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Hadash

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For the concept within Kashrut (the Jewish dietary regulations), see Chodosh.

Hadash
חד״ש
Hebrew nameהחזית הדמוקרטית לשלום ולשוויון
Arabic nameالجبهة الديمقراطية للسلام والمساواة
SecretaryAmjad Shbita
Founded7 March 1977 (1977-03-07)
Merger ofRakah
Aki
Shasi[1]
Black Panthers (partial)
Other Arab and left-wing groups[2]
HeadquartersHaifa and Nazareth
Ideology
Political positionLeft-wing[9] to far-left[10]
National affiliationJoint List (2015–2019; 2020–2022)
ColorsRed and Green
Knesset
4 / 120
Election symbol
ו‎
Website
www.hadash.org.il
Hadash members demonstrating against water privatization in Israel. The speaker is Dov Khenin; Ayman Odeh is standing to his left and Mohammad Barakeh on his right
Hadash members demonstrating for social justice, Tel Aviv 2012. The banner in Hebrew and Arabic states: "The people demand social justice"

Hadash,[a] officially the Democratic Front for Peace and Equality,[b] is a left-wing to far-left political coalition in Israel formed by the Communist Party of Israel (Maki) and other groups.

History

Foundation and original program

Hadash was formally established on 7 March 1977 in Tel Aviv,[11][12][13][14] following a resolution by the 18th Congress of the Communist Party of Israel (Rakah) held in December 1976,[12][15] in preparation for the 1977 elections. The congress called for a "broad front of all peace-loving and democratic forces" to provide a political alternative to the ruling Labor and Likud blocs.[15] The coalition adopted the Hebrew letter "Vav" (ו‎) as its electoral sign.[12][11]

The founding member organizations and adhering groups included:[12][16][17][14]

The coalition was organized under a central directing board representing all component parts to manage the election campaign and ensure ongoing cooperation.[12][11][13] The founding declaration established a "minimum program" consisting of six core principles:[11][12][16][13]

  1. Just and stable peace: A settlement based on the total withdrawal of Israel from territories occupied in 1967, recognition of the Palestinian people's right to self-determination and an independent state alongside Israel, and the participation of the PLO as the recognized representative of the Palestinian people in the Geneva Peace Conference.
  2. Workers' rights: Defense of the interests of workers in production and services, and the rights of residents in impoverished urban neighborhoods.
  3. Equality for Arab citizens: The elimination of all forms of national discrimination and the recognition of the Arab population in Israel as a national minority with secure equal rights.
  4. Elimination of ethnic discrimination: An end to communal discrimination against Mizrahi Jews, supported by the allocation of special funds to raise their socio-economic and cultural status.
  5. Democratic freedoms: The protection and expansion of democratic freedoms against the threat of right-wing or fascist forces.
  6. Women's rights and secularism: Securing full equal rights for women, the cancellation of discriminatory legislation, and the prevention of religious coercion to ensure freedom of opinion and faith.

Current formation

While Hadash was founded as a broad political alliance, most of its original non-communist constituent groups eventually left the coalition or fizzled out over time. The Black Panthers faction led by Charlie Biton, for example, broke away from Hadash during the 12th Knesset on 25 December 1990 to establish an independent parliamentary faction.[23] Similarly, the Israeli Communist Opposition (Aki) gradually waned following the deaths of its principal leaders, Esther Vilenska (d. 1975) and Shmuel Mikunis (d. 1982).

Today, the structure of the Hadash coalition revolves mainly around the Communist Party of Israel and its affiliated mass organizations, alongside independent left-wing activists. The current constituent groups comprising the Front are:

  • Maki (The Communist Party of Israel)
  • Banki / YCLI (The Young Communist League of Israel), which serves as the youth wing of Maki.[24][25]
  • Tandi (Movement of Democratic Women in Israel), an affiliated socialist feminist organization.[24][26][27]
  • The Druze Initiative Committee, a leftist Druze organization, opposed the conscription of Druze into the Israel Defense Force and actively assists conscientious objectors.[28][29][30][31][32]
  • Independent non-partisan Jewish and Arab public figures, academics, activists and municipal leaders who run on the Hadash list, or support it's aims, but are not formal card-carrying members of the Communist Party.[24][33][34][35]

