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rod

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "rod"
Languages (20)
Translingual • English
Bavarian • Breton • Czech • Danish • East Franconian • Hunsrik • Latvian • Low German • Lower Sorbian • Middle English • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Old Saxon • Polish • Romanian • Serbo-Croatian • Veps • Welsh
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Translingual

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Etymology

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Clipping of English Rogo with d as a placeholder.

Symbol

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rod

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Rogo.

See also

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English

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Old English *rodd
Middle English rodde
English rod

    From Middle English rodde, from Old English *rodd or *rodde (attested in dative plural roddum (“rod, pole”)), of uncertain origin, but probably from Proto-Germanic *rudd- (“stick, club”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewdʰ- (“to clear land”). Compare Old Norse rudda (“club”). For the root, compare English rid. Presumably unrelated to Proto-Germanic *rōdō (“rod, pole”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    rod (plural rods)

    1. A straight, round stick, shaft, bar, cane, or staff.
      The circus strong man proved his strength by bending an iron rod, and then straightening it.
      • 2025 May 12, Jeff Edwards, “Rods from God: Unleashing Orbital Kinetic Bombardment as a Theoretical Defense System”, in Mira Safety‎[1]:
        Which makes the concept known as Rods From God the ultimate form of kinetic weaponry. This theoretical weapon would drop telephone pole sized rods of dense tungsten from a satellite in orbit.
        Picking up speed with each passing second, the rod would then penetrate the ground and generate an explosion akin to a small nuclear weapon using nothing but gravity for its propulsion.
    2. A longitudinal pole used for forming part of a framework such as an awning or tent.
    3. (fishing) A long slender usually tapering pole used for angling; fishing rod.
      When I hooked a snake and not a fish, I got so scared I dropped my rod in the water.
    4. A stick, pole, or bundle of switches or twigs (such as a birch), used for personal defense or to administer corporal punishment by whipping.
    5. An implement resembling and/or supplanting a rod (particularly a cane) that is used for corporal punishment, and metonymically called the rod, regardless of its actual shape and composition.
      The judge imposed on the thief a sentence of fifteen strokes with the rod.
    6. A stick used to measure distance, by using its established length or task-specific temporary marks along its length, or by dint of specific graduated marks.
      I notched a rod and used it to measure the length of rope to cut.
    8. (archaic) A unit of length equal to 1 pole, a perch, 1⁄4 chain, 5+1⁄2 yards, 16+1⁄2 feet, or exactly 5.0292 meters (these being all equivalent).
      • 1842, Edgar Allan Poe, The Mystery of Marie Rogêt:
        ‘And this thicket, so full of a natural art, was in the immediate vicinity, within a few rods, of the dwelling of Madame Deluc, whose boys were in the habit of closely examining the shrubberies about them in search of the bark of the sassafras.’
      • 1865, Henry David Thoreau, Cape Cod‎[2]:
        In one of the villages I saw the next summer a cow tethered by a rope six rods long […].
      • 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC:
        A few rods farther led him past the old black Presbyterian church, with its square tower, embowered in a stately grove; past the Catholic church, with its many crosses, and a painted wooden figure of St. James in a recess beneath the gable; and past the old Jefferson House, once the leading hotel of the town, in front of which political meetings had been held, and political speeches made, and political hard cider drunk, in the days of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too."
      • 1924, Edward A. Ross, “Pocketed Americans”, in World Drift, New York; London: The Century Co., published 1928, page 68:
