Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hungruz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *hunhruz (East Germanic)

Etymology

From pre-Proto-Germanic *kunkr-ú-s, derived from some Proto-Indo-European zero-grade r-stem *kn̥k-r- (perhaps with the suffix *-rós, but the Germanic u-stem noun is suspicious), from the root *kenk- (“to hunger, ache”). Cognate with Lithuanian keñkras (“lean, emaciated”), keñkti (“to ache”), Ancient Greek κέγκει (kénkei, “is hungry”), κάγκανος (kánkanos, “arid, barren”), and possibly further with Hittite 𒅗𒀀𒉌𒅔𒋾 (/⁠kāninti⁠/, “thirst”, loc.sg.). Note also strong resemblance with Sanskrit काङ्क्षति (kāṅkṣati, “to desire”), though a formal relation appears difficult.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxuŋ.ɡruz/

Noun

*hungruz m

1. hunger

Inflection

Declension of *hungruz (u-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*hungruz	*hungriwiz
vocative	*hungru	*hungriwiz
accusative	*hungrų	*hungrunz
genitive	*hungrauz	*hungriwǫ̂
dative	*hungriwi	*hungrumaz
instrumental	*hungrū	*hungrumiz

Derived terms

• *hungrijaną
• *hungrōną
• *hungrugaz
• *hunhōną
  • Old Norse: há (“to tease, pain”)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hungr
  • Old English: hungor
    • Middle English: hunger, hunguer, honguer, honger, hungre, hongre, hungere, hongur, hounger, hounguer, hungir, hungyr, hungur, hungær, hungor, hunnꟑerr (Early Middle English)
      • English: hunger
      • Scots: hounger, hunger
  • Old Frisian: hunger
    • West Frisian: honger, hûnger
    • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: Geehunger
  • Old Saxon: hungar
    • Middle Low German: hunger
      • German Low German: Hunger
  • Old Dutch: hunger
    • Middle Dutch: honger
      • Dutch: honger
        • Afrikaans: honger
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: hungru
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: hunger
        • →? Sranan Tongo: angri, hangri
          • → Saramaccan: hángi, ángi
      • Limburgish: hónger
  • Old High German: hungar
    • Middle High German: hunger
      • Central Franconian:
        • Hunsrik: Hunger
        • Luxembourgish: Honger
      • Cimbrian: hungar, hummar (Luserna)
      • German: Hunger
      • Yiddish: הונגער (hunger)
• Old Norse: hungr
  • Icelandic: hungur
  • Faroese: hungur
  • Norwegian: hunger
  • Old Swedish: hunger
    • Swedish: hunger
  • Old Danish: hunger
    • Danish: hunger
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌷𐍂𐌿𐍃 (hūhrus)

References

• Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*kenk- ‘hunger’”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 284