duk

See also: dük, dûk, dúḵ, -duk, and -dük

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Duduela with k as a placeholder.

Symbol

duk

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Uyajitaya.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Uyajitaya terms

Albanian

Alternative forms

• dok — Gheg

Etymology

See medio-passive voice form duket (“it seems like, appears like”).

Noun

duk

1. virtue
2. attribute

Verb

duk (aorist duk, participle dukur), active voice

1. it seemed
2. it looked like
3. it appeared

Conjugation

conjugation of duk (active voice)

participle (pjesorja)			dukur
gerund — present (përcjellorja — koha e tashme)			duke dukur
gerund — perfect (përcjellorja — koha e kryer)			duke pasë dukur
infinitive — present) (paskajorja — koha e tashme)			për të dukur
infinitive — perfect) (paskajorja — koha e kryer)			për të pasë dukur
		singular (numri njëjës)			plural (numri shumës)
		1st person (veta e parë)	2nd person (veta e dytë)	3rd person (veta e tretë)	1st person (veta e parë)	2nd person (veta e dytë)	3rd person (veta e tretë)
indicative (mënyra dëftore)		unë	ti	ai/ajo	ne	ju	ata/ato
	present (koha e tashme)	duk	duk	duk	dukim	dukni	dukin
	continuous present (koha e tashme e vazhdueshme)	po duk	po duk	po duk	po dukim	po dukni	po dukin
	imperfect (koha e pakryer)	dukja	dukje	dukte	duknim	duknit	duknin
	continuous imperfect (koha e pakryer e vazhdueshme)	po dukja	po dukje	po dukte	po duknim	po duknit	po duknin
	aorist (koha e kryer e thjeshtë)	duka	duke	duk	dukëm	dukët	dukën
	perfect (koha e kryer)	kam dukur	ke dukur	ka dukur	kemi dukur	keni dukur	kanë dukur
	past perfect I (koha e kryer e tejshkuar I)	kisha dukur	kishe dukur	kishte dukur	kishim dukur	kishit dukur	kishin dukur
	past perfect II (koha e kryer e tejshkuar II)	pata dukur	pate dukur	pat(i) dukur	patëm dukur	patët dukur	patën dukur
	future I (koha e ardhme I)	do të duk	do të dukësh	do të dukë	do të dukim	do të dukni	do të dukin
	future II (koha e ardhme II)	kam për të dukur	ke për të dukur	ka për të dukur	kemi për të dukur	keni për të dukur	kanë për të dukur
	future perfect I (koha e ardhme e përparme I)	do të kem dukur	do të kesh dukur	do të ke dukur	do të kemi dukur	do të keni dukur	do të kenë dukur
	future perfect II (koha e ardhme e përparme II)	kam për të pasë dukur	ke për të pasë dukur	ka për të pasë dukur	kemi për të pasë dukur	keni për të pasë dukur	kanë për të pasë dukur
subjunctive (mënyra lidhore)		unë	ti	ai/ajo	ne	ju	ata/ato
	present (koha e tashme)	të duk	të dukesh	të dukë	të dukim	të dukni	të dukin
	imperfect (koha e pakryer)	të dukja	të dukje	të dukte	të duknim	të duknit	të duknin
	perfect (koha e kryer)	të kem dukur	të kesh dukur	të ketë dukur	të kemi dukur	të keni dukur	të kenë dukur
	past perfect (koha e kryer e tejshkuar)	të kisha dukur	të kishe dukur	të kishte dukur	të kishim dukur	të kishit dukur	të kishin dukur
conditional (mënyra kushtore)		unë	ti	ai/ajo	ne	ju	ata/ato
	present (koha e tashme)	do të dukja	do të dukje	do të dukte	do të duknim	do të duknit	do të duknin
	perfect (koha e kryer)	do të kisha dukur	do të kishe dukur	do të kishte dukur	do të kishim dukur	do të kishit dukur	do të kishin dukur
optative (mënyra dëshirore)		unë	ti	ai/ajo	ne	ju	ata/ato
	present (koha e tashme)	duksha	duksh	duktë	dukshim	dukshi	dukshin
	perfect (koha e kryer)	paça dukur	paç dukur	pastë dukur	paçim dukur	paçi dukur	paçin dukur
admirative (mënyra habitore)		unë	ti	ai/ajo	ne	ju	ata/ato
	present (koha e tashme)	dukam	duke	duka	dukemi	dukeni	dukan
	imperfect (koha e pakryer)	dukësha	dukëshe	dukësh / dukej	dukëshim	dukëshit	dukëshin
	perfect (koha e kryer)	paskam dukur	paske dukur	paska dukur	paskemi dukur	paskeni dukur	paskan dukur
	pluperfect (koha e kryer)	paskësha dukur	paskëshe dukur	paskësh dukur / paskej dukur	paskëshim dukur	paskëshit dukur	paskëshin dukur
imperative (mënyra urdhërore)		—	ti	—	—	ju	—
		—	Duk! / Dok!*	—	—	Dukni! / Dokni!*	—
imperative — negatory (mënyra urdhërore — mohor)		—	ti	—	—	ju	—
		—	Mos duk! / Mos duk!*	—	—	Mos dukni! / Mos dokni!*	—

