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Species of fungus
Periglandula clandestina is a fungus of the genus Periglandula .[ 1] [ 2] It is symbiotic with the morning glory plant Ipomoea tricolor (the Mexican morning glory).[ 1] [ 2] Ipomoea tricolor seeds are hallucinogenic in humans due to the presence of naturally occurring lysergamides or ergot alkaloids like ergine (lysergic acid amide; LSA) and isoergine (isolysergic acid amide; iso-LSA).[ 1] [ 2] The lysergamides present in Ipomoea tricolor are produced by Periglandula clandestina that it is symbiotic with rather than by Ipomoea tricolor itself.[ 1] [ 2] Periglandula clandestina , isolated from Ipomoea tricolor , was discovered and first described by Corinne Hazel and Daniel Panaccione at West Virginia University in 2025.[ 1] [ 2]
P. clandestina was quantified most abundantly in hypocotyls of I. tricolor , with lesser quantities in stems, cotyledons, and leaves. The fungus was not detected in roots, although ergot alkaloids were abundant in all tissues including roots.[ 2] [ 3]
In each tissue, LAH was the most abundant alkaloid (77% of the measured ergot alkaloids), followed in abundance by ergine and ergonovine. Apart from roots, tissues that had relatively high fungal DNA values also had relatively high ergot alkaloid value
Ergolines (incl. lysergines )Clavines (6,8-dimethylergolines)Lysergamides (lysergic acid amides)
Psychedelic lysergamides: 1B-LSD
1BP-LSD
1Bz-LSD
1cP-AL-LAD
1cP-LSD
1cP-MiPLA
1D-AL-LAD
1D-LSD
1DD-LSD
1F-LSD
1Fe-LSD
1H-LSD
1P-AL-LAD
1P-ETH-LAD
1P-LSD
1P-MiPLA
1S-LSD
1SB-LSD (1BS-LSD)
1T-AL-LAD
1T-LSD
1V-LSD
2,3-Dihydro-LSD
AL-LAD
ALA-10 (1-acetyl-LAE)
ALD-52 (1-acetyl-LSD)
BU-LAD
CPM-LAD
CYP-LAD
Diallyllysergamide (DAL)
Dimethyllysergamide (DAM-57)
Diisopropyllysergamide (DiPLA)
Dipropyllysergamide (DPL)
Ergine (lysergic acid amide; LSA; LA-111; lysergamide)
Ergometrine (ergonovine, ergobasine)
ETH-LAD
Ethylcyclopropyllysergamide (EcPLA)
Ethylisopropyllysergamide (EiPLA)
Ethylpropyllysergamide (EPLA; LEP-57)
Ethyltrifluoroethyllysergamide (ETFELA)
IP-LAD
Isoergine (isolysergic acid amide; iso-LSA; iso-LA; isolysergamide)
Isopropyllysergamide (iPLA; LAiP)
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; d -LSD; lysergide)
Lysergic acid ethylamide (LAE-32, LAE)
Lysergic acid hydroxyethylamide (LSH, LAH)
Lysergic acid methylamide (LAM)
Lysergic acid methylethylamide (LME-54)
Lysergic acid morpholide (LSM-775)
Lysergic acid propylamide (LAP)
Lysergic acid pyrrolidide (LPD-824)
Lysergic acid 2-butylamide (LSB)
Lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide (LA-SS-Az, LSZ, LA-Azetidine)
Lysergic acid 2-pentylamide (2-LSP)
Lysergic acid 3-pentylamide (LSP, 3-LSP)
Methylergometrine (methylergonovine, methylergobasine; Methergine)
Methylisopropyllysergamide (MiPLA)
Methylpropyllysergamide (LAMPA, LMP-55)
Methysergide (1-methylmethylergonovine; UML-491)
MLA-74 (1-methyl-LAE)
MLD-41 (1-methyl-LSD)
MPD-75 (1-methyllysergic acid pyrrolidide)
NBOMe-LAD
OML-632 (1-hydroxymethyl-LSD)
PARGY-LAD
PRO-LAD
TRALA-12 (didehydro-LSD; DDH-LSD)
Ergopeptines (peptide ergolines)Partial ergolines Related compounds Natural sources
No ring subs. 4-Hydroxytryptamines 5-Hydroxytryptamines 5-Methoxytryptamines Other ring subs. α-Alkyltryptamines Others
