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Mir Chakar Rind

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Mir Chakar Khan Rind
مير چاکرخان رند
Baloch Confederacy
Reign1487–1512
SuccessorShahdad Rind
Born1468 (1468)
Ashaal, Kolowa, Balochistan
Died1565 (aged 96–97)
Satghara
Burial
Mir Chakar`s Tomb, Satghara
IssueShahdad, Shahzad
HouseRind
FatherShayhak
ReligionIslam
Military career
AllegianceRind Confederacy
Conflicts
Rind-Lashari War

Chakar Khan Rind (1468 – 1565[1]) (Balochi: میر چاکَر خان رِند) was a Baloch chieftain born in Ashal, located in the Kolwah[2] region of eastern Makran who founded the Second Baloch Confederacy (1487–1512).[3] He is considered a folk hero of the Baloch people and an important figure in the Baloch epic Hani and Sheh Mureed.[4]

Family

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According to Baloch history, Chakar Rind is a descendant of Rind Khan, a son of Jalal Khan, from whom a number of Baloch descend. his father was Mir Shayhak Rind.[3] Mir Chakar Rind's home town is still debated among Baloch historian however, he is believed to be born in Kolwah Balochistan.[2] His descendants moved to different parts of the region and the Middle East. They often add Rind as a suffix to their name.

History

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Around 1487, Mir Chakar succeeded his father as the Sardar-i Azam (Great Chief). Under his leadership, Sibi was established as the capital of the first unified Baloch kingdom,[5] which at its peak stretched from Kerman in the west to the Sindh border in the east, and from southern Khorasan to the Arabian Sea coast.[3]

Mir Chakar Khan Rind
Mir Chakar Khan Rind

Since 12th century Baloch chieftains ruled over most of Balochistan. Mir Jalal khan and Mir Chakar after the establishment of the Baloch Confederation, They extended their dominance on outside the borders of Balochistan.[6][7][8]

In 1487, Mir Chakar introduced significant political reforms, most notably shifting the capital of the Baloch confederacy from Kech to Sibi. After consolidating political authority and military power in eastern Balochistan, he turned his attention to the fertile plains of Punjab. In the early sixteenth century he advanced into Punjab and captured Multan.[6]

Mir Chakar Khan Rind was among the leading chiefs of the Baloch and is credited with directing their expansion into Sindh and the Punjab. At the height of his power he controlled territory ranging from the uplands of Kalat and the plains of Kacchi to wide areas of northern Sindh and southern Punjab, including the Sahiwal region.[9]

Mir Chakar was a very brave man who desired to make the Baloch nation powerful. When Mir Chakar left Dhadar, his next stop was Sanghar Desert, in Taunsa, Dera Ghazi Khan. He ruled the Sanghar area for many years until Mir Doda Khan arrived with his army. Although Mir Chakar had defeated Mir Doda once previously, Mir Doda's army defeated Mir Chakar in the desert of Sanghar. Mir Chakar and his army left Sanghar and moved to the Multan area where he shook hands with the Multan king. On the other side, Shehmureed had gone to Arabia. After Shehmureed, one of his best fighters was Mir Malagh Khan Rind.

It is said that Mir Malagh Khan's sword weighed 75 kg (165 lb). No one but Mir Malagh could handle it. Mir Qaiser Khan, Mir Sanjar Khan and Mir Mandar Khan were some of Mir Chakar's best fighters.

Groups of Baloch, including clans of the Rind tribe, migrated during the time of Mir Chakar from the region of Sibi into Punjab, settling along the valleys of the Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. Their presence in the region became notable, and by 1519 Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, encountered Baloch groups in Punjab and allied with them. This practice continued during the reign of Humayun. Earlier, during the era of Husseyn Langah (1469–1502), Baloch groups had been granted jagirs as military allies.[10]

The Baloch fought alongside the Mughal forces in India during Humayun’s 1555 campaign to recapture Delhi. Mir Chakar is said to have led military expeditions into Multan and the Punjab.[2]

Mir Chakar and the Multan king then planned to conquer Delhi. The Multan king asked for Mir Chakar's help, and he gave him his best fighters. The Lashkar (campaign) was led by Mir Malagh Khan and Mir Qaiser Khan, who went and they conquered Delhi. After this, the Delhi king purportedly said, "There was not a single nail uncovered of the Baloch. Their head could reach the glaring sun. They were united; they were brave!"

On the other side, Mir Doda was gaining power. His grandsons Mir Ghazi Khan and Mir Ismail Khan were his best fighters. The Dera Ghazi Khan and Dera Ismail Khan districts are named after these two.

The Multan king invited Mir Doda to dinner. When Mir Doda came, the Multan king said that from then on he would be his left hand. Mir Chakar became angry and planned to attack Mir Doda. In the battle, Mir Doda was badly defeated and his people and army moved to Sindh and never came back.