From 2008 to 2017, the joint Arab-Jewish social movement Tarabut Hithabrut [he] operated as a faction within Hadash. The organization aimed to bridge the divide in Israeli oppositional politics by connecting campaigns against the occupation with domestic struggles for social justice and equality.[36][37][38][39]

In January 2015, former Knesset speaker Avraham Burg joined Hadash.[40]

In 2018, Hadash activists were involved in creating joint Jewish-Arab anti-occupation movement Standing Together.[41]

Electoral history

In its first electoral test in 1977, Hadash won five seats, an increase of one from Rakah's four.[42] But in the next elections in 1981 the party was reduced to four seats. It maintained its four seats in the 1984 elections, gaining another MK when Muhammed Wattad defected from Mapam in 1988. The 1988 election resulted in another four-seat haul, though the party lost a seat when Charlie Biton broke away to establish Black Panthers as an independent faction on 25 December 1990. The 1992 elections saw the party remain at three seats.[42]

In the 1996 elections the party ran a joint list with Balad. Together they won five seats, but split during the Knesset term,[43][23] with Hadash reduced to three seats. The 1999 elections saw them maintain three seats, with Barakeh and Issam Makhoul replacing Ahmad Sa'd and Saleh Saleem.[42]

In the 2003 elections Hadash ran on another joint list, this time with Ahmed Tibi's Ta'al. The list won three seats,[44] but again split during the parliamentary session, leaving Hadash with two MKs, Barakeh and Makhoul.[23]

In the 2006 elections Hadash won three seats, with Hana Sweid and Dov Khenin entering the Knesset alongside Barakeh. The party won an additional seat in the 2009 elections, taken by Afu Agbaria.[42]

In the 2013 elections, Hadash maintained its four seats, with Barakeh, Khenin, Sweid, and Agbaria all returning to the Knesset.[42]

Ahead of the 2015 elections, Hadash joined forces with Balad, Ta'al, and the United Arab List to form the Joint List. As part of this broader alliance, Hadash increased its representation to five seats, introducing new MKs such as Ayman Odeh, Aida Touma-Suleiman, and Yousef Jabareen, alongside veteran Dov Khenin.[45]

The Joint List temporarily fractured prior to the April 2019 elections, leading Hadash to run on a joint ticket with Ta'al. This alliance secured Hadash four seats, with Ofer Cassif entering the Knesset.[44] The Joint List was subsequently re-established for the September 2019 and 2020 elections, yielding five seats for Hadash in both rounds. In the 2021 elections, Hadash's representation within the Joint List was reduced to three seats, held by Odeh, Touma-Suleiman, and Cassif.[45]

For the 2022 elections, Hadash once again ran on a unified list with Ta'al, winning four seats. On 23 June 2025, Hadash MK Youssef Atauna resigned from the Knesset as part of a rotation agreement and was replaced by Ta'al MK Samir Bin Said.[44][46]

Policies and ideology

Uri Avnery at a Hadash rally against the 2006 Lebanon War.

Hadash is an Arab–Jewish left-wing political alliance rooted in the Communist Party of Israel, and is generally described as a communist or socialist party emphasizing social justice, civil equality, and Jewish–Arab partnership.[47][48] Its platform focuses on combining socioeconomic issues with opposition to the occupation and support for a negotiated settlement to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.[47]

Social and economic policy

Hadash has historically advocated a socialist-oriented economy, including an expanded welfare state, workers’ rights, and opposition to privatization and widening inequality.[49][50][48] Party materials and external profiles commonly describe Hadash as prioritizing labor rights and social justice alongside democratic liberties and equal citizenship.[51][47]

Peace process and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Hadash has long supported a negotiated peace based on Israeli withdrawal from territories occupied in 1967 and the establishment of a Palestinian state alongside Israel (commonly framed as a two-state solution).[52][48][47] A published platform of Hadash in the 1990s called for removing Israeli settlements established in territories occupied since 1967 and addressing the Palestinian refugee issue "in accordance with UN resolutions," while supporting a division of sovereignty in Jerusalem as part of a final agreement.[52] Hadash has also supported non-violent political and diplomatic efforts intended to end the occupation, including international pressure focused on settlement activity.[53][54]

Equality, minority rights, and Jewish–Arab partnership

Hadash emphasizes Jewish–Arab cooperation and equal civil and national rights, including calls to recognize Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel as a national minority and to advance equality in political, economic, and cultural life.[55][56][48] External profiles similarly describe the party as promoting a “shared society” between Jews and Arabs as a central part of its ideology.[47]

