salvo

See also: Salvo, salvó, and salvò

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: sălʹvō, IPA^(key): /ˈsælvəʊ/
• (General American) enPR: sălʹvō, IPA^(key): /ˈsælvoʊ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Latin salvo, ablative of salvus, the past participle of salvāre (“to save, to reserve”), either from salvo jure (“the right being reserved”), or from salvo errore et omissone (“reserving error and omission”).

Noun

salvo (plural salvos or salvoes)

1. An exception; a reservation; an excuse.
   • 1649, Charles I of England (attributed), Eikon Basilike

     They admit […] salvos, cautions, and reservations.

Derived terms

• salvo clause

Translations

An exception

• Dutch: salvo (nl)
• Polish: wyjątek (pl) m

Etymology 2

An alteration from 1719 of salva (“simultaneous discharge of guns”) (1591) from Latin salva (“salute, volley”) (compare French salve, also from Italian), from Latin salve (“hail”), the usual Roman greeting, imperative of salvere (“to be in good health”).

Noun

salvo (plural salvos or salvoes)

1. (military) A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley.
2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous, firing of a number of cannon.
   • 1820, [Walter Scott], chapter XIII, in The Abbot. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne & Co.] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and for Archibald Constable and Company, and John Ballantyne, […], →OCLC, page 276:

     “Regard not that, my brother,” answered Magdalen Græme; “the first successors of Saint Peter himself, were elected not in sunshine but in tempests—not in the halls of the Vatican, but in the subterranean vaults and dungeons of Heathen Rome—they were not gratulated with shouts and salvos of cannon-shot and of musquetry, and the display of artificial fire—no, my brother—but by the hoarse summons of Lictors and Prætors, who came to drag the Fathers of the Church to martyrdom. […]”

3. (by extension) Any volley, as in an argument or debate.
   • 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2 - 2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     It was an impressive opening salvo from the Baggies, especially for a side that have made a poor beginning to what has been an admittedly tough start to their campaign.

   • 2019 October 6, Tim Shipman, Caroline Wheeler, “'Sack me if you dare,' Johnson will tell Queen”, in The Sunday Times, number 10,178, page 1:

     Together, Johnson's plans mean that the clashes in parliament and the Supreme Court may be only the opening salvos in what promises to be the biggest constitutional storm in centuries.

4. The combined cheers of a crowd.

Translations

concentrated fire from pieces of artillery

• Armenian: համազարկ (hamazark)
• Azerbaijani: yaylım
• Belarusian: залп m (zalp)
• Bulgarian: залп (bg) m (zalp)
• Catalan: salva (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 齊射 / 齐射 (zh) (qíshè)

• Czech: salva f
• Danish: salve (da) c
• Dutch: salvo (nl) n
• Finnish: yhteislaukaus (fi), salvo (fi)
• French: salve (fr) f
• Georgian: ზალპი (zalṗi)
• German: Salve (de) f
• Greek: ομοβροντία (el) f (omovrontía)
• Italian: salva (it) f
• Japanese: 斉射 (せいしゃ, seisha)
• Kazakh: дүркін (dürkın)
• Korean: 일제 사격(一齊射擊) (ilje sagyeok)
• Latvian: zalve f
• Lithuanian: salvė f
• Macedonian: плотун m (plotun), салва f (salva), рафал m (rafal)
• Māori: waiwaipū, waipū
• Persian: آتش همزمان (âtaš-e hamzamân)
• Polish: salwa (pl) f
• Portuguese: salva (pt) f
• Romanian: salvă (ro) f
• Russian: залп (ru) m (zalp)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пло̀тӯн m, са̑лва f

  Latin: plòtūn (sh) m, sȃlva (sh) f

• Slovak: salva f
• Slovene: salva f
• Spanish: salva (es) f, andanada (es) f
• Swedish: salva (sv) c
• Ukrainian: залп m (zalp)

any volley, as in an argument or debate

• Czech: výbuch (cs) m, salva f
• Dutch: schot voor de boeg n
• Finnish: tulitus (fi)
• German: Salve (de) f
• Polish: salwa (pl) f

salute paid by a simultaneous firing of a number of cannons

• Catalan: salva (ca) f
• Czech: salva f
• Dutch: eresalvo n, saluutschoten (nl) pl
• Finnish: yhteislaukaus (fi)
• German: Salve (de) f
• Indonesian: salvo (id)
• Italian: salva (it) f
• Polish: salwa (pl) f
• Romanian: salvă (ro) f
• Russian: залп (ru) m (zalp)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пло̀тӯн m

  Latin: plòtūn (sh) m

Verb

salvo (third-person singular simple present salvos, present participle salvoing, simple past and past participle salvoed)

1. (ambitransitive) To discharge weapons in a salvo.

