haben
German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German haben, from Old High German habēn (akin to Old Saxon hebbian, Old Norse hafa (Swedish hava/ha), Old Frisian habba, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban), Old English habban), from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to grasp”). Cognates include Bavarian håbn, Yiddish האָבן (hobn), Dutch hebben, English have, Danish have.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈhaːbən/, [ˈhaː.bən], [-bn̩], [-bm̩], (southern also) [-b̥m̩], [-ʔm̩]
- IPA(key): /ham/, [ham] (common; particularly in the present tense, occasionally also in the infinitive)
- Hyphenation: ha‧ben
- Rhymes: -aːbn̩, -am
Verb
[edit]haben (irregular, third-person singular present hat, past tense hatte, past participle gehabt, past subjunctive hätte, auxiliary haben)
- (auxiliary) forms the perfect aspect (have) [with past participle]
- Das habe ich nicht gesagt. ― I haven't said that.
- (transitive) to have; to own (to possess, have ownership of; to possess a certain characteristic)
- Ich habe ein Auto. ― I own a car.
- Sie hat braune Haare. ― She has got brown hair.
- (transitive) to have; to hold (to contain within itself/oneself)
- Glaub und hab keine Angst.
- Believe and don't be afraid
- (literally, “...and have no fear.”)
- (transitive) to have, get (to obtain, acquire)
- (transitive) to get (to receive)
- (transitive) to have (to be scheduled to attend)
- Morgen Nachmittag habe ich eine Vorlesung. ― I've got a lecture tomorrow afternoon.
- (transitive) to have (to be afflicted with, suffer from)
- Er hat Krebs. ― He has cancer.
- (transitive, of units of measure) to contain, be composed of, equal
- Ein Meter hat 100 Zentimeter.
- There are 100 centimetres in one metre.
- (literally, “One metre has 100 centimetres.”)
- (impersonal, regional, with es) there be, there is, there are
- Es hat zwei Bücher.
- There are two books.
- (reflexive, colloquial, with so) to make a fuss
- Hab dich nicht so!
- Don't make such a fuss!
- (colloquial) to be occupied with, to like, to be into [with es and mit (+ dative) ‘something/someone’]
- Ich hab's nich so mit Hunden.
- I'm not a great fan of dogs.
- (literally, “I don't have it that much with dogs.”)
- (regional, colloquial) to talk [with es, along with von (+ dative) or über (+ accusative) ‘about someone/something’]
- Wir hatten's grad von dir und deiner Freundin.
- We've just been talking about you and your girlfriend.
- (literally, “We just had it about you and your girlfriend.”)
- to have to, must [with zu (+ infinitive) ‘do something’] (especially regarding expectations by authority, at the threat of severe disapproval or consequences)
- Er hat sich zu benehmen.
- He has to behave himself.
Conjugation
[edit]| infinitive | haben | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | habend | ||||
| past participle | gehabt | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich habe | wir haben | i | ich habe | wir haben |
| du hast | ihr habt | du habest | ihr habet | ||
| er hat | sie haben | er habe | sie haben | ||
| preterite | ich hatte | wir hatten | ii | ich hätte1 | wir hätten1 |
| du hattest | ihr hattet | du hättest1 | ihr hättet1 | ||
| er hatte | sie hatten | er hätte1 | sie hätten1 | ||
| imperative | hab (du) habe (du) |
habt (ihr) | |||
1Preferred; avoid the alternative in würde.
- The forms hast, hat as well as those with hatt-, hätt- are always realized with a short vowel. The forms hab, habt, gehabt vary: The prescriptive standard is long, but short pronunciation is predominant in practice. Habe and the rare habest, habet are long. (Haben is long with disyllabic, short with monosyllabic pronunciation, as indicated above.)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “haben”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache[1] (in German)
- “haben” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “haben” in Duden online
- “haben” in OpenThesaurus.de
Middle English
[edit]Verb
[edit]haben
- alternative form of haven (“to have”)
Old High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną, whence also Old Saxon hebbian, Old English habban, Old Norse hafa, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to grasp”), whence also Latin capiō.
Verb
[edit]habēn
- to have
Conjugation
[edit]| infinitive | habēn | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st person singular | habēm, habēn | habēta |
| 2nd person singular | habēs, habēst | habētōs, habētōst |
| 3rd person singular | habēt | habēta |
| 1st person plural | habēm, habēmēs | habētum, habētumēs |
| 2nd person plural | habēt | habētut |
| 3rd person plural | habēnt | habētun |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st person singular | habe | habēti |
| 2nd person singular | habēs, habēst | habētīs, habētīst |
| 3rd person singular | habe | habēti |
| 1st person plural | habēm, habēmēs | habētīm, habētīmēs |
| 2nd person plural | habēt | habētīt |
| 3rd person plural | habēn | habētīn |
| imperative | present | |
| singular | habe | |
| plural | habēt | |
| participle | present | past |
| habēnti | gihabēt | |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Middle High German: hān, haben
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kap- (seize)
- German terms derived from substrate languages
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German 1-syllable words
- Rhymes:German/aːbn̩
- Rhymes:German/aːbn̩/2 syllables
- Rhymes:German/am
- Rhymes:German/am/2 syllables
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German irregular verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German auxiliary verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German transitive verbs
- German impersonal verbs
- Regional German
- German reflexive verbs
- German colloquialisms
- Middle English alternative forms
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old High German terms derived from substrate languages
- Old High German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kap- (seize)
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German verbs
- Old High German class 3 weak verbs