        the valley is forty to sixty rods wide
    9. An implement held vertically and viewed through an optical surveying instrument such as a transit, used to measure distance in land surveying and construction layout; an engineer's rod, surveyor's rod, surveying rod, leveling rod, ranging rod. The modern (US) engineer's or surveyor's rod commonly is eight or ten feet long and often designed to extend higher. In former times a surveyor's rod often was a single wooden pole or composed of multiple sectioned and socketed pieces, and besides serving as a sighting target was used to measure distance on the ground horizontally, hence for convenience was of one rod or pole in length, that is, 5+1⁄2 yards.
    10. (archaic) A unit of area equal to a square rod, 30+1⁄4 square yards or 1⁄160 acre.
      The house had a small yard of about six rods in size.
    11. A straight bar that unites moving parts of a machine, for holding parts together as a connecting rod or for transferring power as a driveshaft.
      The engine threw a rod, and then went to pieces before our eyes, springs and coils shooting in all directions.
    13. (anatomy) A rod cell: a rod-shaped cell in the eye that is sensitive to light.
      The rods are more sensitive than the cones, but do not discern color.
    14. (biology) Any of a number of long, slender microorganisms.
      He applied a gram positive stain, looking for rods indicative of Listeria.
    16. (chemistry) A stirring rod: a glass rod, typically about 6 inches to 1 foot long and 1⁄8 to 1⁄4 inch in diameter that can be used to stir liquids in flasks or beakers.
    17. (slang) A pistol; a gun.
      • 1916 August, The Electrical Experimenter, New York, page 249, column 1:
        One of them strode to his side and ran experienced fingers through his clothes. "No rod," he reported, "where's the jewelry?"
    18. (slang, vulgar) The penis.
      • 2004, Bruce Jackson, Get Your Ass in the Water and Swim Like Me:
        [I'm gonna] […] throw some vaseline right in the crack a your ass, then I'm gonna shove my rod in your open hole and try to pacify your ornery soul.
    19. (slang) A hot rod, an automobile or other passenger motor vehicle modified to run faster and often with exterior cosmetic alterations, especially one based originally on a pre-1940s model or (currently) denoting any older vehicle thus modified.
    20. (ufology) A rod-shaped object that appears in photographs or videos traveling at high speed, not seen by the person recording the event, often associated with extraterrestrial entities.
      Synonym: skyfish
      • 2000, Jack Barranger, Paul Tice, Mysteries Explored: The Search for Human Origins, Ufos, and Religious Beginnings, Book Three, p.37:
        These cylindrical rods fly through the air at incredible speeds and can only be picked up by high-speed cameras.
      • 2009, Barry Conrad, An Unknown Encounter: A True Account of the San Pedro Haunting, Dorrance Publishing, pages 129–130:
        During one such broadcast in 1997, the esteemed radio host bellowed, “I got a fax earlier today from MUFON (Mutual UFO Network) in Arizona and they said what you think are rods are actually insects!”
      • 2010, Deena West Budd, The Weiser Field Guide to Cryptozoology: Werewolves, Dragons, Skyfish, Lizard Men, and Other Fascinating Creatures Real and Mysterious, Weiser Books, page 15:
        He tells of a home video showing a rod flying into the open mouth of a girl singing at a wedding.
    21. (mathematics) A Cuisenaire rod.
    22. (rail transport) A coupling rod or connecting rod, which links the driving wheels of a steam locomotive, and some diesel shunters and early electric locomotives.
      • 1960 December, Cecil J. Allen, “Operating a mountain main line: the Bern-Lötschberg-Simplon: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 743:
        In the early days troubles were experienced with oscillation from the rod drive and with the transformers, but were overcome later, and these machines performed useful service until superseded by more modern locomotives less costly in maintenance.
    23. (plumbing) A drain rod, being a set of segmented rods with interlocking connectors designed to remain attached even under rotation in use.