(*): Gheg forms

Antonyms

• zhduk

Derived terms

• zhduk
• dukje
• dukuri

Related terms

• duket
• dukem
• nduk
• ndihem
• ndiej

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duk/ [d̪uk]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uk
• Hyphenation: duk

Etymology 1

Verb

duk

1. familiar second-person singular masculine, with third-person singular direct object, present indicative of izan (“to have”, transitive auxiliary)

Etymology 2

Verb

duk

1. masculine allocutive of da (third-person singular, present indicative of izan (“to be”, intransitive auxiliary))

Danish

Verb

duk

1. imperative of dukke

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch doek, from Middle Dutch doec, from Old Dutch *duok, from Proto-Germanic *dōkaz.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈduk/ [ˈdʊk̚]
• Rhymes: -uk
• Syllabification: duk

Noun

duk (plural duk-duk)

1. a piece of cloth:
   1. cloth menstrual pad
   2. (surgery, colloquial) drape

Related terms

• handuk
• spanduk

Further reading

• “duk”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Alternative forms

• dok (pronunciation spelling)

Pronunciation

• (Literary Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈduk/ [ˈduʔ]
  • Rhymes: -uʔ

• (Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈdok/ [ˈdoʔ]
  • Rhymes: -oʔ
• Hyphenation: duk

Verb

duk (Jawi spelling دوق)

1. (colloquial) apheretic form of duduk (“to sit; to live; to stay”)

   Kau duk kat mana sekarang?

   Where do you live now?

   Dia duk kat Kedah sekarang.

   He/She lives in Kedah now.

2. (colloquial) be ...-ing (used as an auxiliary verb before another verb to indicate a continuous, progressive, or habitual action)

   Synonyms: sedang, tengah

   Awak duk buat apa tu?

   What are you doing?

Further reading

• "duk" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Mauritian Creole

Noun

duk

1. alternative spelling of douk

Middle English

Alternative forms

• deuk, dewke, doc, douk, doyk, duc, duck, dug, duke, dux, duyk, dwk

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French duc, from Latin dux.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diu̯k/, /duk/

Noun

duk (plural dukes)

1. leader, guide, boss
2. commander, general
3. noble, lord (especially of high rank)
   • c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “Paſſus xvııȷ᷒ ⁊c et ııȷ᷒ de Dobet”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 113, verso; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:

     Dukes of þis dymme place. anoon vndo þıſe yates / That crıſt may come In. þe kynges ſone of heuene

     Lords of this dark place, open these gates straight away, / so Christ, the King of Heaven's son, can come in.

4. duke (rank of nobility)
   • p. 1154, “AD 1129”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 87, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 8 February 2018:

     ſe an ƿæſ ᵹehaten petruſ · he ƿæſ munec of clunni ·⁊ ƿeaſ boren of þa ricceſte men of rome · mid him helden ða of rome ·⁊ ſe duc of ſicilie ·

     One was called Peter; he was a monk from Cluny who was descended from Rome's most powerful men. The people of Rome and the duke of Sicily sided with him.

   • c. 1340 [c. 1175], Kẏng Alıſaundre (Lincoln's Inn MS. Hale 150), Shropshire, translation of Roman de toute chevalerie by Thomas de Kent (in Anglo-Norman), published c. 1400, folio 82, recto; republished as Alysaunder, London: The Honourable Society of Lincoln’s Inn Rare Books and Manuscripts Online, 4 April 2023:

     […] ffoꝛ he hadde in þat rocher / Yloꝛe mony a counſeıler / Monẏ duẏk monẏ eoꝛl / Monẏ baroun knẏȝt sweẏn and cheoꝛl […]

     […] since he had at that cliff / lost many counsellors, / many dukes, many counts, / many barons, knights, attendants, and peasants […]

Related terms

• duche
• duchesse
• dukdom

Descendants

• English: duke
• Scots: duik, duke
• → Breton: duk
• → Cornish: duk
• → Irish: diúc
• → Manx: duic
• → Scottish Gaelic: diùc
• → Welsh: dug

References

• “dūk, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2 April 2018.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse dúkr and Middle Low German duk.

Noun

duk m (definite singular duken, indefinite plural duker, definite plural dukene)

1. a cloth, tablecloth, altar cloth, dropcloth etc.
2. canvas, tarpaulin
3. bandana, handkerchief
4. metal sieve

Derived terms

• bordduk

References

• “duk” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse dúkr and Middle Low German duk.

