envenenar

Portuguese

Etymology

From en- +‎ veneno (“poison”) +‎ -ar. Compare Latin venenāre. Compare Italian avvelenare, Romanian învenina, Spanish envenenar.

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ẽ.ve.neˈna(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ve.neˈna(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ɾ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ẽ.ve.neˈna(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.ve.neˈna(χ)]
- (Caipira) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.ve.neˈna(ɻ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.ve.neˈna(ɻ)/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.vɨ.nɨˈnaɾ/
- (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.bɨ.nɨˈnaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.vɨ.nɨˈna.ɾi/

(Portugal, South) IPA^(key): [ẽˈvnːaɾ]

Hyphenation: en‧ve‧ne‧nar

Verb

envenenar (first-person singular present enveneno, first-person singular preterite envenenei, past participle envenenado)

(transitive) to poison
- 1890, Aluizio Azevedo, O Cortiço, Rio de Janeiro: B. L. Garnier:
  Além disso, como?... Sim, como poderia despachá-la, sem deixar sinais comprometedores do crime?... Envenenando-a?... Dariam logo pela coisa! Matá-la a tiro?... Pior!
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(pronominal) to be poisoned; to take poison
(figuratively) to spoil; to destroy
(colloquial) to soup up (a car)

Conjugation

Conjugation of envenenar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	envenenar
Personal	envenenar	envenenares	envenenar	envenenarmos	envenenardes	envenenarem
Gerund
	envenenando
Past participle
Masculine	envenenado			envenenados
Feminine	envenenada			envenenadas
Indicative
Present	enveneno	envenenas	envenena	envenenamos	envenenais	envenenam
Imperfect	envenenava	envenenavas	envenenava	envenenávamos	envenenáveis	envenenavam
Preterite	envenenei	envenenaste	envenenou	envenenamos¹, envenenámos²	envenenastes	envenenaram
Pluperfect	envenenara	envenenaras	envenenara	envenenáramos	envenenáreis	envenenaram
Future	envenenarei	envenenarás	envenenará	envenenaremos	envenenareis	envenenarão
Conditional	envenenaria	envenenarias	envenenaria	envenenaríamos	envenenaríeis	envenenariam
Subjunctive
Present	envenene	envenenes	envenene	envenenemos	enveneneis	envenenem
Imperfect	envenenasse	envenenasses	envenenasse	envenenássemos	envenenásseis	envenenassem
Future	envenenar	envenenares	envenenar	envenenarmos	envenenardes	envenenarem
Imperative
Affirmative		envenena	envenene	envenenemos	envenenai	envenenem
Negative (não)		não envenenes	não envenene	não envenenemos	não enveneneis	não envenenem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Synonyms

(to poison): intoxicar
(to spoil): arruinar

Spanish

Etymology

Probably from en- +‎ veneno. Compare Latin venenāre. Compare Italian avvelenare, Portuguese envenenar, Romanian învenina.

Pronunciation

(General) IPA^(key): /embeneˈnaɾ/ [ẽm.be.neˈnaɾ]
Rhymes: -aɾ
Syllabification: en‧ve‧ne‧nar

Verb

envenenar (first-person singular present enveneno, first-person singular preterite envenené, past participle envenenado)

to poison
Synonym: emponzoñar
to interpret maliciously
to make bitter
(reflexive, Canary Islands) to get angry
Synonyms: enfadar, enojar, mosquear

Conjugation

Conjugation of envenenar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			envenenar
gerund			envenenando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		envenenado		envenenada
		plural		envenenados		envenenadas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	enveneno	envenenas^{^tú} envenenás^{^vos}	envenena	envenenamos	envenenáis	envenenan
	imperfect	envenenaba	envenenabas	envenenaba	envenenábamos	envenenabais	envenenaban
	preterite	envenené	envenenaste	envenenó	envenenamos	envenenasteis	envenenaron
	future	envenenaré	envenenarás	envenenará	envenenaremos	envenenaréis	envenenarán
	conditional	envenenaría	envenenarías	envenenaría	envenenaríamos	envenenaríais	envenenarían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	envenene	envenenes^{^tú} envenenés^{^vos²}	envenene	envenenemos	envenenéis	envenenen
	imperfect (ra)	envenenara	envenenaras	envenenara	envenenáramos	envenenarais	envenenaran
	imperfect (se)	envenenase	envenenases	envenenase	envenenásemos	envenenaseis	envenenasen
	future¹	envenenare	envenenares	envenenare	envenenáremos	envenenareis	envenenaren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		envenena^{^tú} envenená^{^vos}	envenene	envenenemos	envenenad	envenenen
	negative		no envenenes	no envenene	no envenenemos	no envenenéis	no envenenen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of envenenar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive envenenar	dative	envenenarme	envenenarte	envenenarle, envenenarse	envenenarnos	envenenaros	envenenarles, envenenarse
with infinitive envenenar	accusative	envenenarme	envenenarte	envenenarlo, envenenarla, envenenarse	envenenarnos	envenenaros	envenenarlos, envenenarlas, envenenarse

with gerund envenenando	dative	envenenándome	envenenándote	envenenándole, envenenándose	envenenándonos	envenenándoos	envenenándoles, envenenándose
with gerund envenenando	accusative	envenenándome	envenenándote	envenenándolo, envenenándola, envenenándose	envenenándonos	envenenándoos	envenenándolos, envenenándolas, envenenándose

with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative envenena	dative	envenéname	envenénate	envenénale	envenénanos	not used	envenénales
	accusative	envenéname	envenénate	envenénalo, envenénala	envenénanos	not used	envenénalos, envenénalas

with informal second-person singular voseo imperative envenená	dative	envenename	envenenate	envenenale	envenenanos	not used	envenenales
	accusative	envenename	envenenate	envenenalo, envenenala	envenenanos	not used	envenenalos, envenenalas

with formal second-person singular imperative envenene	dative	envenéneme	not used	envenénele, envenénese	envenénenos	not used	envenéneles
with formal second-person singular imperative envenene	accusative	envenéneme	not used	envenénelo, envenénela, envenénese	envenénenos	not used	envenénelos, envenénelas

with first-person plural imperative envenenemos	dative	not used	envenenémoste	envenenémosle	envenenémonos	envenenémoos	envenenémosles
with first-person plural imperative envenenemos	accusative	not used	envenenémoste	envenenémoslo, envenenémosla	envenenémonos	envenenémoos	envenenémoslos, envenenémoslas

with informal second-person plural imperative envenenad	dative	envenenadme	not used	envenenadle	envenenadnos	envenenaos	envenenadles
with informal second-person plural imperative envenenad	accusative	envenenadme	not used	envenenadlo, envenenadla	envenenadnos	envenenaos	envenenadlos, envenenadlas

with formal second-person plural imperative envenenen	dative	envenénenme	not used	envenénenle	envenénennos	not used	envenénenles, envenénense
with formal second-person plural imperative envenenen	accusative	envenénenme	not used	envenénenlo, envenénenla	envenénennos	not used	envenénenlos, envenénenlas, envenénense

envenenar

Portuguese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Synonyms

Further reading

Spanish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Related terms

Further reading