-ken

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ken"

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-ken n (plural -kens)

1. alternative form of -ke

German

Etymology

From -ken, German Low German form of standard -chen, from Middle Low German -kin, from Old Saxon -kīn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kən/

Suffix

-ken n (plural 1 -ken, plural 2 -kens, plural 3 -kes)

1. (colloquial, regional, Northern Germany, Westphalia) used to make diminutives

   Haus → Häusken ― little house

   Dorf → Dörfken ― little village

   Pulle → Pülleken ― little bottle

Usage notes

• After stops, particularly after k, a linking -s- is often inserted: Pack → Päcksken (cp. Päckchen (“parcel”)).
• Sometimes an old linking -e- is also preserved: Mann → Männeken.

Derived terms

German terms suffixed with -ken

bissken

Bütterken

Fietsken

Häusken

Heineken

Krösken

Männeken

Pädken

Pülleken

• Häusken
• Herzken
• Käffken
• Mäusken
• Pülleken

Related terms

• Döneken
• Päcksken

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kən]
• Hyphenation: kên

Suffix

-kên

1. (dialect, Java) alternative form of -kan

   memutuskan (standard) >> mêmutuskên (dialect)

   menyatakan (standard) >> mênyatakên (dialect)

   “Saya memutusken, ehem, untuk menyataken berhenti dari jabatan saya sebagai Presiden Republik Indonesia, terhitung sejak saya bacaken pernyataan ini pada hari ini, Kamis 21 Mei 1998.” ― I decided, um, to declare of resignation from my post as President of the Republic of Indonesia since I read this declaration on today, Thursday, 21 May 1998.

Japanese

Romanization

-ken

1. Rōmaji transcription of けん

Low German

Alternative forms

• -ke (Low Prussian)
• -sken
• -schen

Suffix

-ken n (plural -kens or -kes) (German Low German)

1. used to make diminutives

Derived terms

• Bömken
• Engelken
• Heken (“male (animal)”)
• Männken, Männeken
• Seken (“female (animal)”)
• Vägelken

See also

• (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) -ing
• (East Frisian) -je, -tje, -ke

Middle English

Alternative forms

• -ke

Etymology

Inherited from Old English -cian, from Proto-West Germanic *-ukōn, *-ikōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ukōną, *-ikōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-kən/

Suffix

-ken

1. (no longer productive) Forms verbs with an frequentative or intensive force from nouns or other verbs.

Derived terms

Middle English terms suffixed with -ken

yarken

Descendants

• English: -k, (dialectal) -ock
  • ⇒ English: jummock (“to jolt, work up and down”) (dialectal)
• Scots: -k

Turkish

Alternative forms

• -kene, -kan, -kana (dialectal)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـكن (-ken). Equivalent of iken (“while”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /cæn/

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	a / ı / o / u	e / i / ö / ü
postconsonantal	-ken	-ken
postvocalic	-yken	-yken

-ken

1. while, whilst, when, as

   Gençken daha hızlı koşardım.

   I used to run much faster when I was young.

   Hazır dışarı çıkmışken bir de kedi maması al.

   Since you're out already, buy us some cat food.

   Tam yemeğe başlayacakken kapı çaldı.

   Right when we were about to start the dinner, the door rang.

Etymology 2

	preceding vowel
	a / ı / o / u	e / i / ö / ü
default	-gan	-gen
assimilated	-kan	-ken

From Proto-Turkic *-gan, *-gen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /cen/

Suffix

-ken

1. Assimilated form of -gan after the vowels E / İ / Ö / Ü.

   ‎gez- (“to wander, to go about”) + ‎-egen → ‎gezegen (“planet”)

   ‎çekin- (“to abstain, to hesitate”) + ‎-gen → ‎çekingen (“shy, reserved”)

   ‎çalış- (“to work, to study”) + ‎-kan → ‎çalışkan (“hardworking”)