Pre-Andine languages
| Pre-Andine | |
|---|---|
| Campa | |
| Geographic distribution | Western Amazon |
| Linguistic classification | Arawakan
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | prea1240 |
| ELP | |
 | |
The Pre-Andine Maipurean or Arawakan languages, formerly known as the Campa (Kampa) or Campan (Kampan) languages, are a group of closely related Arawakan languages of the Peruvian Amazon.
Languages
[edit]Glottolog uses the term Pre-Andine for this group of languages and classifies them as follows, based on classifications by Michael (2011)[1] and Pedrós:[2]
- Pre-Andine
- Nomatsigenga
- Asha-Ashe-Kak-Matsi-Nan
- Matsi-Nan
- Asha-Ashe-Kak
There are grammars for Ucayali-Pajonal,[3] Ashéninka Perené,[4] Nanti,[5] Aiyíninka Apurucayali,[6] and Caquinte.[7]
Cognates
[edit]Common vocabulary of Pre-Andine languages[8]
| English | Nomatsiguenga | Asháninca | Ashéninca | Matsiguenga |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pipile cujubi | kanari | kanari | kanari | kanari |
| my Pipile cujubi | nʊ-ganari | nʊ-janari | nʊ-ganari | nʊ-janari |
| eye | -ʊki | -ʊki | -ʊʊki | -ʊki |
| peach palm | kə(i)ri | kiri | kiri | kɨiri |
| shit | -tika | -tia | -tija / -tsija | -tiga |
| ear | -gemita | -jeNpita | -jiNpita | -geNpita |
| dry | piria | pirihata | piriaa(t) | -piriata |
| bat | pihiri | pi(h)iri | piiri | pihiri |
| earth | kipatsi | kipatsi | kipatshi | kipatsi |
| feather | -biti | -witi | -witi | -witi |
| three | maba | maawa | mawa | mawa |
| my leg | nʊ-bari | nʊ-wʊri | nʊ-wʊri / nʊ-pʊri | nʊ-wʊri |
| bark/shell | -taki | -taki | -taki | -taki |
| beard | -sipʊtʊna | -ʃipatʊna | -ʃipatʊna | -ʃipatʊna |
| (finger)nail | -ʃata | -seata-ki | -seata-ki | -ʃata |
| tree | aNtʃa- | aNta- | aNta- | aNta- |
| chachalaca | marati | marati | ma(r)atsi | marati |
| seed | -gitsʊ | -itsʊ-ki | -kithʊ-ki | -kitsʊ-ki |
| rope | -tsa | -tsa | -tha | -tsa |
| liberator | -tsi | -tsi | -tshi | -tsi |
| urine | -tsine | -tsini | -tshini | -tsini |
| moon | kaʃiri | kaʃiri | kaʃiri | |
| wasp | sani | sani | sani / hani | sani |
| coati | kopesi | kapeʃi | kapeʃi | kapeʃi |
| fish | sima | ʃima | ʃima | ʃima |
| small | (h)ani- | hani- / hana- | ana- | |
| wife | -hina | -hina | -ina | -hina |
| husband | -hime | -hime | -ime | -(h)ime |
| river | -ha | -ha | -a | -a |
| cotton | (ome-gi) | -ampe-hi | -ampi | ampe-i |
| two | pite- | apite | apite | pite- |
| salt | tibi | tiwi | tsiwi | tiwi |
| hard | -bakʊ | -akʊ | -akʊ | -akʊ |
| thorn | -tsei | -tsee- | -tʃee | -tsei |
| 1pl (inclusive) | -ai | -ae | -ai | -ai |
References
[edit]- ↑ Michael, Lev. 2011. La reconstrucción y clasificación interna de la rama Kampa de la familia Arawak. Paper presented at the CILLA V (Conference on Indigenous Languages of Latin America), 6 October 2011
- ↑ Pedrós, Toni (2018). "Ashéninka y asháninka: ¿de cuántas lenguas hablamos?". Cadernos de Etnolingüística. 6 (1): 1–30.
- ↑ Pedrós, Toni (2023). A grammar of Ashéninka (Ucayali-Pajonal). Amsterdam: LOT. ISBN 978-94-6093-425-4.
- ↑ Mihas, Elena (2015). A Grammar of Alto Perené (Arawak). Berlin: Mouton. doi:10.1515/9783110766301.
- ↑ Michael, Lev David (2008). Nanti evidential practice: Language, knowledge, and social action in an Amazonian society. Ann Arbor: University of Texas at Austin.
- ↑ Payne, David L. (1981). The Phonology and Morphology of Axininca Campa. Dallas: The Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
- ↑ Swift, Kenneth (1985). Morphology of Caquinte (Preandine Arawakan). University of Texas at Arlington (MA thesis).
- ↑ Ramirez 2019: 752-753; 2020: 256-257