includo

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /inˈklu.do/
Rhymes: -udo
Hyphenation: in‧clù‧do

Verb

includo

first-person singular present indicative of includere

Latin

Etymology

From in- + claudō (“shut, end; imprison; restrict”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ɪŋˈkɫuː.doː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [iŋˈkluː.do]

Verb

inclūdō (present infinitive inclūdere, perfect active inclūsī, supine inclūsum); third conjugation

to shut up or in, confine, enclose, imprison, keep in
Synonyms: retineō, intercludō, excludō, claudō, intersaepiō, urgeō, arceō, obserō
to obstruct, restrain, hinder
Synonyms: refrēnō, coërceō, saepiō, officiō, obstō, cohibeō, perimō, intersaepiō, retineō, obstruō, impediō, contineō, arceō, premō, comprimō, reprimō, supprimō, sustentō, moror

Antonyms: līberō, eximō, absolvō, excipiō, exonerō, ēmittō
to limit, control
Synonyms: fīniō, līmitō, delīmitō, coërceō, claudō, moderor, minuō
to close
Synonyms: interclūdō, claudō, operiō, premō

Antonyms: adaperiō, aperiō, patefaciō
to finish, end
Synonyms: perficiō, dēfungor, cōnficiō, agō, cumulō, absolvō, perpetrō, nāvō, claudō, expleō, fungor, efficiō, patrō, exsequor, conclūdō, condō, trānsigō, peragō, gerō, exhauriō
(figuratively) to include, enclose or insert something, incorporate
Synonyms: complector, contineō, apprehendō, teneō, amplector

Conjugation

Conjugation of inclūdō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	inclūdō	inclūdis		inclūdit	inclūdimus	inclūditis		inclūdunt
	imperfect	inclūdēbam	inclūdēbās		inclūdēbat	inclūdēbāmus	inclūdēbātis		inclūdēbant
	future	inclūdam	inclūdēs		inclūdet	inclūdēmus	inclūdētis		inclūdent
	perfect	inclūsī	inclūsistī		inclūsit	inclūsimus	inclūsistis		inclūsērunt, inclūsēre
	pluperfect	inclūseram	inclūserās		inclūserat	inclūserāmus	inclūserātis		inclūserant
	future perfect	inclūserō	inclūseris		inclūserit	inclūserimus	inclūseritis		inclūserint
passive	present	inclūdor	inclūderis, inclūdere		inclūditur	inclūdimur	inclūdiminī		inclūduntur
	imperfect	inclūdēbar	inclūdēbāris, inclūdēbāre		inclūdēbātur	inclūdēbāmur	inclūdēbāminī		inclūdēbantur
	future	inclūdar	inclūdēris, inclūdēre		inclūdētur	inclūdēmur	inclūdēminī		inclūdentur
	perfect	inclūsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	inclūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	inclūsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	inclūdam	inclūdās		inclūdat	inclūdāmus	inclūdātis		inclūdant
	imperfect	inclūderem	inclūderēs		inclūderet	inclūderēmus	inclūderētis		inclūderent
	perfect	inclūserim	inclūserīs		inclūserit	inclūserīmus	inclūserītis		inclūserint
	pluperfect	inclūsissem	inclūsissēs		inclūsisset	inclūsissēmus	inclūsissētis		inclūsissent
passive	present	inclūdar	inclūdāris, inclūdāre		inclūdātur	inclūdāmur	inclūdāminī		inclūdantur
	imperfect	inclūderer	inclūderēris, inclūderēre		inclūderētur	inclūderēmur	inclūderēminī		inclūderentur
	perfect	inclūsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	inclūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	inclūde		—	—	inclūdite		—
active	future	—	inclūditō		inclūditō	—	inclūditōte		inclūduntō
passive	present	—	inclūdere		—	—	inclūdiminī		—
passive	future	—	inclūditor		inclūditor	—	—		inclūduntor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		inclūdere		inclūdī		inclūdēns		—
future		inclūsūrum esse		inclūsum īrī		inclūsūrus		inclūdendus, inclūdundus
perfect		inclūsisse		inclūsum esse		—		inclūsus
future perfect		—		inclūsum fore		—		—
perfect potential		inclūsūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		inclūdendī	inclūdendō		inclūdendum	inclūdendō	inclūsum		inclūsū

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Balkano-Romance:
- Aromanian: ncljid
- Romanian: închide
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: inchiudere
- Neapolitan: nchiudere
- Sicilian: nchiùdiri
Gallo-Romance: (via *inclaudere)
- Catalan: encloure
- Occitan: enclaure
- Old French: enclore (see there for further descendants)
Ibero-Romance:
- Galician: enchoer (via *inclaudere)
Borrowings:
- → Asturian: incluir
- → Catalan: incloure
- → English: include, inclose
- → Esperanto: inkludi
- → French: inclure
- → Friulian: includi
- → Galician: incluír
- → Italian: includere
- → Occitan: inclure
- → Portuguese: incluir
- → Romanian: include
- → Spanish: incluir

References

“includo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“includo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“includo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to interpolate, insert something: includere in orationem aliquid