Environmental and "red–green" politics

Hadash has also been associated with environmental justice initiatives alongside its socioeconomic agenda, particularly during the period when MK Dov Khenin was a prominent party figure on environmental issues.[57] Party and allied materials have linked environmental policy to opposition to privatization and to greater public control over natural resources and royalties.[58][59]

Electorate

Hadash’s electorate has been described as predominantly Arab and largely secular, with significant support in northern localities and among some Christian communities.[60] It has also attracted a number of Jewish voters on the far left; one report estimated that Hadash drew roughly 6,000–10,000 Jewish voters in national elections during the 2010s.[61]

Relationship with labor unions and workers’ movements

Hadash and its principal constituent party, the Communist Party of Israel (Maki), have maintained an ongoing involvement in organized labor and trade union politics in Israel. Party activity has included participation in union elections, representation on union governing bodies, and public support for workers’ struggles in sectors such as education, public services, and local authorities.[62][63][64]

Histadrut and sectoral unions

Hadash‑affiliated activists have taken part in elections and representative bodies within the Histadrut, Israel’s main trade union federation. In the 2023–2024 Histadrut elections, representatives identified with Hadash and Maki were elected to union committees and national bodies as part of left‑wing and opposition slates, reflecting the coalition’s continued presence in organized labor frameworks.[65]

Maki and Hadash sources described these results as part of a broader effort to strengthen a left‑wing, social‑justice‑oriented bloc within the Histadrut, emphasizing opposition to privatization, subcontracted employment, and erosion of labor protections.[66]

Teachers’ unions

Hadash and Maki have been particularly active within Israel’s teachers’ unions, including the Israel Teachers Union and associated representative bodies. Party‑identified activists participated in internal union elections and were elected to local and national committees, campaigning on platforms focused on teachers’ wages, job security, opposition to privatization in education, and equal funding for Arab and peripheral schools.[67]

Coverage in the Israeli press has noted the involvement of Hadash‑aligned educators and union representatives in broader labor disputes affecting the education system, including protests over working conditions and resistance to proposed reforms.[68][69]

Through its sustained participation in union politics and workers’ struggles, Hadash has sought to link parliamentary activity with organized labor, viewing trade unions—particularly in the public and education sectors—as a central arena for advancing social equality and workers’ rights in Israel.[70]

Local government

Alongside its parliamentary activity, Hadash and its constituent organizations have maintained a sustained presence in municipal and local politics, particularly in Arab towns and mixed Jewish–Arab cities. Party-affiliated candidates have often participated either on explicitly Hadash-branded lists or through joint local slates with non-partisan community figures and other left-wing groups.[71]

One of Hadash’s most prominent arenas of municipal activity has been Haifa, where Hadash has operated a dedicated city council list and has held representation through figures associated with the party and the broader Arab–Jewish left. In the late 2010s, Hadash figure Raja Za’atra was publicly identified as a Haifa city council member in the context of coalition negotiations and appointment controversies within the municipality, reflecting the party’s continued role in Haifa’s local political landscape.[72]

Hadash has also been active in Tel Aviv–Jaffa, particularly around social, environmental, and cost-of-living issues. In the 2008 Tel Aviv mayoral election, Hadash MK Dov Khenin ran for mayor on a left-wing and environmentalist platform and received a significant share of the vote, narrowly missing advancement to a second round.[73][74] In later municipal elections, Hadash participated in Tel Aviv–Jaffa through Jewish–Arab left-wing lists that won representation on the city council.[71]

Historically, one of the most significant municipal victories associated with the communist-led Arab–Jewish left was the 1975 Nazareth municipal election. In that election, the Democratic Front alliance linked to Rakah and later Hadash won control of the city, and Tawfiq Ziad was elected mayor.[75] Ziad served as mayor of Nazareth from 1975 until his death in 1994 and is a widely cited figure in accounts of Palestinian Arab municipal leadership in Israel.[76] His tenure is frequently associated with broader political mobilization among Palestinian citizens of Israel, including events surrounding the 1976 Land Day protests.[76]

Beyond these high-profile cases, Hadash activists and candidates have participated in municipal politics across a range of localities—including Nazareth, Umm al-Fahm, Acre, Lod, Ramla, Sakhnin, Rahat, and other towns and cities—often focusing on local campaigns around public services, labor issues, equality, and opposition to discrimination in municipal resource allocation.[71]

