perficio

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *per-der.

Proto-Italic *peri-

Latin per-

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti

Proto-Italic *θakjō

Proto-Italic *fakjō

Latin faciō

Latin perficiō

From per- (“through, along; during”) + faciō (“do, make”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [pɛrˈfɪ.ki.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [perˈfiː.t͡ʃi.o]

Verb

perficiō (present infinitive perficere, perfect active perfēcī, supine perfectum); third (-iō variant) conjugation

1. to finish, complete

   Synonyms: perpetrō, dēfungor, cōnficiō, agō, cumulō, absolvō, inclūdō, claudō, conclūdō, condō, expleō, fungor, peragō, efficiō, patrō, nāvō, exsequor, trānsigō, gerō, prōflīgō, perferō, persolvō, exhauriō

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 26.1:

     Prorogatum et M. Marcello, ut pro consule in Sicilia reliqua belli perficeret eo exercitu quem haberet: […]

     And the military command of Marcus Marcellus was also extended, so that he could finish the rest of the war in Sicily as proconsul with his army which he held […]

2. to perfect
3. to carry out, execute, perform
4. to achieve, accomplish
5. (by extension) to bring about, cause, effect
6. (vulgar) to finish; to come to completion (to ejaculate)
   • Capitol. Max. 4, 7.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of perficiō (third (-iō variant) conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	perficiō		perficis		perficit		perficimus		perficitis		perficiunt
	imperfect	perficiēbam		perficiēbās		perficiēbat		perficiēbāmus		perficiēbātis		perficiēbant
	future	perficiam		perficiēs		perficiet		perficiēmus		perficiētis		perficient
	perfect	perfēcī		perfēcistī		perfēcit		perfēcimus		perfēcistis		perfēcērunt, perfēcēre
	pluperfect	perfēceram		perfēcerās		perfēcerat		perfēcerāmus		perfēcerātis		perfēcerant
	future perfect	perfēcerō		perfēceris		perfēcerit		perfēcerimus		perfēceritis		perfēcerint
passive	present	perficior		perficeris, perficere		perficitur		perficimur		perficiminī		perficiuntur
	imperfect	perficiēbar		perficiēbāris, perficiēbāre		perficiēbātur		perficiēbāmur		perficiēbāminī		perficiēbantur
	future	perficiar		perficiēris, perficiēre		perficiētur		perficiēmur		perficiēminī		perficientur
	perfect	perfectus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	perfectus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	perfectus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	perficiam		perficiās		perficiat		perficiāmus		perficiātis		perficiant
	imperfect	perficerem		perficerēs		perficeret		perficerēmus		perficerētis		perficerent
	perfect	perfēcerim		perfēcerīs		perfēcerit		perfēcerīmus		perfēcerītis		perfēcerint
	pluperfect	perfēcissem		perfēcissēs		perfēcisset		perfēcissēmus		perfēcissētis		perfēcissent
passive	present	perficiar		perficiāris, perficiāre		perficiātur		perficiāmur		perficiāminī		perficiantur
	imperfect	perficerer		perficerēris, perficerēre		perficerētur		perficerēmur		perficerēminī		perficerentur
	perfect	perfectus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	perfectus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		perfice		—		—		perficite		—
	future	—		perficitō		perficitō		—		perficitōte		perficiuntō
passive	present	—		perficere		—		—		perficiminī		—
	future	—		perficitor		perficitor		—		—		perficiuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		perficere			perficī			perficiēns			—
future		perfectūrum esse			perfectum īrī			perfectūrus			perficiendus, perficiundus
perfect		perfēcisse			perfectum esse			—			perfectus
future perfect		—			perfectum fore			—			—
perfect potential		perfectūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		perficiendī		perficiendō		perficiendum		perficiendō		perfectum		perfectū

Derived terms

• perficus
• perfectus

Related terms

• afficiō
• cōnficiō
• dēficiō
• efficiō
• faciō
• īnficiō
• interficiō
• officiō
• praeficiō
• prōficiō
• reficiō
• sufficiō

Descendants

• Asturian: perfacer
• French: parfaire
• Italian: perfare
• Portuguese: perfazer
• → English: perfect

References

• “perficio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “perficio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “perficio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to bring to the highest perfection: perficere et absolvere
    
  • to terminate a war (by force of arms and defeat of one's opponents): bellum conficere, perficere
    
• perficio in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016