supero

See also: superó and superò

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [suˈpe̞.ɾu]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia, Northwestern) [suˈpe.ɾo]
• IPA^(key): (Central) [suˈpe.ɾu]

Verb

supero

1. first-person singular present indicative of superar

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.pe.ro/
• Rhymes: -upero
• Hyphenation: sù‧pe‧ro

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin superus.

Adjective

supero (feminine supera, masculine plural superi, feminine plural supere)

1. higher
2. superior

Related terms

• superare
• superiore

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

supero

1. first-person singular present indicative of superare

Further reading

• supero in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
• supero in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
• supero in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
• sùpero in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication

Latin

Etymology

From superus (“above”), from super (“above”), from Proto-Italic *super.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈsʊ.pɛ.roː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈsuː.pe.ro]

Verb

superō (present infinitive superāre, perfect active superāvī, supine superātum); first conjugation

1. to surmount, rise over, rise above, go over, ascend, overtop, mount
   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 1.: 317:

     superantque cacūmina nūbēs.

     and the peaks rise above the clouds.

2. to go over, pass over, surpass, exceed, traverse

   Synonyms: praetereō, trānsgredior, trānseō, praeferō, trānsmittō, peragō, intrō

3. to be superior, surpass, exceed, excel, outdo, outstrip, be in excess, have the upper hand

   Synonyms: praepolleō, praestō, exsuperō

   • Aulus Hirtus, De Bello Gallico 8.0.4:

     Constat enim inter omnes nihil tam operose ab aliis esse perfectum, quod non horum elegantia commentariorum superetur

     It is agreed amongst all that there are no works created by others with such great care that are not exceeded in elegance by the these commentaries

4. to be abundant, overflow
5. to overcome, overpower, conquer, subdue

   Synonyms: subigō, subiciō, dēvincō, vincō, pācō, conquestō, expugnō, domō, prōflīgō, ēvincō, caedō, obruō, exsuperō, pellō, opprimō, premō, fundō

6. to remain; to be left, left over, or left alone; to survive; to be safe, to be spared
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 2.596–598:

     “‘Nōn prius aspiciēs ubi fessum aetāte parentem
     līqueris Anchīsēn; superet coniūnxne Creūsā,
     Ascaniusque puer?’”

     “‘First, why don't you see where you left your father, Anchises, weary with age? Does [your wife,] Creüsa, survive? And the child, Ascanius?’”
     (Venus reminds Aeneas to return to his own family.)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of superō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	superō		superās		superat		superāmus		superātis		superant
	imperfect	superābam		superābās		superābat		superābāmus		superābātis		superābant
	future	superābō		superābis		superābit		superābimus		superābitis		superābunt
	perfect	superāvī		superāvistī, superāstī1		superāvit, superāt1		superāvimus, superāmus1		superāvistis, superāstis1		superāvērunt, superārunt, superāvēre1
	pluperfect	superāveram, superāram1		superāverās, superārās1		superāverat, superārat1		superāverāmus, superārāmus1		superāverātis, superārātis1		superāverant, superārant1
	future perfect	superāverō, superārō1		superāveris, superāris1		superāverit, superārit1		superāverimus, superārimus1		superāveritis, superāritis1		superāverint, superārint1
passive	present	superor		superāris, superāre		superātur		superāmur		superāminī		superantur
	imperfect	superābar		superābāris, superābāre		superābātur		superābāmur		superābāminī		superābantur
	future	superābor		superāberis, superābere		superābitur		superābimur		superābiminī		superābuntur
	perfect	superātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	superātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	superātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	superem		superēs		superet		superēmus		superētis		superent
	imperfect	superārem		superārēs		superāret		superārēmus		superārētis		superārent
	perfect	superāverim, superārim1		superāverīs, superārīs1		superāverit, superārit1		superāverīmus, superārīmus1		superāverītis, superārītis1		superāverint, superārint1
	pluperfect	superāvissem, superāssem1		superāvissēs, superāssēs1		superāvisset, superāsset1		superāvissēmus, superāssēmus1		superāvissētis, superāssētis1		superāvissent, superāssent1
passive	present	superer		superēris, superēre		superētur		superēmur		superēminī		superentur
	imperfect	superārer		superārēris, superārēre		superārētur		superārēmur		superārēminī		superārentur
	perfect	superātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	superātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		superā		—		—		superāte		—
	future	—		superātō		superātō		—		superātōte		superantō
passive	present	—		superāre		—		—		superāminī		—
	future	—		superātor		superātor		—		—		superantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		superāre			superārī			superāns			—
future		superātūrum esse			superātum īrī			superātūrus			superandus
perfect		superāvisse, superāsse1			superātum esse			—			superātus
future perfect		—			superātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		superātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		superandī		superandō		superandum		superandō		superātum		superātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• superāmentum
• superāns
• superātiō
• superātor

Descendants

• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: shupãr, shupãrari
  • Romanian: supăra, supărare
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: soprare, sovrare
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Old French: sovrer
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: sobrar
  • Occitan: sobrar
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Galician: sobrar
  • Portuguese: sobrar
  • Spanish: sobrar

Borrowings:

• → Catalan: superar
• → English: superate
• → Friulian: superâ
• → Italian: superare
• → Portuguese: superar
• → Spanish: superar

References

• “supero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “supero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “supero”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to cross the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines: superare Alpes, Pyrenaeum, Apenninum (both always in the sing.)
    
  • the water is up to, is above, the chest: aqua pectus aequat, superat
    
  • to double a cape: promunturium superare
    
  • to be defeated in fight, lose the battle: proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere
    
  • to double an island, cape: superare insulam, promunturium
    
  • (ambiguous) heavenly things; earthly things: supera et caelestia; humana et citerioria
    

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /suˈpɛ.ɾu/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /suˈpɛ.ɾu/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /suˈpɛ.ɾo/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /suˈpɛ.ɾu/

• Rhymes: -ɛɾu
• Hyphenation: su‧pe‧ro

Verb

supero

1. first-person singular present indicative of superar

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suˈpeɾo/ [suˈpe.ɾo]
• Rhymes: -eɾo
• Syllabification: su‧pe‧ro

Verb

supero

1. first-person singular present indicative of superar