reforma

See also: reformá, réforma, reformà, and reformą

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [rəˈfur.mə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central) [rəˈfor.mə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [reˈfoɾ.ma]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [reˈfor.ma]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: re‧for‧ma

Etymology 1

Deverbal from reformar.

Noun

reforma f (plural reformes)

1. reform (the change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative)

Derived terms

• reformisme
• reformista

Etymology 2

Verb

reforma

1. inflection of reformar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “reforma”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “reforma”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “reforma” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “reforma”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From French réforme.

Noun

reforma

1. reform

Declension

Declension of reforma

nominative	reforma
genitive	reformanıñ
dative	reformağa
accusative	reformanı
locative	reformada
ablative	reformadan

References

• Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002), Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎^[1], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from German Reform.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɛforma]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

reforma f

1. reform

Declension

Declension of reforma (hard feminine reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	reforma	reformy
genitive	reformy	reforem
dative	reformě	reformám
accusative	reformu	reformy
vocative	reformo	reformy
locative	reformě	reformách
instrumental	reformou	reformami

Derived terms

• měnová reforma f

Related terms

adjectives

• reformační
• reformátorský
• reformní
• reformovaný

nouns

• reformace
• reformátor
• reformátorka

verb

• reformovat

Further reading

• “reforma”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “reforma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “reforma”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁə.fɔʁ.ma/

Verb

reforma

1. third-person singular past historic of reformer

Anagrams

• formera

Galician

Etymology

From reformar.

Noun

reforma f (plural reformas)

1. reform (the change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative)

Further reading

• “reforma”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026

Latin

Verb

refōrmā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of refōrmō

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

reforma f

1. definite singular of reform

Occitan

Etymology

From reformar.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Languedoc):

  (file)

Noun

reforma f (plural reformas)

1. reform (the change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative)

Polish

Etymology

Internationalism; compare English reform, French réforme, German Reform, probably directly from French réforme, ultimately from Latin refōrmō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɛˈfɔr.ma/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔrma
• Syllabification: re‧for‧ma

Noun

reforma f

1. (law) overhaul, reform

Declension

Declension of reforma

	singular	plural
nominative	reforma	reformy
genitive	reformy	reform
dative	reformie	reformom
accusative	reformę	reformy
instrumental	reformą	reformami
locative	reformie	reformach
vocative	reformo	reformy

Related terms

adjectives

• reformacki
• reformacyjny
• reformatorski
• reformistyczny
• reformowalny
• reformowany

adverbs

• reformatorsko

nouns

• reformacja
• reformat
• reformator
• reformatorka
• reformatorskość
• reformatorstwo
• reforming
• reformista
• reformistka
• reformizm
• reformowalność

verbs

• reformować impf
• zreformować pf

Further reading

• “reforma”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “reforma”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[3] (in Polish)

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁeˈfɔʁ.mɐ/ [heˈfɔɦ.mɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁeˈfɔʁ.mɐ/ [heˈfɔɦ.mɐ]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʁeˈfɔɾ.mɐ/ [heˈfɔɾ.mɐ]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʁeˈfɔʁ.mɐ/ [χeˈfɔʁ.mɐ]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /ʁeˈfɔɻ.mɐ/ [heˈfɔɻ.mɐ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁeˈfɔʁ.ma/ [heˈfɔɦ.ma]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɨˈfɔɾ.mɐ/

• Audio (Brazil (Caipira)):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: re‧for‧ma

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *wre-

Latin re-

Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ)der.?

Latin fōrma

Latin fōrmō

Latin refōrmārebor.

Portuguese reformardeverb.

Portuguese reforma

Deverbal from reformar.

Noun

reforma f (plural reformas)

1. reform (the change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative)
2. retirement

   Synonym: aposentadoria

3. pension (gratuity paid regularly as benefit due to a person in consideration of past services)
4. renovation (repairs made to a building to improve or renew its appearance)

Derived terms

• reformismo
• reformista

Etymology 2

Verb

reforma

1. inflection of reformar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “reforma”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “reforma”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French réformer, Latin reformare. By surface analysis, re- +‎ forma.

Verb

a reforma (third-person singular present reformează, past participle reformat) 1st conjugation

1. to reform

Conjugation

    conjugation of reforma (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a reforma
gerund			reformând
past participle			reformat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	reformez	reformezi	reformează	reformăm	reformați	reformează
	imperfect	reformam	reformai	reforma	reformam	reformați	reformau
	simple perfect	reformai	reformași	reformă	reformarăm	reformarăți	reformară
	pluperfect	reformasem	reformaseși	reformase	reformaserăm	reformaserăți	reformaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să reformez	să reformezi	să reformeze	să reformăm	să reformați	să reformeze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		reformează			reformați
	negative		nu reforma			nu reformați

Derived terms

• reformare

Related terms

• reformație

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

rèfōrma f (Cyrillic spelling рѐфо̄рма)

1. reform

Declension

Declension of reforma

	singular	plural
nominative	reforma	reforme
genitive	reforme	reforma
dative	reformi	reformama
accusative	reformu	reforme
vocative	reformo	reforme
locative	reformi	reformama
instrumental	reformom	reformama

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /reˈfoɾma/ [reˈfoɾ.ma]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oɾma
• Syllabification: re‧for‧ma

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *wre-

Latin re-

Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ)der.?

Latin fōrma

Latin fōrmō

Latin reformārebor.

Spanish reformardeverb.

Spanish reforma

Deverbal from reformar.

Noun

reforma f (plural reformas)

1. reform (the change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative)

Derived terms

• reformismo
• reformista

Etymology 2

Verb

reforma

1. inflection of reformar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “reforma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025