enferrujar

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Old Galician-Portuguese en-

Portuguese en-

Portuguese ferrugem

Portuguese -ar

Portuguese enferrujar

From en- + ferrugem (“rust”) + -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.fe.ʁuˈʒa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.fe.huˈʒa(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.fe.ʁuˈʒa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.fe.huˈʒa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.fe.ʁuˈʒa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.fe.huˈʒa(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.fe.ʁuˈʒa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.fe.huˈʒa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.fe.ʁuˈʒa(ɾ)/ [ẽ.fe.huˈʒa(ɾ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.fe.ʁuˈʒa(ɾ)/ [ĩ.fe.huˈʒa(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.fe.ʁuˈʒa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.fe.χuˈʒa(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.fe.ʁuˈʒa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.fe.χuˈʒa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.fe.ʁuˈʒa(ɻ)/ [ẽ.fe.huˈʒa(ɻ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.fe.ʁuˈʒa(ɻ)/ [ĩ.fe.huˈʒa(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.fɨ.ʁuˈʒaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.fɨ.ʁuˈʒaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.fɨ.ʁuˈʒa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: en‧fer‧ru‧jar

Verb

enferrujar (first-person singular present enferrujo, first-person singular preterite enferrujei, past participle enferrujado)

1. (intransitive) to rust (to become rusty)
2. (transitive) to rust (to cause to become rusty)
3. (figurative, intransitive) to rust (to become dull or impaired by inaction)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of enferrujar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	enferrujar
Personal	enferrujar	enferrujares	enferrujar	enferrujarmos	enferrujardes	enferrujarem
Gerund
	enferrujando
Past participle
Masculine	enferrujado			enferrujados
Feminine	enferrujada			enferrujadas
Indicative
Present	enferrujo	enferrujas	enferruja	enferrujamos	enferrujais	enferrujam
Imperfect	enferrujava	enferrujavas	enferrujava	enferrujávamos	enferrujáveis	enferrujavam
Preterite	enferrujei	enferrujaste	enferrujou	enferrujamos1, enferrujámos2	enferrujastes	enferrujaram
Pluperfect	enferrujara	enferrujaras	enferrujara	enferrujáramos	enferrujáreis	enferrujaram
Future	enferrujarei	enferrujarás	enferrujará	enferrujaremos	enferrujareis	enferrujarão
Conditional	enferrujaria	enferrujarias	enferrujaria	enferrujaríamos	enferrujaríeis	enferrujariam
Subjunctive
Present	enferruje	enferrujes	enferruje	enferrujemos	enferrujeis	enferrujem
Imperfect	enferrujasse	enferrujasses	enferrujasse	enferrujássemos	enferrujásseis	enferrujassem
Future	enferrujar	enferrujares	enferrujar	enferrujarmos	enferrujardes	enferrujarem
Imperative
Affirmative		enferruja	enferruje	enferrujemos	enferrujai	enferrujem
Negative (não)		não enferrujes	não enferruje	não enferrujemos	não enferrujeis	não enferrujem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• enferrujado
• enferrujamento

Further reading

• “enferrujar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “enferrujar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026