The Blue Kite

The Blue Kite
Release poster
Traditional Chinese	藍風箏
Simplified Chinese	蓝风筝
Hanyu Pinyin	Lán fēngzheng
Directed by	Tian Zhuangzhuang
Written by	Mao Xiao
Produced by	Yongping Chen Guiping Luo
Starring	Lü Liping Pu Quanxin Chen Xiaoman Li Xuejian Guo Baochang
Cinematography	Hou Yong
Edited by	Qian Lengleng
Music by	Otomo Yoshihide
Production companies	Beijing Film Studio Longwick Film
Distributed by	Kino International
Release date	12 September 1993 (1993-09-12) (Toronto)
Running time	140 minutes
Countries	China Hong Kong
Language	Mandarin

The Blue Kite (simplified Chinese: 蓝风筝; traditional Chinese: 藍風箏; pinyin: Lán fēngzheng) is a 1993 drama film directed by Tian Zhuangzhuang. Though banned by the Chinese government upon its completion (along with a ten-year ban on filmmaking imposed on Tian), the film soon found a receptive international audience. Along with Zhang Yimou's To Live and Chen Kaige's Farewell My Concubine, The Blue Kite serves as one of the quintessential examples of China's Fifth Generation filmmaking, and in particular reveals the impact the various political movements, including Anti-Rightist Movement and Cultural Revolution, had upon directors who grew up in the 1950s and 1960s.

The film won the Grand Prix at the Tokyo International Film Festival, and Best Film at the Hawaii International Film Festival, both in 1993.

Plot

The story is told from the perspective of a young boy (铁头, Tietou, literally meaning 'iron head') growing up in the 1950s and 1960s in Beijing. Three episodes – Hundred Flowers Campaign, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution – show the family members evolving, e.g. from the real father, the "loving patriarch," to the protective but unemotional stepfather.

Father

The first episode, entitled "Father," begins with a wedding between Lin Shaolong and Chen Shujuan in the early 1950s, shortly after the Communist victory. The wedding draws the whole neighborhood, a happy moment that will soon serve as a stark contrast with the years to come.

The couple soon give birth to a son, Tietou, meaning "iron head." In these early years Tietou's father creates for him a blue kite, a symbol that will remain throughout the film as a sign of better days. The father meanwhile, who works in a library, unbeknown to him, submitted "advice" through a well-meaning colleague to the Party as per the Hundred Flowers Campaign. Another colleague, Li, also named in this document, was coerced into giving statements against Lin.

Shaolong's workplace has convened a meeting on the issue of who they will have to report to the Communist Party as a "rightist" in order to meet Mao's quota. The father quickly leaves for the bathroom. When he returns, all eyes are on him; it is clear who his colleagues have selected. Realizing his terrible mistake of leaving, the father briefly mistreats his son. Tietou, just a small boy, is still bitter when his father is sent to a work camp. Shujuan's youngest brother was also sent to a reeducation camp. The chapter ends when Tietou's mother receives a letter; his father has been killed by a falling tree.

Uncle

The second episode of the film is entitled "uncle" and deals with Tietou's mother's courtship by Li, her husband's former colleague, and subsequent remarriage to "Uncle" Li. Li felt haunted by his role in sending his friend to the work camp which resulted in Lin's death. Li spent every moment helping out the mother and child, and every penny in easing their distress in the rapidly declining society.

Uncle Li cares for the boy's material needs and desires but it soon grows clear that his health is failing. Soon, malnutrition during the Great Leap Forward takes its toll and Uncle Li dies due to his poor health.

Stepfather

No wedding ceremony, no feelings shown at all. This marriage is just to save the mother and son from poverty, and to give them protection. They move in with the stepfather (Lao Wu).

Meanwhile, the Cultural Revolution is about to break forth. The stepfather, a prominent party member about to be disgraced, worries about saving his wife and stepson and does what he can to provide a safe life for them before it is too late. As he's being lifted out of his home by the rebelling Red Guards. The last scenes are of Tietou's mother being dragged away by Red Guards, who also beat Tietou. At the end, the boy is lying on the ground, bloodied. In a voice-over, he tells of his stepfather's death from a heart attack; his mother is sent to the work camps, but his own fate is left unknown. The camera pans out from his bruised body as he lies there looking up to see a broken blue kite hanging in the tree.

Themes

"I finished shooting The Blue Kite in 1992. But while I was involved in post-production, several official organizations involved with China's film industry screened the film. They decided that it had a problem concerning its political 'leanings,' and prevented its completion. The fact that it can appear today seems like a miracle... The stories in the film are real, and they are related with total sincerity. What worries me is that it is precisely a fear of reality and sincerity that has led to the ban on such stories being told."

— Director Tian Zhuangzhuang

The film shows a series of patriarchal figures in Tietou's life. Each of the fathers somehow offends the party, and each fails to provide a happy life for his family. Many symbols are used to show that the party is usurping the father, the mother and the family itself. The more the party takes control, the less emotions are shown and the more depressed the characters are. The party is also shown reaching out for those who seek to undermine it and no one can escape: not the student, not the ordinary librarian, and not even the soldier who fought for those very ideals.

Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 100% of 11 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8/10.

Banned in mainland China

Because of its content, it was banned in mainland China by the government.

Year-end lists

• 2nd – Yardena Arar, Los Angeles Daily News
• 6th – Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times
• 7th – Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun Times
• Top 10 (not ranked) – Howie Movshovitz, The Denver Post
• Honorable mention – William Arnold, Seattle Post-Intelligencer

Awards

• Hawaii International Film Festival, 1993
  • Best Feature Film
• Tokyo International Film Festival, 1993
  • Grand Prix
  • Best Actress Award – Lü Liping
• Independent Spirit Awards, 1995
  • Best Foreign Film nomination

See also

• List of banned films
• Hibiscus Town — another Cultural Revolution drama, made several years prior to The Blue Kite.

External links

• The Blue Kite at IMDb
• The Blue Kite at Rotten Tomatoes