þrjóta

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse þrjóta, from Proto-Germanic *uzþreutaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθrjouːta/

  Rhymes: -ouːta

Verb

þrjóta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative þraut, third-person plural past indicative non-existent, supine þrotið)

1. to dwindle, be used up, exhausted, spent
2. (impersonal) to cause to be at an end [with accusative ‘someone’] (idiomatically translated as "be at an end" with the accusative object as the subject)
3. (impersonal) to exhaust, to cause to become exhausted (to be unable to continue, having spent one’s energy, etc.) (idiomatically translated as "be/become exhausted" with the accusative object as the subject)

Conjugation

þrjóta – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að þrjóta
supine sagnbót		þrotið
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		þrjótandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	þrýt	þraut		þrjóti	þryti
	þú	þrýtur	þraust		þrjótir	þrytir
	hann, hún, það	þrýtur	þraut		þrjóti	þryti
plural	við	þrjótum	þrutum		þrjótum	þrytum
	þið	þrjótið	þrutuð		þrjótið	þrytuð
	þeir, þær, þau	þrjóta	þrutu		þrjóti	þrytu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	þrjót (þú), þrjóttu
plural	þið	þrjótið (þið), þrjótiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

þrotinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	þrotinn	þrotin	þrotið	þrotnir	þrotnar	þrotin
accusative (þolfall)	þrotinn	þrotna	þrotið	þrotna	þrotnar	þrotin
dative (þágufall)	þrotnum	þrotinni	þrotnu	þrotnum	þrotnum	þrotnum
genitive (eignarfall)	þrotins	þrotinnar	þrotins	þrotinna	þrotinna	þrotinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	þrotni	þrotna	þrotna	þrotnu	þrotnu	þrotnu
accusative (þolfall)	þrotna	þrotnu	þrotna	þrotnu	þrotnu	þrotnu
dative (þágufall)	þrotna	þrotnu	þrotna	þrotnu	þrotnu	þrotnu
genitive (eignarfall)	þrotna	þrotnu	þrotna	þrotnu	þrotnu	þrotnu

Derived terms

• þrjóta erindið (“to give up from exhaustion”)

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þreutaną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to harass”).

Verb

þrjóta (singular past indicative þraut, plural past indicative þrutu, past participle þrotinn)

1. (impersonal) to cause to run out of, to cause to run short of, to exhaust [with accusative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘something’] (idiomatically translated as "run out of" with the animate accusative object as the subject)

   en er hann þraut ørendit

   when breath failed him

   (literally, “when it exhausted him of breath”)

   Hrapp þraut vistir í hafi

   Hrapp ran out of food at sea

2. (impersonal, figurative) to cause to become exhausted [with accusative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘something’] (idiomatically translated as "become exhausted" with the animate accusative object as the subject)

   mara þraut óra

   our steeds were exhausted

Conjugation

Conjugation of þrjóta — active (strong class 2)

infinitive	þrjóta
present participle	þrjótandi
past participle	þrotinn
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	þrýt	þraut		þrjóta	þryta
2nd person singular	þrýtr	þrauzt		þrjótir	þrytir
3rd person singular	þrýtr	þraut		þrjóti	þryti
1st person plural	þrjótum	þrutum		þrjótim	þrytim
2nd person plural	þrjótið	þrutuð		þrjótið	þrytið
3rd person plural	þrjóta	þrutu		þrjóti	þryti
imperative	present
2nd person singular	þrjót
1st person plural	þrjótum
2nd person plural	þrjótið

Conjugation of þrjóta — mediopassive (strong class 2)

infinitive	þrjótask
present participle	þrjótandisk
past participle	þrotizk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	þrjótumk	þrutumk		þrjótumk	þrytumk
2nd person singular	þrýzk	þrauzk		þrjótisk	þrytisk
3rd person singular	þrýzk	þrauzk		þrjótisk	þrytisk
1st person plural	þrjótumsk	þrutumsk		þrjótimsk	þrytimsk
2nd person plural	þrjótizk	þrutuzk		þrjótizk	þrytizk
3rd person plural	þrjótask	þrutusk		þrjótisk	þrytisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	þrjózk
1st person plural	þrjótumsk
2nd person plural	þrjótizk

Related terms

• þraut f
• þreyta (þreyttr (“tired”))
• þrot n (“exhaustion”)
• þrotna

Descendants

• Icelandic: þrjóta
• Faroese: tróta
• Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Bokmål: tryte
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: tryta, tryte
• Old Swedish: þrȳta
  • Swedish: tryta
• Old Danish: tryde
  • ⇒ Old Danish: fortryde
    • Danish: fortryde

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “þrjóta”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 517; also available at the Internet Archive