    Synonyms

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    Derived terms

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    Translations

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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    See also

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    References

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    1. ^ Lightning conductor or rod in OSM

    Further reading

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    Verb

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    rod (third-person singular simple present rods, present participle rodding, simple past and past participle rodded)

    1. (construction) To reinforce concrete with metal rods.
    2. (transitive) To furnish with rods, especially lightning rods.
    3. (slang, vulgar, transitive) To penetrate sexually.
      • 1968, David Lynn, Bull nuts:
        On impulse he moved around to the opposite side of the couple, in the direction which Grace's broad buttocks were pointed, for a full view of the big boned woman's back side. Now Grace wouldn't mind one iota if he rodded her from the rear.
    4. (slang) To hot rod.
      • 2007, Dana Stabenow, A Deeper Sleep, →ISBN, page 45:
        There were three clear sets, more than what you might expect at Heartbreak Point, given all the juvies rodding in and out of there with their girlfriends.

    Anagrams

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    Bavarian

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    Alternative forms

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    • (Northern, Central) roud
    • (Southern) road

    Etymology

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    Cognate with German rot.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (Northern) /rɔu̯d̥/
    • IPA(key): (Central) /rou̯d̥/, /roːd̥/
    • IPA(key): (Southern) /rɔɐ̯d̥/

    Adjective

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    rod

    1. red

    See also

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    Colors in Bavarian · Foarbm (layout · text)
         weiß      grau      schwoarz
                 roud/rod              oransch/orange; braun              gejb/gölb/gööb
                              grea/grean             
                              blau              blau
                 lila, violett              lila              rosa

    Breton

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    Etymology

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      From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      rod f (plural rodoù)

      1. wheel

      References

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      • Cornillet, Gérard (2017), “rod”, in Geriadur galleg brezhoneg, dictionnaire français breton‎[3] (in French), page 1115

      Czech

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      Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia cs

      Etymology

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      Inherited from Old Czech rod, from Proto-Slavic *rȏdъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from rodit.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      rod m inan

      1. family, stock, lineage
      2. (botany) genus
      3. (grammar) gender
      4. (grammar) voice

      Declension

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      Declension of rod (hard masculine inanimate)
      singular plural
      nominative rod rody
      genitive rodu rodů
      dative rodu rodům
      accusative rod rody
      vocative rode rody
      locative rodu, rodě rodech
      instrumental rodem rody

      Derived terms

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      Further reading

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      Danish

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      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): [ˈʁoˀð], [ˈʁoðˀ]

      Etymology 1

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      From Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wrōts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds. English root is borrowed from Old Norse.

      Noun

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      rod c (singular definite roden, plural indefinite rødder)

      1. root
      2. yob
      3. (mathematics) root, zero (element in the domain of a function such that )
      Inflection
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      Declension of rod
      common
      gender       		singular plural
      indefinite definite indefinite definite
      nominative rod roden rødder rødderne
      genitive rods rodens rødders røddernes
      Synonyms
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      Etymology 2

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      From the verb rode.

      Noun

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      rod n (singular definite rodet, not used in plural form)

      1. disorder, mess, muddle

      Etymology 3

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      See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

      Verb

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      rod

      1. imperative of rode

      East Franconian

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      Alternative forms

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      • ruad (Itzgründisch)

      Adjective

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      rod

      1. red

      Hunsrik

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      Alternative forms

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      • root (Wiesemann spelling system)

      Etymology

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      From Middle High German rōt (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German rōt (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.

      Pronunciation

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      Adjective

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      rod (comparative roder, superlative rodest)

      1. red
        Die Blumme sin rod.
        The flowers are red.
        Die Tomatte sin aarich rod.
        The tomatoes are very red.
        Sie hod en rode Naas.
        She has a red nose.

      Declension

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      Declension of rod (see also Appendix:Hunsrik adjectives)
      singular plural
      masculine feminine neuter
      weak inflection nominative rod rod rod rode
      accusative rode rod rod rode
      dative rode rode rode rode
      strong inflection nominative roder rode rodes rode
      accusative rode rode rodes rode
      dative rodem roder rodem rode

      Derived terms

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      See also

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      Colors in Hunsrik · Forrve (layout · text)
           Weis      Grau      Schwarz
                   Rod              Ranschegelleb; Braun              Gelleb, Geel
                   Grien (Hellgrien), (Neongrien)              Grien (Dunkelgrien)              Menz
                   Meergrien              Blau (Hellblau)              Blau (Dunkelblau)
                   Feilche              Rosch, Lila              Roserod

      Further reading

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      • Boll, Piter Kehoma (2021), “rod”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português, 3rd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch

      Latvian

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      Verb

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      rod

      1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of rast
      2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of rast
      3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of rast

      Low German

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      From Old Saxon rōd, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Dutch rood, German rot, West Frisian read, English red, Danish rød.

