debeo

Latin

Alternative forms

• dēhibeō

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *de

Proto-Indo-European *-h₁

Proto-Indo-European *déh₁

Proto-Italic *dē

Latin dē

Latin dē-

Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti

Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₁bʰéh₁yeti

Proto-Italic *haβēō

Latin habeō

Latin debeo

Contraction of *dēhibeō, from dē- +‎ habeō (“have”), though "I hold away (from someone)". See the same contraction in dēbilis. Compare the later formed dēhabeō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈdeː.be.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈdɛː.be.o]

Verb

dēbeō (present infinitive dēbēre, perfect active dēbuī, supine dēbitum); second conjugation

1. to owe something, to be under obligation to and for something

   Synonyms: amō, obligor (passive voice of obligō only)

   • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 1.1.3:

     [...] nēmō sē iūdicet quicquam dēbēre quī tempus accēpit, cum interim hoc ūnum est quod nē grātus quidem potest reddere.

     [Yet] no one who receives [a gift of] time judges himself to owe anything [in return], when meanwhile this one [thing] is in fact what not even a grateful [person] is able to repay.

2. to be bound, in duty bound to do something; "ought", "must", "should"
3. to be owed, to be due (when in passive voice)
4. to have or keep from someone (in its original, etymological sense)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of dēbeō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	dēbeō		dēbēs		dēbet		dēbēmus		dēbētis		dēbent
	imperfect	dēbēbam		dēbēbās		dēbēbat		dēbēbāmus		dēbēbātis		dēbēbant
	future	dēbēbō		dēbēbis		dēbēbit		dēbēbimus		dēbēbitis		dēbēbunt
	perfect	dēbuī		dēbuistī		dēbuit		dēbuimus		dēbuistis		dēbuērunt, dēbuēre
	pluperfect	dēbueram		dēbuerās		dēbuerat		dēbuerāmus		dēbuerātis		dēbuerant
	future perfect	dēbuerō		dēbueris		dēbuerit		dēbuerimus		dēbueritis		dēbuerint
passive	present	dēbeor		dēbēris, dēbēre		dēbētur		dēbēmur		dēbēminī		dēbentur
	imperfect	dēbēbar		dēbēbāris, dēbēbāre		dēbēbātur		dēbēbāmur		dēbēbāminī		dēbēbantur
	future	dēbēbor		dēbēberis, dēbēbere		dēbēbitur		dēbēbimur		dēbēbiminī		dēbēbuntur
	perfect	dēbitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	dēbitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	dēbitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	dēbeam		dēbeās		dēbeat		dēbeāmus		dēbeātis		dēbeant
	imperfect	dēbērem		dēbērēs		dēbēret		dēbērēmus		dēbērētis		dēbērent
	perfect	dēbuerim		dēbuerīs		dēbuerit		dēbuerīmus		dēbuerītis		dēbuerint
	pluperfect	dēbuissem		dēbuissēs		dēbuisset		dēbuissēmus		dēbuissētis		dēbuissent
passive	present	dēbear		dēbeāris, dēbeāre		dēbeātur		dēbeāmur		dēbeāminī		dēbeantur
	imperfect	dēbērer		dēbērēris, dēbērēre		dēbērētur		dēbērēmur		dēbērēminī		dēbērentur
	perfect	dēbitus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	dēbitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		dēbē		—		—		dēbēte		—
	future	—		dēbētō		dēbētō		—		dēbētōte		dēbentō
passive	present	—		dēbēre		—		—		dēbēminī		—
	future	—		dēbētor		dēbētor		—		—		dēbentor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		dēbēre			dēbērī			dēbēns			—
future		dēbitūrum esse			dēbitum īrī			dēbitūrus			dēbendus
perfect		dēbuisse			dēbitum esse			—			dēbitus
future perfect		—			dēbitum fore			—			—
perfect potential		dēbitūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		dēbendī		dēbendō		dēbendum		dēbendō		dēbitum		dēbitū

Synonyms

• cogo
• decet
• necesse est
• oportet
• opus est
• par est

Derived terms

• dēbitiō
• dēbitor
• dēbitrix
• dēbitum

Descendants

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: dèpere, depi, dèpiri, dèvere
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Corsican: duveri
  • Dalmatian: dovar
  • Italian: dovere
  • Venetan: dover
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: dovê
  • Ladin: dovei
  • Romansh: dovair, duer
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Ligurian: dovéi
  • Piedmontese: dovej
  • Lombard: düsì, doè, dovei, dovè
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: devêr
  • Old French: devoir (see there for further descendants)
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: deure
  • Occitan: dever, deure, deveir
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: dever, deure
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: dever
    • Fala: debel
    • Galician: deber
    • Portuguese: dever
  • Old Leonese: dever
    • Asturian: deber
    • Leonese: debere
    • Mirandese: deber
  • Old Spanish: dever
    • Ladino: dever
    • Spanish: deber
• Borrowings:
  • → Interlingua: deber

