pán

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pan"

Czech

Alternative forms

• pan (when used before a name, title, occupation etc)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš

Proto-Iranian *gā́wšder.

Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-

Proto-Iranian *pāna-der.

Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ

Old Czech pán

Czech pán

Inherited from Old Czech pán, from Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ. Cognate with Polish pan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpaːn]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pán
• Rhymes: -aːn

Noun

pán m anim (female equivalent paní, relational adjective pánský or pánův)

1. Mr
2. man, gentleman
3. master (someone who has control over something or someone)
4. master (owner of an animal or slave)
5. lord

Declension

Declension of pán (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	pán	pánové, páni
genitive	pána	pánů
dative	pánovi, pánu	pánům
accusative	pána	pány
vocative	pane	pánové, páni
locative	pánovi, pánu	pánech
instrumental	pánem	pány

Related terms

nouns

• panáček
• panák
• panenka
• panic
• paní
• panna
• panství

See also

• sluha
• otrok
• kmán
• dáma

Further reading

• “pán”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “pán”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “pán”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Mandarin

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Romanization

pán (pan², Zhuyin ㄆㄢˊ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 媻
2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 幋
3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 廿
4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 搫
5. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 柈
6. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 槃
7. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 樆
8. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 泾
9. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 潒
10. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瀇 / 㲿
11. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瀊
12. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 爾 / 尔
13. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 番
14. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 皡
15. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 盤 / 盘
16. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 磐
17. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 磻
18. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 緇 / 缁
19. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 縏
20. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 績 / 绩
21. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 胖
22. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 舢
23. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蒰
24. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 螋
25. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蟠
26. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 覍
27. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 跘
28. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蹐
29. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蹣 / 蹒
30. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鄱
31. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鎜
32. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鞶

Old Czech

Alternative forms

• hpán, pan (when used before a name, title, occupation etc)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš

Proto-Iranian *gā́wšder.

Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-

Proto-Iranian *pāna-der.

Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ

Old Czech pán

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈpaːn/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈpaːn/

Noun

pán m pers

1. man, gentleman
2. master
3. lord

Declension

Declension of pán (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	pán	pány	páni, pánové
genitive	pána	pánú	pánóv
dative	pánu, pánovi	pánoma	pánóm
accusative	pána	pány	pány
vocative	pane	pány	páni, pánové
locative	pánu, pánovi	pánú	pániech
instrumental	pánem	pánoma	pány

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

Derived terms

• panna
• panovati
• panovník
• panstvie
• panstvo
• paní
• páně

Descendants

• Czech: pán

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “pán”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Slovak

Etymology

From unattested *hpán (compare Old Czech hpán), from Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaːn/

Noun

pán m pers (female equivalent pani)

1. lord
2. mister

   pán Kováč ― Mr. Smith

3. sir
4. ruler
5. gentleman

   dámy a páni ― ladies and gentlemen

6. used before any title when addressing a male person

Declension

Declension of pán
(pattern chlap)

	singular	plural
nominative	pán	páni
genitive	pána	pánov
dative	pánovi, pánu	pánom
accusative	pána	pánov
vocative	pane	páni
locative	pánovi, pánu	pánoch
instrumental	pánom	pánmi

Derived terms

• Pán
• Pane Bože! (“My God!”)
• pán profesor (Professor)
• pán doktor (Doctor)
• pán kráľ (Lord King, i.e. Sire)

Further reading

• “pán”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026