Noun

duk m (definite singular duken, indefinite plural dukar, definite plural dukane)

1. a cloth, tablecloth, altar cloth, dropcloth etc.
2. canvas, tarpaulin
3. bandana, handkerchief
4. metal sieve

Derived terms

• bordduk

References

• “duk” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *-Cuk.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʊk/
• Rhymes: -dʊk
• Hyphenation: duk

Noun

duk

1. stab, thrust
2. while
3. (black) fibre of the sugar palm

Derived terms

• aduk-dukan
• anduk
• aṅduk
• aṅdukakĕn
• dinuk
• dinūkakĕn
• dukduk
• dumuk
• dumukakĕn
• pandukan
• paṅduk

Adverb

duk

1. just while

Further reading

• "duk" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Pangutaran Sama

Noun

duk

1. garbage

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈduk/

• (Greater Poland):
  • (Kuyavia) IPA^(key): [ˈduk]
• (Masovia):
  • (Far Masovian) IPA^(key): [ˈduk]
• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Goral):
    • (Zagórze) IPA^(key): [ˈduk]

• Rhymes: -uk
• Syllabification: duk
• Homophone: Duk

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Ciszewski points to Bruckner Prace fil. VI page 625 and duczaja”)

Noun

duk m inan

1. (Far Masovian) hole in a tree caused by decay
2. (Far Masovian) barrel for holding grain
3. (Kuyavia) synonym of studnia

Etymology 2

See duch.

Noun

duk m animal

1. (Zagórze) alternative form of duch (“spirit, apparition”)

Further reading

• Stanisław Ciszewski (1909), “duk”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary mazowieckiej”, in Prace Filologiczne‎^[1] (in Polish), volume 7, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 205
• Kazimierz Nitsch (1907), “duk”, in “Dyalekty polskie Prus zachodnich”, in Materyały i Prace Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie (in Polish), volume 3, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 387
• Józefa Kobylińska (2001), “duch”, in Marian Kucała, editor, Słownik gwary gorczańskiej (zagórzańskiej)‎^[2] (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, →ISBN, page 33

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse dúkr, from Proto-Germanic *dōkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dwōg-, *dwōk-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdʉːk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʉːk

Noun

duk c

1. tablecloth; a similar piece of cloth used for protection or decoration of e.g. a chest of drawers
2. (painting) canvas
3. piece of cloth whose purpose is specified by the context

   Examples: halsduk, näsduk, segelduk

Declension

Declension of duk

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	duk	duks
	definite	duken	dukens
plural	indefinite	dukar	dukars
	definite	dukarna	dukarnas

Related terms

• bordsduk
• flaggduk
• halsduk
• handduk
• huvudduk
• näsduk
• tältduk
• vita duken

Further reading

• “duk”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)

Uzbek

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

duk (plural duklar)

1. rapping, banging, tapping, thumping noise
2. spindle

   Synonym: yig

Declension

Declension of duk

	singular	plural
nominative	duk	duklar
genitive	dukning	duklarning
dative	dukka	duklarga
definite accusative	dukni	duklarni
locative	dukda	duklarda
ablative	dukdan	duklardan
similative	dukdek	duklardek

Possessive forms of duk

1st person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	dukim	duklarim
genitive	dukimning	duklarimning
dative	dukimga	duklarimga
definite accusative	dukimni	duklarimni
locative	dukimda	duklarimda
ablative	dukimdan	duklarimdan
similative	dukimdek	duklarimdek
2nd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	duking	duklaring
genitive	dukingning	duklaringning
dative	dukingga	duklaringga
definite accusative	dukingni	duklaringni
locative	dukingda	duklaringda
ablative	dukingdan	duklaringdan
similative	dukingdek	duklaringdek
3rd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	duki	duklari
genitive	dukining	duklarining
dative	dukiga	duklariga
definite accusative	dukini	duklarini
locative	dukida	duklarida
ablative	dukidan	duklaridan
similative	dukidek	duklaridek
1st person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	dukimiz	duklarimiz
genitive	dukimizning	duklarimizning
dative	dukimizga	duklarimizga
definite accusative	dukimizni	duklarimizni
locative	dukimizda	duklarimizda
ablative	dukimizdan	duklarimizdan
similative	dukimizdek	duklarimizdek
2nd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	dukingiz	duklaringiz
genitive	dukingizning	duklaringizning
dative	dukingizga	duklaringizga
definite accusative	dukingizni	duklaringizni
locative	dukingizda	duklaringizda
ablative	dukingizdan	duklaringizdan
similative	dukingizdek	duklaringizdek
3rd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	duki	duklari
genitive	dukining	duklarining
dative	dukiga	duklariga
definite accusative	dukini	duklarini
locative	dukida	duklarida
ablative	dukidan	duklaridan
similative	dukidek	duklaridek