See also

• the Salvos

Anagrams

• Lovas, Slavo-, ovals, sa/vol

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin salvus. Compare Catalan salv.

Adjective

salvo (feminine salva, masculine plural salvos, feminine plural salves)

1. (archaic) safe, secure
   • 1320–1330, Llibre del Consolat de Mar, CCLXIII

     Quant la roba serà en terra en loch salvo...

     When the goods will be on land in a secure location...

Etymology 2

Verb

salvo

1. first-person singular present indicative of salvar

References

• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “salvo”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French salve, from Italian salva, from Latin salvē (greeting).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑl.voː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: sal‧vo

Noun

salvo n (plural salvo's, diminutive salvootje n)

1. salvo, volley, a series of shots

Descendants

• Afrikaans: salvo

Galician

Etymology 1

Adjective

salvo (feminine salva, masculine plural salvos, feminine plural salvas)

1. safe

Derived terms

• san e salvo m, sa e salva f
• a salvo

Preposition

salvo

1. except

   Synonym: agás

Etymology 2

Verb

salvo

1. first-person singular present indicative of salvar

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsalvo/

Noun

salvo (plural salvi)

1. rescue

   Synonym: salvado

2. salvation

   Synonym: salveso

Derived terms

• salvar
• salvita

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch salvo, from Middle French salve, from Italian salva, from Latin salvē (greeting).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈsalvo/ [ˈsal.fo]
• Rhymes: -alvo
• Syllabification: sal‧vo

Noun

salvo (plural salvo-salvo)

1. (military) salvo

Further reading

• “salvo”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Italian

Etymology

From Latin salvus. Cognate to French sauf.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsal.vo/
• Rhymes: -alvo
• Hyphenation: sàl‧vo

Adjective

salvo (feminine salva, masculine plural salvi, feminine plural salve)

1. safe, out of danger, saved, secure from

   Synonyms: salvato, fuori pericolo, al sicuro da

2. safe, whole, intact, undamaged

   Synonyms: intatto, indenne, non danneggiato

Preposition

salvo

1. except, but, save

   Synonyms: eccetto, tranne, ad eccezione di, fatto salvo

Conjunction

salvo che

1. except that; save that, unless, if... not

   Synonym: a meno che non

Verb

salvo

1. first-person singular present indicative of salvare

Related terms

• salvare

Anagrams

• slavo, solva, svola, valso

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-wós

Proto-Indo-European *sl̥h₂-wós

Proto-Italic *salawos

Latin salvus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin salvō

From salvus + -ō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈsaɫ.woː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈsal.vo]

Verb

salvō (present infinitive salvāre, perfect active salvāvī, supine salvātum); first conjugation (Late Latin)

1. to save (make safe or healthy)

   Synonyms: tūtor, vindicō, cū̆stōdiō, sospitō, teneō, adimō, prōtegō, tegō, dēfendō, tueor, sustineō, ēripiō, arceō, servō

   • a. 430, Augustinus, Sermo XVII

     Non enim amat Deus damnare sed salvare.

     For God loves not to condemn but to save.

