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"It's hard to win an argument with a smart person. It's damn near impossible to win an argument with a stupid person."

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Tornado-writing guide

EF5

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Hi, I'm EF5. My username comes from the highest damage rating a tornado can receive on the Enhanced Fujita scale.

Favorite quotes

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  • "They call F5 tornadoes the "finger of God"; few have stared one in the face and survived." – Bill Paxton
  • "He said people shouldn’t be afraid to propose ideas. You don’t want to be so scared that you don’t propose something you believe in." – Roger Wakimoto on Ted Fujita
  • "It's prom night. A lot of the high school girls worry about their hair. I've never had to worry about that." – James Spann
  • "Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter." – Martin Luther King Jr.

Quips

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  • "Tornado Alley" does not exist.
  • "Tornado Alley" is not moving or shifting.
  • "Dixie Alley" does not exist.
  • "Dixie Alley" is not becoming the new "Tornado Alley".

Super Outbreak

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The April 27, 2011 "Super Outbreak" of tornadoes has always particularly interested me. In layman's terms, imagine 337 tornado warnings within a 24-hour period, many of which were accompanied by deadly tornadoes. Not a great day.

Resources on tornadoes

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Interests

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Cool tornado images

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Interesting tornado images that have been uploaded to Commons:

2026 tornado bingo
B I N G O
Intense tornado in

the Hill Country

Mid-May outbreak

(May 13-19 timeframe) (filled on May 17)

March Dixie

outbreak

10+ fatality

tornado

Contextually-rated

EF3+ (filled on 4/23)

EF4 in the Arklatex

region

Moderate "bust"

in April (filled on 4/27)

EF2 in Graves County, Kentucky Kansas

below-average to June

St. Louis metro

tornado

High risk including

Missouri

185+-mph EF4 Free

space

EF5 Will be traveling at the time of an outbreak
2 high risks NWS Memphis

rating controversy

September hurricane

outbreak

Reed Timmer

"Super Outbreak" mention (filled on 4/6)

EF3+ in Europe (filled on 5/3)
Tornado emergency

in Iowa

"Tornado of the Century" in Nebraska South American

outbreak in May

5%#

(Filled on 3/5)

Greensburg-esque cell in North OK

(Filled on 3/5)

Helpful links:

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To-do list

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Images I've taken

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Tornadoes by year

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Year Highest F#/EF# TORs confirmed Worst individual tornado Article
1925 F5 100 "Tri-State" tornado (March 18) Tornadoes of 1925
2025 EF5 1,898 Somerset–London, KY tornado (May 16) Tornadoes of 2025
2026 EF4 471+ Enid, OK tornado (April 23) Tornadoes of 2026

Tornado outbreaks

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Highest F#/EF# TORs confirmed Article Max risk level Class
EF2 86 Tornado outbreak and derecho of April 1–3, 2024 MDT
EF3 110 Tornado outbreak of December 28–29, 2024 MDT
EF2 39 Early March 2025 North American blizzard ENH
EF4 118 Tornado outbreak of March 13–16, 2025 HIGH
EF3 133 Tornado outbreak of May 18–21, 2025 MDT
EF5 41[1] Tornado outbreak and derecho of June 19–20, 2025 MDT
EF1 49 March 13–17, 2026 North American storm complex MDT

