fermentation

English

Etymology

From Middle English fermentacioun, from Latin fermentātiō, fermentātiōnem. By surface analysis, ferment +‎ -ation.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌfɜːmənˈteɪʃən/, /ˌfɜːmɛnˈteɪʃən/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˌfɜɹmənˈteɪʃən/, /ˌfɜɹmɛnˈteɪʃən/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪʃən

Noun

fermentation (countable and uncountable, plural fermentations)

2. (biochemistry) Any of many anaerobic biochemical reactions in which an enzyme (or several enzymes produced by a microorganism) catalyses the conversion of one substance into another; especially the conversion (using yeast) of sugars to alcohol or acetic acid with the evolution of carbon dioxide
3. A state of agitation or excitement; a ferment.
   • 1678, Jeremy Taylor, “The History of the Life and Death of the Holy Jesus: […]. The First Part.”, in Antiquitates Christianæ: Or, the History of the Life and Death of the Holy Jesus: […], London: […] E. Flesher, and R. Norton, for R[ichard] Royston, […], →OCLC, ad section IX (Considerations upon the Baptizing, Fasting, and Temptation of the Holy Jesus by the Devil), discourse IV (Of Baptism), part II (Of Baptizing Infants), page 130:

     [T]he Grace that is then given to us is like a piece of Leven put into a lump of dough, and Faith and Repentance do in all the periods of our life put it into fermentation and activity.

   • 1852 January – 1853 April, Charles Kingsley, Jun., “Preface”, in Hypatia: Or, New Foes with an Old Face. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker and Son, […], published 1853, →OCLC, pages xi–xii:

     The universal fusion of races, languages, and customs, which had gone on for four centuries under Roman rule, had produced a corresponding fusion of creeds, an universal fermentation of human thought and faith.

   • 1929, Abraham Zevi Idelsohn, Jewish Music: Its Historical Development, page 364:

     It seems that the spiritual fermentation of the cabbalists, who […] aroused the dormant susceptibilities of the Orient, penetrated also into Yemen and had the effect of a messianic message to the languishing souls longing for redemption.

Derived terms

• alcoholic fermentation
• autofermentation
• biofermentation
• bladder fermentation syndrome
• bottom fermentation
• cofermentation
• fermentational
• fermentation lock
• gut fermentation syndrome
• heterofermentation
• homofermentation
• homolactic fermentation
• lactofermentation
• malolactic fermentation
• microfermentation
• multifermentation
• nonfermentation
• overfermentation
• photofermentation
• postfermentation
• prefermentation
• refermentation
• respirofermentation
• secondary fermentation
• semifermentation
• top fermentation
• underfermentation

Related terms

• ferment

Translations

anaerobic biochemical reaction

• Bulgarian: ферментация f (fermentacija)
• Catalan: fermentació (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 發酵 / 发酵 (faat³ gaau³)

  Eastern Min: 發酵 / 发酵 (huák-gáu)

  Hokkien: 發酵 / 发酵 (zh-min-nan) (hoat-kàⁿ)

  Mandarin: 發酵 / 发酵 (zh) (fājiào)

• Czech: kvašení n
• Danish: fermentering c, gæring c
• Dutch: fermentatie (nl), gisting (nl)
• Finnish: käyminen (fi)
• Galician: fermentación (gl) f
• Georgian: დუღილი (duɣili), ფერმენტაცია (permenṭacia)
• German: Fermentation f, Gärung (de) f
• Greek: ζύμωση (el) f (zýmosi)
• Indonesian: fermentasi (id), peragian (id)
• Irish: coipeadh m
• Italian: fermentazione (it) f
• Japanese: 発酵 (ja), 醗酵 (ja) (はっこう, hakkō)
• Korean: 발효(醱酵) (ko) (balhyo)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: meyandin (ku)

• Latin: fermentātiō f
• Latvian: rūgšana f
• Macedonian: вриење n (vrienje), ферментација f (fermentacija)
• Malay: penapaian (ms)
• Māori: whakamoītanga
• Mongolian: исэлт (iselt), хөөлт (mn) (xöölt)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gjæring m or f, fermentering m or f

  Nynorsk: gjæring f, fermentering f

• Occitan: fermentacion (oc) f
• Polish: fermentacja (pl) f
• Portuguese: fermentação (pt) f
• Quechua: p'uchquy
• Romanian: fermentare (ro) f, fermentație (ro) f
• Russian: фермента́ция (ru) f (fermentácija), броже́ние (ru) n (brožénije)
• Slovene: vrenje n
• Spanish: fermentación (es) f
• Swahili: uchachushaji
• Swedish: jäsning (sv) c, fermentering (sv) c
• Tagalog: pagbuburo, pamamanis, pagkapanis
• Turkish: fermantasyon (tr)
• Ukrainian: броді́ння (uk) n (brodínnja), ферментува́ння n (fermentuvánnja)
• Vietnamese: lên men (vi)
• Volapük: färmäntam

state of agitation or excitement

• Catalan: fermentació (ca) f
• Finnish: käymistila
• Greek: ζύμωση (el) f (zýmosi)
• Latin: tumor m, fermentātiō f
• Macedonian: вриење n (vrienje), превирање n (previranje)
• Russian: возбужде́ние (ru) n (vozbuždénije), волне́ние (ru) n (volnénije)
• Slovene: vrenje n
• Spanish: fermentación (es) f

Anagrams

• infantometer

Danish

Etymology

From Latin fermentātiōnem.

Noun

fermentation c (singular definite fermentationen, plural indefinite fermentationer)

1. (rare) fermentation

   Synonym: fermentering

Declension

Declension of fermentation

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	fermentation	fermentationen	fermentationer	fermentationerne
genitive	fermentations	fermentationens	fermentationers	fermentationernes

References

• “fermentation” in Den Danske Ordbog

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fermentātiōnem. By surface analysis, fermenter +‎ -ation.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɛʁ.mɑ̃.ta.sjɔ̃/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Audio (Switzerland (Valais)):

  (file)

Noun

fermentation f (plural fermentations)

1. fermentation

Derived terms

• fermentation homolactique

Related terms

• fermenter

Descendants

• → Romanian: fermentație
• → Turkish: fermantasyon

Further reading

• “fermentation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012