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niech

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: niéch

Old Polish

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Etymology

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    Clipping of niechaj. First attested in the 15th century. Compare Old Czech nechť.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ɲɛːx/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ɲex/

    Particle

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    niech

    1. (hortative, attested in Greater Poland) forms third person imperative; let
      Synonyms: niecha, niechaj
      • 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 145:
        Tak, yako napyszano, nyech stoy
        [Tak jako napisano, niech stoi]
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    particles
    verbs

    Descendants

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    • Polish: niech
    • Silesian: niych

    References

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    • Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “niech”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
    • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “niech”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
    • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “niech”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

    Polish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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      Inherited from Old Polish niech. By surface analysis, clipping of niechaj. Compare Czech nechť, Serbo-Croatian neka, Ukrainian неха́й (nexáj), and Upper Sorbian njech.

      Pronunciation

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      • Audio 1:(file)
      • Audio 2:(file)
      • Rhymes: -ɛx
      • Syllabification: niech

      Particle

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      niech

      1. forms the third person imperative in the singular and plural; let, may
        Niech moc będzie z tobą!May the force be with you!
        Niech cię Bóg błogosławi.God bless you.
      2. forms the first person imperative in the singular; used only with perfective verbs; let, may
        Niech no pomyślę...Let me think...
        Niech zgadnę... ty jesteś John?Let me guess... you must be John?
      3. expresses optative meaning; had better, may
      4. (sciences) let (used to specify the meaning of a variable)
        Synonym: gdzie
        Niech x oznacza...Let x signify...
      5. (Middle Polish) if only; only
        Synonym: tylko

      Interjection

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      niech

      1. (Middle Polish) expresses dissatisfaction or impatience

      Conjunction

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      niech

      1. (Middle Polish) creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to
        Synonyms: aby, żeby
      2. (Middle Polish) creates a conditional; if
        Synonym: jeśli

      Derived terms

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      Trivia

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      According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), niech is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 8 times in scientific texts, 1 time in news, 12 times in essays, 60 times in fiction, and 219 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 300 times, making it the 168th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

      References

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      1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “niech”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 280

      Further reading

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