Usage notes

Not found in Classical Latin, where servō was used instead.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of salvō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	salvō		salvās		salvat		salvāmus		salvātis		salvant
	imperfect	salvābam		salvābās		salvābat		salvābāmus		salvābātis		salvābant
	future	salvābō		salvābis		salvābit		salvābimus		salvābitis		salvābunt
	perfect	salvāvī		salvāvistī		salvāvit		salvāvimus		salvāvistis		salvāvērunt, salvāvēre
	pluperfect	salvāveram		salvāverās		salvāverat		salvāverāmus		salvāverātis		salvāverant
	future perfect	salvāverō		salvāveris		salvāverit		salvāverimus		salvāveritis		salvāverint
passive	present	salvor		salvāris, salvāre		salvātur		salvāmur		salvāminī		salvantur
	imperfect	salvābar		salvābāris, salvābāre		salvābātur		salvābāmur		salvābāminī		salvābantur
	future	salvābor		salvāberis, salvābere		salvābitur		salvābimur		salvābiminī		salvābuntur
	perfect	salvātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	salvātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	salvātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	salvem		salvēs		salvet		salvēmus		salvētis		salvent
	imperfect	salvārem		salvārēs		salvāret		salvārēmus		salvārētis		salvārent
	perfect	salvāverim		salvāverīs		salvāverit		salvāverīmus		salvāverītis		salvāverint
	pluperfect	salvāvissem		salvāvissēs		salvāvisset		salvāvissēmus		salvāvissētis		salvāvissent
passive	present	salver		salvēris, salvēre		salvētur		salvēmur		salvēminī		salventur
	imperfect	salvārer		salvārēris, salvārēre		salvārētur		salvārēmur		salvārēminī		salvārentur
	perfect	salvātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	salvātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		salvā		—		—		salvāte		—
	future	—		salvātō		salvātō		—		salvātōte		salvantō
passive	present	—		salvāre		—		—		salvāminī		—
	future	—		salvātor		salvātor		—		—		salvantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		salvāre			salvārī			salvāns			—
future		salvātūrum esse			salvātum īrī			salvātūrus			salvandus
perfect		salvāvisse			salvātum esse			—			salvātus
future perfect		—			salvātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		salvātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		salvandī		salvandō		salvandum		salvandō		salvātum		salvātū

Derived terms

• salvāmentum
• salvātiō

Descendants

• Catalan: salvar
• Emilian: salvèr
• Old French: sauver, salvar (Oaths of Strasbourg), salver
  • Middle French: saulver
    • French: sauver
  • Norman: sauver (Jersey)
  • → Middle English: saven
    • English: save

      Geordie: syev

    • Middle Scots: save, safe, sauf
      • Scots: safe, sauf
• Friulian: salvâ
• Istriot: salvà
• Italian: salvare
• Occitan: salvar
• Piedmontese: salvé
• Polish: salwa
• Portuguese: salvar
• Romanian: salva
• Romansh: salvar, salver
• Sardinian: salvai, salvare, sarbai, sarbare, sarvai, sarvare
• Sicilian: sarbari
• Spanish: salvar
• Venetan: salvar
• → Albanian: shëlboj
• → English: salve (“to save, resolve, mitigate”)

References

• “salvo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "salvo", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “salvo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • without violating, neglecting one's duty: salvo officio (Off. 3. 1. 4)
    
  • to greet a person: aliquem salvere iubere (Att. 4. 14)
    
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “save”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsaw.vu/ [ˈsaʊ̯.vu]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsaw.vu/ [ˈsaʊ̯.vu]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsaw.vo/ [ˈsaʊ̯.vo]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsal.vu/ [ˈsaɫ.vu]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsal.vu/ [ˈsaɫ.vu]
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsal.bu/ [ˈsaɫ.βu]

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -alvu, (Brazil) -awvu
• Hyphenation: sal‧vo

Etymology 1

From Latin salvus. Compare Italian and Spanish salvo and French sauf.

Adjective

salvo (feminine salva, masculine plural salvos, feminine plural salvas)

1. safe

Derived terms

• são e salvo m, sã e salva f
• a salvo

Preposition

salvo

1. except, save

   Synonym: exceto

Derived terms

• salvo engano

Etymology 2

Participle

salvo (short participle, feminine salva, masculine plural salvos, feminine plural salvas)

1. past participle of salvar, "saved"

Verb

salvo

1. first-person singular present indicative of salvar; "I save"

Further reading

• “salvo”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “salvo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsalbo/ [ˈsal.β̞o]
• Rhymes: -albo
• Syllabification: sal‧vo

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin salvus. Cognate with English safe.