Near the desert of Sanghar he built 100 houses for his relatives to live in, and he named the place Sokar which is now part of Taunsa. This place is still located near the Sanghar desert in Tehsil Taunsa, Dera Ghazi Khan District. Mir Malagh Khan also lived there, leading to his descendants being called Malghani, who currently reside in Sokar and Hassanabad(larra).

Mir Chakar then settled in Satghara, Okara and gained power and respect in the area. Sher Shah Suri sent a message to Mir Chakar to unite with him and consolidate his gains. Mir Chakar appreciated the offer but refused to help Sher Shah Suri. Under the command of his son, Mir Shahdad Khan, his forces instead joined the Mughal army of Emperor Humayun in 1555 after a long exile in Persia. Emperor Humayun came back, recaptured Delhi, and ousted the Suri dynasty in 1556. As a reward, Emperor Humayun conferred a vast Jagir (lands), including horses and slaves, to Mir Chakar. He ruled this territory until he died in 1565. People who accompanied Mir Chakar to Satghara after leaving Balochistan constructed a tomb for his body. Meer Chakar Rind is considered a Baloch hero.[3]

The Rind–Lashari Wars

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Mir Chakar became the head of Rind tribe at the age of 18 after the death of his father Mir Shehaq Rind. Mir Chakar's fiefdom was short-lived because of the great civil war between the Lashari and Rind tribes of Balochistan.[11] Mir Chakar as head of his tribe went to war, which resulted in thousands dying. The war and the gallantry of the two tribes' leaders continues to be a part of the Baloch history. After the "Thirty Years' War" against the Lashari Tribe.[12] During this period, Mir Chakar Rind and Mir Gwahram Khan Lashari led the two most influential clans. A dispute over control of the fertile lands in Kacchi and Sibi escalated into a prolonged tribal war that continued for nearly thirty years.[5][13]

Mir Chakar eventually defeated the Gwahram Khan, forcing them to leave the region,[2] but the conflict left his own forces exhausted. As he struggled to retain control of Sibi, a new threat emerged from the Arghun rulers of Kandahar. After a difficult battle against Shah Beg Arghun.[5]

Historical Documents

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According to Tarikh - i -Farishtah, Mir Chákar Rind was a holder of big jāgir and commanded hordes of warriors in the area. Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi in E.D., iv 389-397 gives - Chakur Rind correctly. Mansel Longworth Dames[14] The fact that Chakar Rind was powerful is also described by Munshi (Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh), Nihavandi and Tabakat-i Akbari.

Eponymous institutions

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Following two institutions, one in Balochistan and other in Punjab, are named after him:

References

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  1. ^ S.A.J. Shirazi. "Heritage Village, Pakistan". Travelers Digest. Archived from the original on 22 November 2006. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d "BALUCHISTAN iii. Baluchi Language and Literature". Encyclopædia Iranica.
  3. ^ a b c d Korn, Jahani, Nourzaei, Agnes,Carina, Maryam (2022). Oral Narration in Iranian Cultures. Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag. pp. 110–114. ISBN 9783752001532.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ "The armour of Chakar-e-Azam (Mir Chakar Khan Rind)". The Express Tribune (newspaper). 29 July 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Breseeg, Taj Mohammad (2025). Baloch Nationalism, Its Origin and Development. BoD - Books on Demand. p. 198. ISBN 9789181346695.
  6. ^ a b Malik, Fida Hussain (2020). Balochistan A Conflict of Narratives. Saiyid Books. p. 3. ISBN 9789692200028.
  7. ^ Rathore, Azad Singh (2021). Balochistan The Heights of Oppression. Partridge Publishing India. ISBN 9781543706642.
  8. ^ Rathore, Rizwan Zeb (2019). Ethno-political Conflict in Pakistan The Baloch Movement. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000729924.
  9. ^ Ahsan, Aitzaz (2005). The Indus Saga. Roli Books. ISBN 9789351940739.
  10. ^ "BALUCHISTAN i. Geography, History and Ethnography". Encyclopædia Iranica.
  11. ^ "Balochistan History". Overseas Pakistanis Foundation website. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  12. ^ khan Haran Dari; Vadim Mikhaĭlovich Masson; János (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 305. ISBN 978-81-208-1595-7.
  13. ^ Marri, Mir Khuda Bakhsh (1997). Searchlights on Baloches and Balochistan. Ferozsons. pp. 160–163. ISBN 9789690013736.
  14. ^ Dames, M. Longworth (28 July 2015). The Baloch Race: A Historical and Ethnological Sketch (Classic Reprint). Fb&c Limited. ISBN 9781332049899.
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