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俗

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 𠈻
俗 U+4FD7, 俗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FD7
← 俖
[U+4FD6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 俘 →
[U+4FD8]

Translingual

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Han character

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俗 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 人金人口 (OCOR), four-corner 28268, composition ⿰亻谷)

Usage notes

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This character is not to be confused with 𠈻 (U+2023B) which has 𧮫 instead of 谷 as its right component.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 221, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 163, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+4FD7

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 俗
alternative forms 𢓾
圱

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 俗
Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
b12355
b12356
b12357
b12358
b12359
b12360
s05809
Transcribed ancient scripts
L37601
L37602
L37603
L37604
L25644
L25645
L25646
L25647
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (谷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
螸 *lo
裕 *loɡs
容 *loŋ
溶 *loŋ, *loŋʔ
鎔 *loŋ
蓉 *loŋ
傛 *loŋ, *loŋʔ
褣 *loŋ
搈 *loŋ
瑢 *loŋ
嵱 *loŋ
熔 *loŋ
榕 *loŋ
塎 *loŋʔ
谷 *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ
唂 *kloːɡ
焀 *ɡloːɡ
俗 *ljoɡ
欲 *loɡ
浴 *loɡ
鵒 *loɡ
峪 *ɦkloːɡ
鋊 *loɡ
輍 *loɡ
慾 *loɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ljoɡ): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ) – customs of people.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ləwk (“custom; manner”) (STEDT, under *luk). Cognate with Tibetan ལུགས (lugs, “tradition; custom”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sio̍k - literary (“cheap; custom”);
  • sio̍h - vernacular (俗) (“boring; lonely; ordinary”).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 俗
Mandarin Beijing /su³⁵/
Harbin /ɕy²⁴/
/su²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕy⁴⁵/
/su⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕy⁴²/
Qingdao /sy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /sy⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕy²⁴/
Xining /ɕy²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕy¹³/
Lanzhou /su⁵³/
Ürümqi /su²¹³/
Wuhan /səu²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕyo³¹/
/ɕy³¹/
Guiyang /ɕiu²¹/
Kunming /su³¹/
Nanjing /suʔ⁵/
Hefei /suəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zoʔ¹/
Suzhou /zoʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡zoʔ²/
Wenzhou /jo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /su²²/
Tunxi /siu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /səu²⁴/
Xiangtan /səɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /siuk̚⁵/
Taoyuan /siuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sok̚²/
Nanning /suk̚²²/
Hong Kong /t͡suk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /siɔk̚⁵/
/sioʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /syʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /sy²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sok̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tok̚³/
Rime
Character 俗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 燭 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 似足切
Baxter zjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/zɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ziok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ziok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/zuawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ziok̚/
Wang
Li 		/zĭwok̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/zi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zuk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 俗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zjowk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-[ɢ]ok/
English ways, customs; vulgar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 俗
Reading # 1/1
No. 4302
Phonetic
component 		谷
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		續
Old
Chinese 		/*ljoɡ/

Definitions

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俗

  1. vulgar; unrefined; common; popular; vernacular
  2. (Hokkien) cheap; inexpensive
  3. custom; practice; habit
  4. (Buddhism) those of the secular world; non-monks
  5. (Mainland China Hokkien) boring; dull; uninteresting; drab
  6. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) lonely; desolate; lonesome
  7. (Xiamen Hokkien) ordinary; common; mediocre

Synonyms

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  • (boring):
  • (lonely):
  • (ordinary):