Adjective

salvo (feminine salva, masculine plural salvos, feminine plural salvas)

1. safe

   Synonym: seguro

Derived terms

• a mi salvo
• a nuestro salvo
• a salvo
• a su salvo
• a tu salvo
• a vuestro salvo
• dejar a salvo
• en salvo
• fiador de salvo
• paz y salvo
• sano y salvo

Adverb

salvo

1. except, apart from

   Synonyms: menos, excepto, sino

   Todos fueron a la fiesta, salvo Ana.

   Everyone went to the party, except Ana.

Related terms

• a salvo
• dejar a salvo
• salva f
• salvación f
• salvado m
• salvamiento m
• salvar
• sano y salvo

Conjunction

salvo

1. (formal) unless

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

salvo

1. first-person singular present indicative of salvar

Further reading

• “salvo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian salva. Doublet of her.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsaɫ.vo/, [ˈsaɫ.βo]
• Hyphenation: sal‧vo

Noun

salvo (definite accusative salvoyu, plural salvolar)

1. (military) A barrage of artillery fire, volley, salvo.

   Synonym: yaylım ateşi

2. (by extension) A concentrated series of attacks.

Declension

Declension of salvo

singular plural nominative salvo salvolar definite accusative salvoyu salvoları dative salvoya salvolara locative salvoda salvolarda ablative salvodan salvolardan genitive salvonun salvoların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular salvom salvolarım 2nd singular salvon salvoların 3rd singular salvosu salvoları 1st plural salvomuz salvolarımız 2nd plural salvonuz salvolarınız 3rd plural salvoları salvoları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular salvomu salvolarımı 2nd singular salvonu salvolarını 3rd singular salvosunu salvolarını 1st plural salvomuzu salvolarımızı 2nd plural salvonuzu salvolarınızı 3rd plural salvolarını salvolarını dative singular plural 1st singular salvoma salvolarıma 2nd singular salvona salvolarına 3rd singular salvosuna salvolarına 1st plural salvomuza salvolarımıza 2nd plural salvonuza salvolarınıza 3rd plural salvolarına salvolarına locative singular plural 1st singular salvomda salvolarımda 2nd singular salvonda salvolarında 3rd singular salvosunda salvolarında 1st plural salvomuzda salvolarımızda 2nd plural salvonuzda salvolarınızda 3rd plural salvolarında salvolarında ablative singular plural 1st singular salvomdan salvolarımdan 2nd singular salvondan salvolarından 3rd singular salvosundan salvolarından 1st plural salvomuzdan salvolarımızdan 2nd plural salvonuzdan salvolarınızdan 3rd plural salvolarından salvolarından genitive singular plural 1st singular salvomun salvolarımın 2nd singular salvonun salvolarının 3rd singular salvosunun salvolarının 1st plural salvomuzun salvolarımızın 2nd plural salvonuzun salvolarınızın 3rd plural salvolarının salvolarının

Further reading

• “salvo”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “salvo”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “salvo”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4047

Votic

Etymology

salvoa (“to notch”) +‎ -o. Compare Estonian salv.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivčülä) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑlvo/, [ˈsɑɫvo]
• (Jõgõperä) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑlvo/, [ˈsɑɫvo]
• (Central Votic) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑlvo/, [ˈsɑɫvo]
• (Eastern Votic) IPA^(key): /ˈsɑlvo/, [ˈsɑɫvo]
• Rhymes: -ɑlvo
• Hyphenation: sal‧vo

Noun

salvo

1. grain bin
2. casing (side supporting structure of a well)
3. notched joint

Inflection

Declension of salvo (type II/võrkko, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	salvo	salvod
genitive	salvo	salvojõ
partitive	salvoa	salvoit
illative	salvo, salvosõ	salvoisõ
inessive	salvoz	salvoiz
elative	salvoss	salvoiss
allative	salvollõ	salvoillõ
adessive	salvoll	salvoill
ablative	salvolt	salvoilt
translative	salvossi	salvoissi
'Standardized' inflection based on the Vaipooli dialects; see WT:AVOT. For dialectal differences between case endings, see Appendix:Votic dialects. *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

• Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “salvo”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎^[3], 2nd edition, Tallinn