Further reading

• “debeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “debeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “debeo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to owe gratitude to; to be under an obligation to a person: gratiam alicui debere
    
  • to owe some one money: pecuniam alicui debere
    
  • the debtor: debitor, or is qui debet
    
  • the creditor: creditor, or is cui debeo
    
  • from this it appears, is apparent: ex quo intellegitur or intellegi potest, debet
    
  • there is nothing strange in that: neque id mirum est or videri debet
    
• debeo in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Marshallese

Pronunciation

• (phonetics) IPA^(key): [rʲebˠeo]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /rʲepˠejew/
• Bender phonemes: {dȩbȩyȩw}

Noun

debeo

1. alternative form of bweo

References

• Abo, Takaji; Bender Byron W.; Capelle, Alfred; DeBrum, Tony (2009–), “bweo”, in Marshallese–English Online Dictionary‎^[3]

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *debelъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /děbeo/
• Hyphenation: de‧be‧o

Adjective

dèbeo (Cyrillic spelling дѐбео, definite dèbelī, comparative dȅbljī)

1. fat
2. thick

Declension

positive indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		debeo	debela	debelo
genitive		debela	debele	debela
dative		debelu	debeloj	debelu
accusative	inanimate animate	debeo debela	debelu	debelo
vocative		debeo	debela	debelo
locative		debelu	debeloj	debelu
instrumental		debelim	debelom	debelim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		debeli	debele	debela
genitive		debelih	debelih	debelih
dative		debelim(a)	debelim(a)	debelim(a)
accusative		debele	debele	debela
vocative		debeli	debele	debela
locative		debelim(a)	debelim(a)	debelim(a)
instrumental		debelim(a)	debelim(a)	debelim(a)

positive definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		debeli	debela	debelo
genitive		debelog(a)	debele	debelog(a)
dative		debelom(u/e)	debeloj	debelom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	debeli debelog(a)	debelu	debelo
vocative		debeli	debela	debelo
locative		debelom(e/u)	debeloj	debelom(e/u)
instrumental		debelim	debelom	debelim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		debeli	debele	debela
genitive		debelih	debelih	debelih
dative		debelim(a)	debelim(a)	debelim(a)
accusative		debele	debele	debela
vocative		debeli	debele	debela
locative		debelim(a)	debelim(a)	debelim(a)
instrumental		debelim(a)	debelim(a)	debelim(a)

comparative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		deblji	deblja	deblje
genitive		debljeg(a)	deblje	debljeg(a)
dative		debljem(u)	debljoj	debljem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	deblji debljeg(a)	deblju	deblje
vocative		deblji	deblja	deblje
locative		debljem(u)	debljoj	debljem(u)
instrumental		debljim	debljom	debljim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		deblji	deblje	deblja
genitive		debljih	debljih	debljih
dative		debljim(a)	debljim(a)	debljim(a)
accusative		deblje	deblje	deblja
vocative		deblji	deblje	deblja
locative		debljim(a)	debljim(a)	debljim(a)
instrumental		debljim(a)	debljim(a)	debljim(a)

superlative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najdeblji	najdeblja	najdeblje
genitive		najdebljeg(a)	najdeblje	najdebljeg(a)
dative		najdebljem(u)	najdebljoj	najdebljem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najdeblji najdebljeg(a)	najdeblju	najdeblje
vocative		najdeblji	najdeblja	najdeblje
locative		najdebljem(u)	najdebljoj	najdebljem(u)
instrumental		najdebljim	najdebljom	najdebljim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najdeblji	najdeblje	najdeblja
genitive		najdebljih	najdebljih	najdebljih
dative		najdebljim(a)	najdebljim(a)	najdebljim(a)
accusative		najdeblje	najdeblje	najdeblja
vocative		najdeblji	najdeblje	najdeblja
locative		najdebljim(a)	najdebljim(a)	najdebljim(a)
instrumental		najdebljim(a)	najdebljim(a)	najdebljim(a)

Antonyms

• tanak
• mršav