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辭

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 詞, 辞, 辝, and 辤
辭 U+8FAD, 辭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FAD
← 辬
[U+8FAC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 辮 →
[U+8FAE]

Translingual

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Japanese 辞
Simplified 辞
Traditional 辭

Han character

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辭 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+12, 19 strokes, Cangjie input 月月卜廿十 (BBYTJ), four-corner 20241, composition ⿰𤔔辛)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1252, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38671
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1732, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4043, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+8FAD

Chinese

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trad. 辭
simp. 辞
alternative forms
𤔲
辤
辞
𤔧
辝
𤔲
辤
辞
𤔧
辝
𨐲
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 辭
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (辭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
辤 *ljɯ
辭 *ljɯ

In oracle bone and Western Zhou bronze inscriptions, the left component 𤔔 depicts hands drawing out silk threads with a 壬/工-shaped element at the centre (perhaps a reeling tool or a midpoint marker), representing the act of ordering and sorting silk. The right component is 𬔖 (original form of 刈), also carrying the sense "to put in order"; it sometimes appears with 口 appended, and some forms further prefix 言 at the far left. Compare 𤔲, a related graph using 司 on the right, attested in bronze inscriptions for both 司 and 嗣.

The right-side 辛 of the received form is a graphic corruption of 𬔖, functioning as a phonophoric supplying *l-type phonetic information. The left component 𤔔 may itself carry a phonetic hint related to 絲 (OC *sə, “silk”), supplying *s-; together they yield the *sl- cluster of the word.

Within the *slə phonetic neighbourhood, several semantic clusters are discernible: (a) continuation, succession, resemblance (e.g. 嗣, 似); (b) presentation, bestowal, feeding (e.g. 祠, 飼); (c) display, arrangement, ordering (e.g. 肆, 司); (d) fibre, cordage, spinning (e.g. 絲). The semantic development of 辭 itself likely ran: to draw out and order silk threads → to sort out a legal case; plea, testimony → words, rhetoric → to take leave; to decline.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • so2 - literary;
  • si2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • sîr/sû - literary;
  • sî - vernacular.
Note: se5 - diction, phraseology (in 修辭, 講辭).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 辭
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Harbin /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Kunming /t͡sʰz̩²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰz̩¹³/
/sz̩¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩²¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sz̩¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zz̩¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰï¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰi²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰi²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /su³⁵/
/si³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sy⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡su²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /sɯ⁵⁵/
/si⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ti³¹/ ～別
/si³¹/ ～典
Rime
Character 辭
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 似兹切
Baxter zi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/zɨ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/zɨ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/zie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/zɨ/
Li
Rong 		/ziə/
Wang
Li 		/zĭə/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/zi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ci4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 辭
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zi ›
Old
Chinese 		/*sə.lə/
English words

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 辭
Reading # 1/1
No. 1684
Phonetic
component 		辭
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		詞
Old
Chinese 		/*ljɯ/

Definitions

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辭

  1. diction; phraseology; speech; words
    See also: 詞
    修辭／修辞  ―  xiūcí  ―  rhetoric (literally, “refinement of speech”)
    辭書／辞书  ―  císhū  ―  dictionary; wordbook
  2. Ci (a form of classical poetry)
    《楚辭》／《楚辞》  ―  “Chǔcí”  ―  Verses of Chu
  3. (obsolete) legal statement; deposition; testimony; confession
  5. to depart; to take one's leave
    告辭／告辞  ―  gàocí  ―  goodbye (literally, “allow me to take leave”)
  6. to dismiss; to discharge; to fire
    辭退／辞退  ―  cítuì  ―  to discharge
  7. to resign; to hand in
    辭職／辞职  ―  cízhí  ―  to resign one's office; to tender one's resignation
  8. to shirk; to decline
    不辭勞苦／不辞劳苦  ―  bùcíláokǔ  ―  to spare no effort
  9. to apologize (to accept fault and invite the pardon of the offended)
  10. to excuse; to make up excuses (to provide explanation to lessen someone's fault)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 解僱 (“to terminate someone's employment; to fire; to sack”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 解僱, 辭退, 解聘, 開除, 革除, 解職
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 解僱, 炒魷魚
Singapore 開除, 炒魷魚
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 開銷
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 開銷, 開除
Liuzhou 炒魷魚
Cantonese Guangzhou 炒魷魚, 炒魷
Hong Kong 炒魷魚, 炒魷, 炒, 豉椒炒魷, 開除, 辭, 請食無情雞, 雞
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 除職
Macau 炒魷魚
Guangzhou (Panyu) 炒魷魚
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 炒魷魚
Guangzhou (Conghua) 炒魷魚
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 辭退
Foshan 炒魷魚
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 炒魷魚
Foshan (Shunde) 炒魷魚
Foshan (Sanshui) 炒魷魚
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 唔使
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 炒魷魚
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 炒魷魚
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 唔請
Zhuhai (Doumen) 唔請
Jiangmen (Baisha) 炒魷魚, 唔請
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 唔請
Taishan 唔請, 炒魷魚, 炒
Kaiping (Chikan) 唔請, 炒魷魚
Enping (Niujiang) 唔請
Heshan (Yayao) 辭工
Dongguan 炒魷魚
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 炒魷魚
Singapore (Guangfu) 炒魷魚
Gan Pingxiang 開銷
Hakka Meixian 辭退, 解僱, 炒魷魚
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 唔愛去做, 炒魷魚, 打豎鋪
Dongguan (Qingxi) 炒魷魚
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 炒魷魚
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 炒魷魚
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 解僱
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 解僱
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 解僱
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 解僱
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 解僱
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 解僱
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 辭
Southern Min Xiamen 辭頭路, 辭, 齧拗, 齧捒
Zhao'an 辭退
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 辭頭路
Kaohsiung (Cieding) 辭頭路
Changhua (Yongjing) 辭頭路
Tainan 辭頭路
Tainan (Anping) 辭頭路
Chiayi 辭頭路
Chiayi County (Dongshi) 辭頭路
Singapore (Hokkien) 卜頭路
Manila (Hokkien) 擗捒, 刣捒
Shantou 解僱, 炒鰇魚
Jieyang 清, 炒鰇魚
Haifeng 炒鰇魚
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 除工
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 炒魷魚
Wu Shanghai 炒魷魚
Hangzhou 回報
Xiang Changsha 開銷

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 辞
Kyūjitai 辭

Kanji

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辭

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 辞)

  1. words
  2. speech
  3. expression
  4. phrase

Readings

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  • Go-on: じ (ji)
  • Kan-on: し (shi)
  • Kun: やめる (yameru, 辭める)

Definitions

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For pronunciation and definitions of 辭 – see the following entry.
【言葉ことば】
[noun] [from 759] a word, a term
[noun] [from 934] language, speech
Alternative spellings
詞, 辞
(This term, 辭, is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling (辞) of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

辭 (eumhun 말씀 사 (malsseum sa))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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辭: Hán Nôm readings: từ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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