jesti

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• jisti (Ikavian)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ěsti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jêsti/
• Hyphenation: je‧sti

Verb

jȅsti impf (Cyrillic spelling је̏сти, perfective pòjesti)

1. (ambitransitive) to eat, consume

   jesti [komu] iz ruke ― to be tame, obedient

2. (figurative) to cause distress
   • 1521, Marco Marul Splichianin, Istoria Sfete udouice Iudit‎^[1], In Vinegia: per Guilielmo da fontaneto de Monteferato, page 5v, lines 115–116:

     znaite da miſal ma /
     Veleme grize i gi

     znajte da misal mâ
     Vele me grize i ji

     know that my thoughts are biting and eating [i.e. troubling] me greatly

Conjugation

Conjugation of jȅsti

infinitive		jȅsti
present verbal adverb		jȅdūći
past verbal adverb		jȅdāvši
verbal noun		jȅdēnje
		singular			plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present		jȅdēm	jȅdēš	jȅdē	jȅdēmo	jȅdēte	jȅdū
future	future I	jȅst ću1 jȅšću	jȅst ćeš1 jȅšćeš	jȅst će1 jȅšće	jȅst ćemo1 jȅšćemo	jȅst ćete1 jȅšćete	jȅst ćē1 jȅšćē
	future II	bȕdēm jȅo2	bȕdēš jȅo2	bȕdē jȅo2	bȕdēmo jȅli2	bȕdēte jȅli2	bȕdū jȅli2
past	perfect	jȅo sam2	jȅo si2	jȅo je2	jȅli smo2	jȅli ste2	jȅli su2
	pluperfect3	bȉo sam jȅo2	bȉo si jȅo2	bȉo je jȅo2	bíli smo jȅli2	bíli ste jȅli2	bíli su jȅli2
	aorist	jȅdoh	jȅde	jȅde	jȅdosmo	jȅdoste	jȅdoše
	imperfect	jȅdāh / jȅđāh	jȅdāše / jȅđāše	jȅdāše / jȅđāše	jȅdāsmo / jȅđāsmo	jȅdāste / jȅđāste	jȅdāhu / jȅđāhu
conditional	conditional I	jȅo bih2	jȅo bi2	jȅo bi2	jȅli bismo2	jȅli biste2	jȅli bi2
	conditional II4	bȉo bih jȅo2	bȉo bi jȅo2	bȉo bi jȅo2	bíli bismo jȅli2	bíli biste jȅli2	bíli bi jȅli2
imperative		—	jȅdi	—	jȅdimo	jȅdite	—
active past participle		jȅo m / jȅla f / jȅlo n			jȅli m / jȅle f / jȅla n
passive past participle		jȅdēn m / jȅdēna f / jȅdēno n			jȅdēni m / jȅdēne f / jȅdēna n

¹   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
²   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
³   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
⁴   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Synonyms

• žderati
• klopati
• papati
• njupati

Derived terms

• biljojed
• izjesti
• jesti komu iz ruke
• jestiv
• mesojed
• najesti
• pojesti
• prejedati se
• prejesti se
• projesti
• svejed
• ujedati
• ujesti

Related terms

• jelo
• objed
• izjelica

Further reading

• “jesti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
• Pero Budmani, editor (1892–1897), “jȅsti”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎^[2] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 4, Zagreb: JAZU, page 622
• Maretić, Tomo (1963), Gramatika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga književnog jezika, 3rd edition, Zagreb: Matica hrvatska, §254d, §311a
• Kapović, Mate (2018), “Povijest glagolske akcentuacije u štokavskom (i šire)”, in Rasprave: Časopis Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje‎^[3], volume 44, number 1, Zagreb: IHJJ, §1.6, §9.3, pages 159-285

Slovene

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ěsti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti. First attested in the 16th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jèːsti/

Verb

jẹ́sti impf

1. to eat

Conjugation

Athematic
infinitive	jẹ́sti
1st singular	jẹ́m
infinitive	jẹ́sti			jẹ̑st, jȅst
supine	jẹ̑st
verbal noun	jẹ́denje
	participle			converb
present	jedọ̄č			—
past	—			—
l-participle	masculine		feminine		neuter
singular	jẹ̑dəł		jẹ́dla		jẹ́dlo
dual	jẹ́dla		jẹ́dli		jẹ́dli
plural	jẹ́dli		jẹ́dle		jẹ́dla
	present			imperative
1st singular	jẹ́m			—
2nd singular	jẹ́š			jȅj, jẹ̑j
3rd singular	jẹ́			—
1st dual	jẹ́va			jẹ̑jva
2nd dual	jẹ́sta			jẹ̑jta
3rd dual	jẹ́sta			—
1st plural	jẹ́mo			jẹ̑jmo
2nd plural	jẹ́ste			jẹ̑jte
3rd plural	jedọ́, jéjo			—

Derived terms

• najẹ́sti
• pojẹ́sti
• razjẹ́sti

Further reading

• “jesti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “jesti”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references
• Maks Pleteršnik, editor (1894), “jẹ́sti”, in Slovensko-nemški slovar (in Slovene), volume 1, Ljubljana: Knezoškofijstvo, page 367