Individual tornadoes

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F#/EF# State / Country Date Fatalities Injuries Article DYK Class
FU Illinois May 22, 1855 4 8 1855 Des Plaines tornado
F4 Missouri April 18, 1880 99 200 Marshfield Cyclone
F5 Iowa June 18, 1882 68+ 300+ 1882 Grinnell tornado
F5–equiv. Missouri, Illinois, Indiana March 18, 1925 695 2027 1925 Tri-State tornado[2]
F5 Paraguay September 20, 1926 300+ 500+ 1926 Encarnación tornado
F5 Texas April 12, 1927 74 205 1927 Rocksprings tornado
EF3 Illinois September 14, 1928 14 100+ 1928 Rockford tornado
F5 Arkansas April 10, 1929 23 80 Sneed Tornado
IF5 Italy July 24, 1930 23 110 1930 Montello tornado
F4 Poland July 20, 1931 6 100+ 1931 Lublin tornado
F4 Alabama April 12, 1943 4 60 1943 Hackleburg tornado
F4 Nebraska June 27, 1955 2 40+ 1955 Scottsbluff tornado
F4 Alabama January 24, 1964 10 6 1964 Harpersville tornado
F5 Texas April 3, 1964 7 111 1964 Wichita Falls tornado
F5 Iowa May 15, 1968 13 462 1968 Hansell-Charles City tornado
F5 Iowa 5 156 1968 Oelwein tornado[3]
FU Bangladesh April 17, 1973 681+ 1000 1973 Faridpur District tornado
F5[4] Oklahoma May 24, 1973 2 4 1973 Union City tornado
F5 Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana April 3, 1974 6 210 1974 Cincinnati tornado[5]
F5 Kentucky 31 257 1974 Brandenburg tornado
F5 Alabama 28 267 1974 Tanner tornadoes#First tornado
F5 Alabama, Tennessee 16 190 1974 Tanner tornadoes#Second tornado
F5 Alabama 28 272 1974 Guin tornado
F3 Alabama May 3, 1984 5 37 1984 Montgomery tornado
F1 New York November 16, 1989 10 18 1989 Coldenham tornado
F5 Kansas April 26, 1991 17 225 1991 Andover tornado
F3 Alabama February 16, 1995 6 120 1995 Joppa–Arab tornado
F5 Texas May 27, 1997 27 12 Jarrell tornado[6]
F4 Ohio September 20, 2000 1 100 2000 Xenia tornado
F4 Kansas April 21, 2001 1 28 2001 Hoisington tornado
EF5 Kansas May 4, 2007 12 63 Greensburg tornado
EF4 Arkansas February 5, 2008 13 163 2008 Atkins–Clinton tornado
EF3 Alabama February 17, 2008 0 50 2008 Prattville–Millbrook tornado
EF4 Oklahoma, Missouri May 10, 2008 21 350 2008 Picher–Neosho tornado[7]
EF2 Wyoming June 5, 2009 0 0 2009 Goshen County tornado
EF4 South Dakota May 22, 2010 0 0 2010 Bowdle tornado
EF4 Minnesota June 17, 2010 1 14 2010 Conger–Albert Lea tornado
EF4 Alabama April 27, 2011 6 48 2011 Cullman–Arab tornado[8][9][9]
EF4 Alabama 13 54 2011 Cordova–Blountsville tornado[10]
EF3 Alabama 7 52 2011 Sawyerville–Eoline tornado[11]
EF4 Alabama, Georgia 17 50 2011 Flat Rock–Trenton tornado
EF4 Georgia, Tennessee 20+ 335 2011 Ringgold–Apison tornado[12]
EF4 Indiana, Kentucky March 2, 2012 12 0+ 2012 Southern Indiana tornado
EF4 Texas May 15, 2013 6 54 2013 Granbury tornado
EF4 Nebraska October 4, 2013 0 15 2013 Wayne tornado
EF4 Arkansas April 27, 2014 16 193 2014 Mayflower–Vilonia tornado[13]
EF4 Texas December 26, 2015 10 468 2015 Garland tornado
EF4 Oklahoma May 9, 2016 1 0 2016 Katie tornado
EF3–equiv. California July 26, 2018 3 5 2018 Carr Fire tornado
EF3 Mississippi February 23, 2019 1 19 2019 Columbus, Mississippi, tornado
EF3 Louisiana April 25, 2019 2 2 2019 Ruston tornado
EF3 Tennessee March 3, 2020 5 220 2020 Nashville tornado
EF3 Arkansas March 28, 2020 0 12 2020 Jonesboro tornado
EF3 Alabama January 25, 2021 1 30 2021 Fultondale tornado
EF3 Wisconsin August 7, 2021 0 0 2021 Boscobel tornado
EF3 Kentucky December 11, 2021 17 63 2021 Bowling Green tornadoes[14]
EF3 Kansas April 29, 2022 0 3 2022 Andover tornado[15]
EF2 Alabama January 12, 2023 0 2 2023 Selma tornado
EF3 Illinois, Indiana March 31, 2023 6 16 2023 Robinson–Sullivan tornado[16]
EF3 Virginia April 30, 2023 0 0 2023 Virginia Beach tornado
EF3 Oklahoma April 27, 2024 1 30 2024 Sulphur tornado[17]
EF3 Kansas April 30, 2024 1 3 Westmoreland tornado
EF4 Oklahoma May 6, 2024 2 55 2024 Barnsdall–Bartlesville tornado
EF4 Kentucky May 16, 2025 19 108 2025 Somerset–London tornado
EF5 North Dakota June 20, 2025 3 0 2025 Enderlin tornado[18]