      Pronunciation

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      Adjective

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      rod (German Low German)

      1. (in several dialects) red

      Lower Sorbian

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-Slavic *rodъ (“root”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *radas, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      rod m inan

      1. sex (gender (male or female))
      2. lineage, family
      3. (grammar) gender

      Declension

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      Declension of rod
      Singular Dual Plural
      Nominative rod roda rody
      Genitive roda rodowu rodow
      Dative rodoju rodoma rodam
      Accusative rod roda rody
      Instrumental rodom rodoma rodami
      Locative roźe rodoma rodach

      Further reading

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      • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “rod”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
      • Starosta, Manfred (1999), “rod”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

      Middle English

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      Noun

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      rod

      1. alternative form of rode

      Norwegian Nynorsk

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      Etymology 1

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      From Old Norse roð.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /roː/
      • Hyphenation: ròd

      Noun

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      rod n (definite singular rodet, indefinite plural rod, definite plural roda)

      1. fish skin
        Synonym: fiskeskinn

      Etymology 2

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      From Old Norse hróðr, from Proto-Germanic *hrōþiz.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ruː/
      • Hyphenation: ród

      Noun

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      rod m (definite singular roden, indefinite plural rodar, definite plural rodane)

      1. praise, fame, honour (only used in given names)
      [edit]

      Male given names:

      Female given names:

      References

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      Eivind Vågslid (1988), Norderlendske fyrenamn (in Norwegian Nynorsk), →ISBN, page 291

      Old English

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-Germanic *rōdō. Cognate with Old Frisian rōd, Old Saxon rōda, Dutch roede (“rod”), Old High German ruota (German Rute), Old Norse róða (“rod, cross”) (Danish rode (“gauge, rod”)).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      rōd f

      1. cross (method of execution)
        1. (Christianity) The cross on which Christ was crucified
          1. (metonymical) Christlike suffering or tribulation
            • c. 1200 AD, “Sermon XV”, in The Lambeth Homilies, page 113 (f. 55r), lines 24–25/27:
              he munegeð uſ an oðer rode to berene...fleiſeſ lenſing.
              He [God] exhorts us to bear another cross...leanness of flesh.
      2. a measure of land length, equal to a perch
      3. a measure of land area, equal to a quarter of an acre

      Usage notes

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      • An archaic locative singular form, ᚱᚩᛞᛁ, appears on the Ruthwell Cross inscription.

      Declension

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      Strong ō-stem:

      singular plural
      nominative rōd rōda, rōde
      accusative rōde rōda, rōde
      genitive rōde rōda
      dative rōde rōdum
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      Descendants

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      • Middle English: rod, roode, rood

      Old Saxon

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, whence also Old English rēad, Old Frisian rād, Old High German rōt, Old Norse rauðr, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.

      Adjective

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      rōd (comparative rōdoro, superlative rōdost)

      1. red

      Declension

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      Declension of rod
      Strong declension
      singular plural
      masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
      nominative rōd rōd rōd rōde rōdu rōde
      accusative rōdana rōd rōda rōde rōdu rōde
      genitive rōdes rōdes rōdaro rōdarō rōdarō rōdarō
      dative rōdumu rōdumu rōdaro rōdum rōdum rōdum
      Weak declension
      singular plural
      masculine neuter feminine
      nominative rōdo rōda rōda rōdu
      accusative rōdun rōda rōdun rōdun
      genitive rōdun rōdun rōdun rōdonō
      dative rōdun rōdun rōdun rōdum
      Comparative forms of rod (weak only)
      singular plural
      masculine neuter feminine
      nominative rōdoro rōdora rōdora rōdoru
      accusative rōdorun rōdora rōdorun rōdorun
      genitive rōdorun rōdorun rōdorun rōdoronō
      dative rōdorun rōdorun rōdorun rōdorum
      Superlative forms of rod
      Strong declension
      singular plural
      masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
      nominative rōdost rōdost rōdost rōdoste rōdoste rōdostu
      accusative rōdostana rōdost rōdosta rōdoste rōdoste rōdostu
      genitive rōdostes rōdostes rōdostaro rōdostarō rōdostarō rōdostarō
      dative rōdostumu rōdostumu rōdostaro rōdostum rōdostum rōdostum
      Weak declension
      singular plural
      masculine neuter feminine
      nominative rōdosto rōdosta rōdosta rōdostu
      accusative rōdostun rōdosta rōdostun rōdostun
      genitive rōdostun rōdostun rōdostun rōdostonō
      dative rōdostun rōdostun rōdostun rōdostum

      Descendants

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      Polish

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      Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia pl

      Etymology

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        Learned borrowing from Latin rhodium.