Ergolines /lysergamides (e.g., LSD )
Ibogalogs (e.g., ibogainalog , tabernanthalog , Pharm-136 )
O -Methylnordehydrobufotenine
Partial ergolines (e.g., NDTDI , RU-28306 , CT-5252 )
Piperidinylethylindoles (e.g., pip-T )
Pyrrolidinylethylindoles (e.g., pyr-T , 5-MeO-pyr-T )
Pyrrolidinylmethylindoles (e.g., MPMI , 4-HO-MPMI (lucigenol) , 5-MeO-MPMI , MSP-2020 )
Tetrahydropyridinylindoles (e.g., RU-28253 (5-MeO-THPI) , NEtPhOH-THPI )
Others: 2C-B-AN
2C-DB
2C-G-x (e.g., 2C-G-3 , 2C-G-5 )
β-Keto-2C-B (βk-2C-B)
β-Keto-2C-I (βk-2C-I)
β-Methyl-2C-B (BMB)
(e.g., BOB , BOD , BOHB )
(e.g., HOT-2 , HOT-7 , HOT-17 )
N -Ethyl-2C-B
(e.g., 2CB-2-EtO , 2CD-2-EtO , 2CD-5-EtO , 2CE-5-EtO , 2CE-5iPrO , 2CT-5-EtO , 2CT2-2-EtO , 2CT7-2-EtO , ASR-2001 (2CB-5-PrO) )
Others
25B-NAcPip
2-DM-DOM
4-HA
5-DM-DOM
Benzofurans (e.g., 5-APB , 5-APDB , 6-APB , 6-APDB , F , F-2 , F-22 )
Benzothiophenes (e.g., 5-APBT , 6-APBT )
BMB-202
CT-5172
DMAs (e.g., 2,4-DMA , 3,4-DMA )
Fenfluramine
MMA (3-MeO-4-MA)
Norfenfluramine
(e.g., 25D-NM-NDEAOP , DOB-NDEPA , DOI-NDEPA , DOM-NDEPA , DOTFM-NDEPA , M-NDEPA , TMA-2-NDEPA )
PMA (4-MA)
Thio-2Cs (e.g., 2C-5-TOET )
Thio-DOx (e.g., 2-TOM , 5-TOET , 5-TOM , TOMSO )
(e.g., TMA-3 , TMA-4 , TMA-5 )
ZDCM-04 (DOC-fenethylline)
1-Aminomethylindanes (e.g., 2CB-Ind , jimscaline )
2-Aminoindanes (e.g., DOM-AI )
3-Benzazepines (e.g., lorcaserin )
3-Phenylpiperidines (e.g., LPH-5 , LPH-48 )
Benzocyclobutenes (e.g., 2CBCB-NBOMe , TCB-2 , tomscaline )
Benzoxepins (e.g., BBOX , IBOX , TFMBOX )
DMBMPP (juncosamine)
Ergolines /lysergamides (e.g., LSD )
Partial ergolines (e.g., NDTDI , DEIMDHPCA , DEMPDHPCA , DEMTMPDHPCA , DEMNDHPCA )
Phenylcyclopropylamines (e.g., DMCPA , TMT )
Phenyloxazolamines (aminorexes ) (e.g., 2C-B-aminorex )
Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g., IHCH-7113 )
Z3517967757
ZC-B
Others
9-Oxaergolines (e.g., RU-29717 )
γ-Carbolines (e.g., tiflucarbine )
Arylpiperazines (e.g., 2C-B-PP , 2-NP , mCPP , MK-212 , ORG-12962 , pCPP , pFPP , quipazine , TFMPP , VCU-1012 )
Dihydrobenzoxazines (e.g., efavirenz )
Phenoxyethylamines (e.g., CT-4719 , ORG-37684 )
Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g., IHCH-7113 )
Quinazolinylethylamines (e.g., RH-34 )
Natural sources
Tryptamines: Acacia spp. (e.g., Acacia acuminata , Acacia confusa )
Ayahuasca and vinho de Jurema (e.g., Psychotria viridis (chacruna) , Dipolopterys cabrerana (chaliponga, chacruna) , Mimosa tenuiflora (Mimosa hostilis ; jurema) )
Brosimum (e.g., Brosimum acutifolium (takini) )
Hallucinogenic snuffs (e.g., Anadenanthera peregrina (yopo, jopo, cohoba, parica, ebene) , Anadenanthera colubrina (vilca, cebil) )
Incilius alvarius (Bufo alvarius ; Colorado River toad, Sonoran Desert toad; bufo)
Psilocybin-containing mushrooms (magic mushrooms, shrooms) (e.g., Psilocybe cubensis , Psilocybe mexicana (teonanacatl) )
Lysergamides: Achnatherum robustum (sleepy grass)
Epichloë spp.
Ergot (Claviceps ) (e.g., Claviceps purpurea , Claviceps paspali )
Morning glory (Convolvulaceae) seeds (e.g., Ipomoea tricolor (tlitliltzin, badoh negro; Ipomoea violacea ) , Ipomoea corymbosa (coaxihuitl, ololiúqui; Rivea Corymbosa , Turbina Corymbosa ) , Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby woodrose; HBWR) )
Periglandula spp. (e.g., Periglandula ipomoeae , Periglandula clandestina )