Other

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Article Desc.
Robin Tanamachi American meteorologist and radar operator
Karen Kosiba
Carl Young (storm chaser) Storm chaser
Overpass myth Myth
Significant tornado parameter Tornado prediction index
Supercell composite parameter
Cycloidal marks Damage-related
Tornado damage survey
EF5 drought Exactly what it sounds like
PERiLS Project Research project
Massive double-funnel tornado near Dunlap, Indiana Photo

Tornado GA/FA map

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Note: Light-green symbols are articles that were nominated by me.

EF5 is located in the United States
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Map of individual tornado Good Articles and Featured Articles as of January 26, 2026. Note: One Good Article (1764 Woldegk tornado) is not shown on the map as it happened in Europe.

The Central Oklahoma cluster consists of 4 articles in very close proximity:

Notes

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  1. ^ Included the first EF5-rated tornado in 12 years.
  2. ^ Very likely multiple tornadoes.
  3. ^ Definitely not an F5.
  4. ^ Officially an F4, but most academic sources on the event seem to call it an F5, something I agree with.
  5. ^ Probably not an F5.
  6. ^ Officially one tornado but likely consisted of 3-4 tornadoes prior to its impact near Jarrell.
  7. ^ Officially one tornado but likely consisted of two EF4+ tornadoes.
  8. ^ Officially one tornado but was likely 3, with the second one causing the vast majority of damage from Cullman to just after the Tennessee River.
  9. ^ a b Could be an EF5; haven't seen much supporting it structurally.
  10. ^ Possibly EF5 intensity over rural areas of Walker County, Alabama.
  11. ^ Very likely EF4+ in intensity.
  12. ^ As with seemingly every other 4/27/2011 EF4 this one was possibly an EF5 in intensity south of the Georgia/Tennessee border.
  13. ^ Widely considered to have been an EF5 in intensity.
  14. ^ The EF3 was almost certainly an EF4 in intensity.
  15. ^ Possibly an EF4.
  16. ^ Very likely EF4+ in intensity.
  17. ^ Possibly EF4 intensity while in Sulphur, Oklahoma.
  18. ^ The EF5 rating is dodgy at best; I'm not completely convinced this tornado ever reached EF5 intensity.

Radar colortables I use

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My setup involves 2-4 devices depending on the threat level; one with SupercellWx open and another with a live news stream. The other two can either have Broadcastify SKYWARN feeds or warning listings. Below are .pal colortable sets I use for SupercellWx; email me if you'd like the ones I don't have linked:

Colortables I use
Set Product Link Image Notes
ABC 33/40 April 27, 2011 Reflectivity Link (alternative) This colortable set is meant to emulate the look of ABC 33/40's live broadcast during the 2011 Super Outbreak, which can be viewed here. Includes reflectivity (highly recommend smoothing it to be more realistic, as the original broadcast had it smoothed) and homemade velocity. This is the default set I use.
Velocity Email me
WSR-57 Reflectivity Email me Black-and-white set that emulates how the WSR-57 looked on reflectivity; the other three products are what the WSR might have looked like if those products existed at the time the radar was in operation. Includes homemade velocity and spectrum width. Highly recommend removing town names and making the basemap black if using. Really only good for watching well-developed cells close to radar sites; outside of that I don't use this set often due to its impractibility.
Velocity Email me
Coorelation Coefficient Link
Spectrum Width Email me
TWC April 27, 2011 Reflectivity Email me Emulates this broadcast by The Weather Channel during the 2011 Super Outbreak.
Velocity Email me
TWC Pilger Reflectivity Email me The Weather Channel's set used in the mid-2010s; this specific set is modeled after TWC's broadcast during the 2014 Pilger, Nebraska tornado family.
Velocity Email me
Coorelation Coefficient Email me