šaukti
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Seemingly from a Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk-, though the root's further identity is unclear.
One theory takes the root to mean "to shout", in which case it is attested only in Baltic.
Alternatively, an iterative form of an unattested *šaukýti, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱowk-éye-,[1] which could trace back to *ḱewk- (“white, shining”) and thus be cognate with Persian سوختن (sôxtan, “to burn, suffer”), Sanskrit शुच् (śuc, “to shine, suffer”). For a similar semantic association between calling and brightness, note Latin clārus (“clear, bright”), from *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”).
Another theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *kew- (“to howl, scream”), see also Proto-Slavic *kukati (“to howl, lament”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]šaũkti (third-person present tense šaũkia, third-person past tense šaũkė)
Conjugation
[edit]| singular vienaskaita | plural daugiskaita | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative | present | šaukiù | šauki̇̀ | šaũkia | šaũkiame, šaũkiam |
šaũkiate, šaũkiat |
šaũkia | |
| past | šaukiaũ | šaukei̇̃ | šaũkė | šaũkėme, šaũkėm |
šaũkėte, šaũkėt |
šaũkė | ||
| past frequentative | šaũkdavau | šaũkdavai | šaũkdavo | šaũkdavome, šaũkdavom |
šaũkdavote, šaũkdavot |
šaũkdavo | ||
| future | šaũksiu | šaũksi | šaũks | šaũksime, šaũksim |
šaũksite, šaũksit |
šaũks | ||
| subjunctive | šaũkčiau | šaũktum | šaũktų | šaũktumėme, šaũktumėm, šaũktume |
šaũktumėte, šaũktumėt |
šaũktų | ||
| imperative | — | šaũk, šaũki |
tešaũkia | šaũkime, šaũkim |
šaũkite, šaũkit |
tešaũkia | ||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007), “šaũkti”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language][1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Vilnius University, page 626