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 便宜 (“cheap”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 便宜, 低廉, 低賤
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 便宜, 賤
Taiwan 便宜
Harbin 便宜, 賤
Malaysia 便宜
Singapore 便宜
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 便宜, 賤
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 便宜, 賤
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 便宜, 賤
Wanrong 便宜, 賤
Xi'an 便宜, 賤
Xining 便宜
Xuzhou 便宜, 賤
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 便宜
Lanzhou 便宜
Ürümqi 便宜
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 相因, 便宜
Wuhan 便宜, 相因
Guiyang 相因
Liuzhou 便宜
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 便宜
Yangzhou 便宜, 划廉
Nantong 便宜
Hefei 巧, 便宜
Cantonese Guangzhou 平
Hong Kong 平
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 平
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 平
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 平
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 平
Macau 平
Guangzhou (Panyu) 平
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 平
Guangzhou (Conghua) 平
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 平
Foshan 平
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 平
Foshan (Shunde) 平
Foshan (Sanshui) 平
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 便宜, 平
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 平
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 平
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 平
Zhuhai (Doumen) 平
Jiangmen (Baisha) 平
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 平
Taishan 平, 平貨
Kaiping (Chikan) 平
Enping (Niujiang) 平
Heshan (Yayao) 平
Dongguan 平
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 平
Qingyuan 平
Fogang 平
Yingde (Hanguang) 平
Yangshan 平, 便宜
Lianshan (Butian) 平
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 平宜
Shaoguan 平
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 平
Renhua 平, 抵得
Lechang 平
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 平
Sihui 平
Guangning 平枯
Deqing 平
Huaiji 平
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 平
Yunfu 平
Xinxing 平
Luoding 平
Yunan (Pingtai) 平
Yangjiang 平, 平宜
Nanning 平
Yulin 平
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 平
Singapore (Guangfu) 平
Gan Nanchang 便宜
Lichuan 便宜
Pingxiang 便宜
Hakka Meixian 便宜, 平
Dabu (Xihe) 便宜
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 便宜, 平
Dongguan (Qingxi) 平
Boluo (Bendihua) 平, 便宜
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 平
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 平
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 平
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 便宜
Wuhua (Huacheng) 便宜, 平
Wuhua (Changbu) 平
Wuhua (Mianyang) 便宜
Heyuan (Bendihua) 平, 便宜
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 平, 便宜
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 便宜
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 平, 便宜
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 便宜
Jiexi 便宜
Luhe 便宜
Nanjing (Meilin) 便宜
Nanjing (Tianluokeng, Shuyang) 便宜
Changting 便宜
Longyan (Yongding) 便宜
Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) 便宜
Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) 便宜
Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) 便宜
Wuping (Zhongshan) 便宜
Liancheng (Peitian) 便宜
Liancheng (Juxi) 便宜
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 便宜
Liancheng (Laiyuan) 便宜
Yudu 便宜
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 便宜
Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) 便宜
Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) 便宜
Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) 便宜
Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) 便宜
Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) 便宜
Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) 便宜
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 便宜
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 便宜
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 便宜
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 便宜
Pingtung (Jiadong; S. Sixian) 便宜
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 便宜
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 俗, 便宜
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 便宜
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 便宜
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 便宜
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 便宜
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 便宜
Hong Kong 平
Sabah (Longchuan) 便宜
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 便宜
Senai (Huiyang) 便宜
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 便宜
Singkawang 便宜
Bangkok (Meixian) 便宜
Bangkok (Fengshun) 便宜
Huizhou Jixi 便宜
Jin Taiyuan 便宜, 賤
Xinzhou 便宜, 賤
Northern Min Jian'ou 便宜
Nanping (Xiayang, Yanping) 便宜
Songxi 便宜
Zhenghe 便宜
Shunchang (Yangdun) 平
Jianyang 平
Wuyishan 平
Pucheng (Shibei) 便宜
Eastern Min Fuzhou 便宜, 賤
Matsu 便宜
Southern Min Xiamen 俗, 便宜
Quanzhou 俗, 便宜
Zhangzhou 俗, 便宜
Taipei 俗
New Taipei (Sanxia) 俗
Kaohsiung 俗
Yilan 俗, 便宜
Changhua (Lukang) 俗
Taichung 俗
Taichung (Wuqi) 俗
Tainan 俗
Taitung 俗
Hsinchu 俗
Kinmen 俗
Penghu (Magong) 俗, 便宜
Penang (Hokkien) 便宜
Singapore (Hokkien) 偏
Manila (Hokkien) 俗
Chaozhou 便
Shantou 便
Jieyang 便
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 便
Singapore (Teochew) 便
Wenchang 便宜
Haikou 便宜
Qionghai 便宜
Singapore (Hainanese) 便宜
Puxian Min Putian 相因
Xianyou 相因
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 平
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 平
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 平
Wu Shanghai 便宜, 𠼢
Shanghai (Chongming) 便宜, 𠼢
Suzhou 便宜, 𠼢
Danyang 便宜, 賤
Hangzhou 便宜, 𠼢
Ningbo 便宜, 𠼢
Wenzhou 鬆, 便宜
Jinhua 便宜, 賤
Xiang Changsha 便宜
Loudi 便宜
Shuangfeng 便宜, 賤

Compounds

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Further reading

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Japanese

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Kanji

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俗

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: ぞく (zoku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: しょく (shoku)
  • Kun: ならわし (narawashi, 俗わし)
  • Nanori: みち (michi)、よ (yo)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
俗
ぞく
Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 俗 (MC zjowk).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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俗(ぞく) • (zoku) -na (adnominal 俗(ぞく)な (zoku na), adverbial 俗(ぞく)に (zoku ni))

  1. worldly
  2. vulgar
  3. common, lay
    俗(ぞく)に言(い)う
    zoku ni iu
    what is commonly referred to as
    俗(ぞく)に言(い)えば
    zoku ni ieba
    to use a common phrase

Inflection

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Inflection of 俗
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 俗だろ ぞくだろ zoku daro
Continuative (連用形) 俗で ぞくで zoku de
Terminal (終止形) 俗だ ぞくだ zoku da
Attributive (連体形) 俗な ぞくな zoku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 俗なら ぞくなら zoku nara
Imperative (命令形) 俗であれ ぞくであれ zoku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 俗ではない
俗じゃない 		ぞくではない
ぞくじゃない 		zoku de wa nai
zoku ja nai
Informal past 俗だった ぞくだった zoku datta
Informal negative past 俗ではなかった
俗じゃなかった 		ぞくではなかった
ぞくじゃなかった 		zoku de wa nakatta
zoku ja nakatta
Formal 俗です ぞくです zoku desu
Formal negative 俗ではありません
俗じゃありません 		ぞくではありません
ぞくじゃありません 		zoku de wa arimasen
zoku ja arimasen
Formal past 俗でした ぞくでした zoku deshita
Formal negative past 俗ではありませんでした
俗じゃありませんでした 		ぞくではありませんでした
ぞくじゃありませんでした 		zoku de wa arimasen deshita
zoku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 俗で ぞくで zoku de
Conditional 俗なら（ば） ぞくなら（ば） zoku nara (ba)
Provisional 俗だったら ぞくだったら zoku dattara
Volitional 俗だろう ぞくだろう zoku darō
Adverbial 俗に ぞくに zoku ni
Degree 俗さ ぞくさ zokusa

Noun

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俗(ぞく) • (zoku) 

  1. worldliness
  2. vulgarity
  3. the laity, mundane things, common man
  4. customs

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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俗 (eumhun 풍속 속 (pungsok sok))

  1. hanja form? of 속 (“vulgar; unrefined; common; popular; vernacular”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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俗: Hán Nôm readings: tục

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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