accumbo

Latin

Alternative forms

• adcumbō

Etymology

From ad- +‎ *cumbō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [akˈkʊm.boː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [akˈkum.bo]

Verb

accumbō (present infinitive accumbere, perfect active accubuī, supine accubitum); third conjugation

1. (ambitransitive) to recline at a meal or dinner, on a Roman lectus [with ablative; or with in and ablative; in addition, (rare) with accusative]

   Synonyms: accubitō, accubō

   in epulō accumbere ― to recline at a meal, partake of a dinner

   • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 1.66:

     Tum ille, ut aliquid responderet, negavit moris esse Graecorum ut in convivio virorum accumberent mulieres.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 28.18:

     […] ; eodem etiam lecto Scipio atque Hasdrubal quia ita cordi erat regi accubuerunt.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (absolute, intransitive) to dine, have a meal in the Roman fashion
   • c. 197 BCE, Plautus, Persa 768–769:

     Hoc age, accumbe. Hunc diem suavem
     meum natalem agitemus amoenum. Date aquam manibus, apponite mensam.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 46 BCE, Cicero, Pro rege Deiotaro 17:

     […] : huc [castellum Blucium] te e balneo, prius quam accumberes, ducere volebat; […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (very rare, pre-classical, intransitive) to lie somewhere
   • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Mostellaria 326:

     Cave modo, ne prius in via accumbas,
     quam illi, ubi lectus est stratus, concumbimus.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

4. (very rare, transitive) to lie with, beside [with dative; or with accusative];
   • c. 50 BCE – 19 BCE, Albius Tibullus, Elegiae 1.9.75:

     Huic tamen accubuit noster puer: hunc ego credam
     cum trucibus uenerem iungere posse feris.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   1. (Plautine) especially: scortum accumbere, to sleep with a prostitute
      • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 475–476:

        Prandi, potavi, scortum accubui, apstuli
        hanc, quoius heres numquam erit post hunc diem.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 1141–1142:

        Prandi perbene,
        potavi atque accubui scortum, pallam et aurum hoc <abstuli>.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • c. 190 BCE, Plautus, Bacchides 68–72:

        Vbi ego capiam pro machaera turturem, […] ,ubi mihi pro equo lectus detur, scortum pro scuto accu<m>bet?

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • c. 190 BCE, Plautus, Bacchides 1188–1189:

        Quod di dant boni cave culpa tua amissis:
        dimidium auri datur: accipias, potesque et scortum accumbas.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of accumbō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	accumbō		accumbis		accumbit		accumbimus		accumbitis		accumbunt
	imperfect	accumbēbam		accumbēbās		accumbēbat		accumbēbāmus		accumbēbātis		accumbēbant
	future	accumbam		accumbēs		accumbet		accumbēmus		accumbētis		accumbent
	perfect	accubuī		accubuistī		accubuit		accubuimus		accubuistis		accubuērunt, accubuēre
	pluperfect	accubueram		accubuerās		accubuerat		accubuerāmus		accubuerātis		accubuerant
	future perfect	accubuerō		accubueris		accubuerit		accubuerimus		accubueritis		accubuerint
passive	present	accumbor		accumberis, accumbere		accumbitur		accumbimur		accumbiminī		accumbuntur
	imperfect	accumbēbar		accumbēbāris, accumbēbāre		accumbēbātur		accumbēbāmur		accumbēbāminī		accumbēbantur
	future	accumbar		accumbēris, accumbēre		accumbētur		accumbēmur		accumbēminī		accumbentur
	perfect	accubitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	accubitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	accubitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	accumbam		accumbās		accumbat		accumbāmus		accumbātis		accumbant
	imperfect	accumberem		accumberēs		accumberet		accumberēmus		accumberētis		accumberent
	perfect	accubuerim		accubuerīs		accubuerit		accubuerīmus		accubuerītis		accubuerint
	pluperfect	accubuissem		accubuissēs		accubuisset		accubuissēmus		accubuissētis		accubuissent
passive	present	accumbar		accumbāris, accumbāre		accumbātur		accumbāmur		accumbāminī		accumbantur
	imperfect	accumberer		accumberēris, accumberēre		accumberētur		accumberēmur		accumberēminī		accumberentur
	perfect	accubitus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	accubitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		accumbe		—		—		accumbite		—
	future	—		accumbitō		accumbitō		—		accumbitōte		accumbuntō
passive	present	—		accumbere		—		—		accumbiminī		—
	future	—		accumbitor		accumbitor		—		—		accumbuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		accumbere			accumbī			accumbēns			—
future		accubitūrum esse			accubitum īrī			accubitūrus			accumbendus, accumbundus
perfect		accubuisse			accubitum esse			—			accubitus
future perfect		—			accubitum fore			—			—
perfect potential		accubitūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		accumbendī		accumbendō		accumbendum		accumbendō		accubitum		accubitū

Derived terms

• accubitus
• accumbēns

Descendants

• → English: accumb
• → Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌼𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (anakumbjan)
• → Greek: ακουμπάω (akoumpáo), ακουμπίζω (akoumpízo), ακουμπώ (akoumpó)

References

• “accumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “accumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “accumbo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.