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        Chemical element (edit)
        Rh
        Atomic number 45
        rod
        Classification data
        Period 5
        Group 9
        Block d-block
        Class transition metal
        Previous: ← ruten (Ru)
        Next: pallad (Pd) →

        rod m inan

        1. rhodium (chemical element, Rh, atomic number 45)

        Declension

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        Declension of rod
        singular
        nominative rod
        genitive rodu
        dative rodowi
        accusative rod
        instrumental rodem
        locative rodzie
        vocative rodzie

        Further reading

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        • “rod”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[4] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
        • “rod”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[5] (in Polish)

        Romanian

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        Etymology 1

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        Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic родъ (rodŭ), from Proto-Slavic *rodъ.

        Noun

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        rod n (plural roade)

        1. fruit
        2. (figuratively) fruit (advantageous result)
        Declension
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        singular plural
        indefinite definite indefinite definite
        nominative-accusative rod rodul roade roadele
        genitive-dative rod rodului roade roadelor
        vocative rodule roadelor
        Synonyms
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        Etymology 2

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        Verb

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        rod

        1. inflection of roade:
          1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
          2. third-person plural present indicative

        Serbo-Croatian

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        Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia sh

        Etymology

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        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rodъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *radás.

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        rȏd m inan (Cyrillic spelling ро̑д)

        1. gender
        2. (botany) genus
        3. relative, relation
        4. fruit, crop, extraction (rarely used in these senses)
        5. family, stock, lineage, kin, race
          • 1872, “Bože pravde”, Jovan Đorđević (lyrics), Davorin Jenko (music):
            Bože spasi, Bože hrani / Srpskog kralja, srpski rod!
            God, our hope: Protect and cherish / The Serbian king and Serbian race!

        Declension

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        Declension of rod
        singular plural
        nominative rȏd ròdovi
        genitive rȍda rodova
        dative rodu rodovima
        accusative rod rodove
        vocative rode rodovi
        locative rodu rodovima
        instrumental rodom rodovima

        Derived terms

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        References

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        • “rod”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

        Veps

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        Etymology 1

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        From Proto-Finnic *rootu.

        Noun

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        rod

        1. fishbone
        Declension
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        Inflection of rod (inflection type 1/ilo)
        nominative sing. rod
        genitive sing. rodun
        partitive sing. rodud
        partitive plur. roduid
        singular plural
        nominative rod rodud
        accusative rodun rodud
        genitive rodun roduiden
        partitive rodud roduid
        essive-instructive rodun roduin
        translative roduks roduikš
        inessive rodus roduiš
        elative roduspäi roduišpäi
        illative roduhu roduihe
        adessive rodul roduil
        ablative rodulpäi roduilpäi
        allative rodule roduile
        abessive roduta roduita
        comitative rodunke roduidenke
        prolative rodudme roduidme
        approximative I rodunno roduidenno
        approximative II rodunnoks roduidennoks
        egressive rodunnopäi roduidennopäi
        terminative I roduhusai roduihesai
        terminative II rodulesai roduilesai
        terminative III rodussai —
        additive I roduhupäi roduihepäi
        additive II rodulepäi roduilepäi

        Etymology 2

        [edit]

        Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic родъ (rodŭ) (compare Finnish rotu with the same etymology).

        Noun

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        rod

        1. kind, race, breed
        Declension
        [edit]
        Inflection of rod (inflection type 1/ilo)
        nominative sing. rod
        genitive sing. rodun
        partitive sing. rodud
        partitive plur. roduid
        singular plural
        nominative rod rodud
        accusative rodun rodud
        genitive rodun roduiden
        partitive rodud roduid
        essive-instructive rodun roduin
        translative roduks roduikš
        inessive rodus roduiš
        elative roduspäi roduišpäi
        illative roduhu roduihe
        adessive rodul roduil
        ablative rodulpäi roduilpäi
        allative rodule roduile
        abessive roduta roduita
        comitative rodunke roduidenke
        prolative rodudme roduidme
        approximative I rodunno roduidenno
        approximative II rodunnoks roduidennoks
        egressive rodunnopäi roduidennopäi
        terminative I roduhusai roduihesai
        terminative II rodulesai roduilesai
        terminative III rodussai —
        additive I roduhupäi roduihepäi
        additive II rodulepäi roduilepäi

        Welsh

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        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        rod

        1. soft mutation of rhod

        Mutation

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        Mutated forms of rhod
        radical soft nasal aspirate
        rhod rod unchanged unchanged

        Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
        All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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