tombar

Catalan

Etymology

From an onomatopoeic / expressive root tumb- or tomb-, imitating the sound of rolling, tumbling, or falling. Compare French tomber, Spanish tumbar, Romanian tumbă, etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Central) [tumˈba]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Northwestern) [tomˈba]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [tomˈbaɾ]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

tombar (first-person singular present tombo, first-person singular preterite tombí, past participle tombat); root stress: (Northern) /u/; (Balearic, Central, Northwestern, Valencia) /o/

1. (transitive) to turn (to change the direction of by rotation)
2. (transitive) to flip over, to turn over (to rotate top to bottom)
3. (transitive) to knock down (to hit something so that it falls)
4. (intransitive) to turn, to spin (to move around an axis)

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of tombar (first conjugation)

infinitive			tombar
gerund			tombant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		tombat		tombada
		plural		tombats		tombades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	tombo	tombes	tomba	tombem	tombeu	tomben
	imperfect	tombava	tombaves	tombava	tombàvem	tombàveu	tombaven
	future	tombaré	tombaràs	tombarà	tombarem	tombareu	tombaran
	preterite	tombí	tombares	tombà	tombàrem	tombàreu	tombaren
	conditional	tombaria	tombaries	tombaria	tombaríem	tombaríeu	tombarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	tombi	tombis	tombi	tombem	tombeu	tombin
	imperfect	tombés	tombessis	tombés	tombéssim	tombéssiu	tombessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	tomba	tombi	tombem	tombeu	tombin
	negative (no)	—	no tombis	no tombi	no tombem	no tombeu	no tombin

Derived terms

• tomb
• tombada

Further reading

• “tombar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “tombar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “tombar”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Portuguese

Etymology

From an onomatopoeic/ expressive root tumb- or tomb-, imitating the sound of rolling, tumbling, or falling.

Compare Spanish tumbar, Catalan tombar, French tomber, Romanian tumbă, etc. Possibly a cognate of German taumeln.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /tõˈba(ʁ)/ [tõˈba(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /tõˈba(ʁ)/ [tõˈba(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /tõˈba(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /tõˈba(ʁ)/ [tõˈba(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /tõˈba(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /tõˈbaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /tõˈbaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /tõˈba.ɾi/

Verb

tombar (first-person singular present tombo, first-person singular preterite tombei, past participle tombado)

1. to fall down; to tumble
2. (intransitive, euphemistic) to fall (to die, especially in battle)

   Synonym: cair

3. to put into government protection
4. to register an estate (heritage wise)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of tombar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	tombar
Personal	tombar	tombares	tombar	tombarmos	tombardes	tombarem
Gerund
	tombando
Past participle
Masculine	tombado			tombados
Feminine	tombada			tombadas
Indicative
Present	tombo	tombas	tomba	tombamos	tombais	tombam
Imperfect	tombava	tombavas	tombava	tombávamos	tombáveis	tombavam
Preterite	tombei	tombaste	tombou	tombamos1, tombámos2	tombastes	tombaram
Pluperfect	tombara	tombaras	tombara	tombáramos	tombáreis	tombaram
Future	tombarei	tombarás	tombará	tombaremos	tombareis	tombarão
Conditional	tombaria	tombarias	tombaria	tombaríamos	tombaríeis	tombariam
Subjunctive
Present	tombe	tombes	tombe	tombemos	tombeis	tombem
Imperfect	tombasse	tombasses	tombasse	tombássemos	tombásseis	tombassem
Future	tombar	tombares	tombar	tombarmos	tombardes	tombarem
Imperative
Affirmative		tomba	tombe	tombemos	tombai	tombem
Negative (não)		não tombes	não tombe	não tombemos	não tombeis	não tombem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “tombar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “tombar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026