vaimoilt, vaimoloilt |
| translative | vaimoks | vaimoiks, vaimoloiks |
| essive | vaimonna, vaimoon | vaimoinna, vaimoloinna, vaimoin, vaimoloin |
| exessive1) | vaimont | vaimoint, vaimoloint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 632
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑimo
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑimo/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish terms with archaic senses
- Finnish valo-type nominals
- fi:Family
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑi̯mo
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑi̯mo/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian nouns
- Ingrian folk poetic terms
- Ingrian terms with quotations