Media and publications

Hadash's principal constituent party, the Communist Party of Israel (Maki), maintains a long-standing press infrastructure in both Hebrew and Arabic. The party publishes the Hebrew-language weekly Zo HaDerekh, founded in 1951, which serves as its primary outlet for political analysis, commentary and reporting from a communist perspective.[77][78]

In Arabic, Maki publishes the daily newspaper Al-Ittihad, based in Haifa and founded in 1944. Al-Ittihad is the oldest continuously published Arabic-language newspaper in Israel and has historically served as a central platform for political commentary, labor issues and the civic concerns of Arab citizens of Israel.[79][80]

In addition to the Communist Party’s publications, Hadash operates its own media presence, including an official website and separate social media channels used for party announcements, campaign materials, and political statements. The Hadash website publishes content in Hebrew, Arabic, and English[81]

State response to political activity

On 1 November 2009, then party leader Mohammad Barakeh was indicted on four counts relating to incidents that occurred between April 2005 and July 2007, including assault and interfering with a police officer in the line of duty, assault on a photographer, insulting a public servant, and attacking an official while carrying out a legal duty.[82][83] The charges stemmed from Barakeh’s involvement in political demonstrations protesting Israeli government policies.

Barakeh denied the allegations, and civil rights organizations argued that the indictment was connected to his participation in lawful political protest.[84] In May 2015, the Tel Aviv District Court overturned Barakeh's conviction and cleared him of all remaining charges after several years of legal proceedings.[85]

Other members of Hadash have also faced police investigations or legal proceedings linked to political demonstrations. In 2022, MK Ofer Cassif (Hadash–Ta'al) was investigated and later indicted on suspicion of assaulting a police officer during a protest against evacuations in the South Hebron Hills. Cassif denied the allegations and stated that he was attempting to access a lawful protest site.[86]

At the outset of the Gaza War, Israeli police detained several prominent Arab political leaders, including former Hadash Chairman and MK Mohammad Barakeh, who at the time served as chair of the High Follow-Up Committee for Arab Citizens of Israel. The detentions took place as the individuals were en route to or organizing small anti-war protest vigils. Police stated that the gatherings posed a risk to public order and lacked authorization, while detainees and legal advocates said the protests were lawful and did not require permits under Israeli law.[87][88] All detainees were released later the same day, in some cases under temporary restrictive conditions.

In late 2023, Israeli police attempted to prevent the holding of a Hadash national convention in the northern city of Shefa-Amr, contacting venue operators and warning that hosting the event could lead to administrative penalties. Police cited concerns over potential incitement, while Hadash stated that the actions constituted political pressure; the event was ultimately relocated and held as planned.[89][90]

During the same period, police conducted several raids on Hadash and Communist Party of Israel offices in Nazareth, citing 'enforcement and security considerations'. Party officials stated that the raids included the removal of political materials and temporary detentions, and linked them to a broader crackdown on anti-war political activity.[91][92]

In July 2025, Hadash–Ta'al chairman Ayman Odeh was assaulted by right-wing demonstrators while arriving at a political protest in Ness Ziona. A magistrate court judge later criticized the police for failing to arrest individuals visibly involved in leading the attack, despite the existence of video evidence, and noted deficiencies in the law enforcement response.[93]

Election results

Election Votes % Seats +/– Knesset members
1977 80,118 4.6
5 / 120
 – Charlie Biton, Avraham Levenbraun (replaced by Hanna Mwais), Tawfik Toubi, Meir Vilner, Tawfiq Ziad
1981 64,918 3.4
4 / 120
 Decrease1 Charlie Biton, Tawfik Toubi, Meir Vilner, Tawfiq Ziad
1984 69,815 3.4
4 / 120
 Steady Charlie Biton, Tawfik Toubi, Meir Vilner, Tawfiq Ziad, Muhammed Wattad (joined from Mapam)
1988 84,032 3.7
4 / 120
 Steady Charlie Biton (left party during Knesset term), Tawfik Toubi (replaced by Tamar Gozansky), Meir Vilner (replaced by Hashem Mahameed), Tawfiq Ziad (replaced by Mohamed Nafa)
1992 62,545 2.4
3 / 120
 Decrease1 Tamar Gozansky, Hashem Mahameed, Tawfiq Ziad (replaced by Saleh Saleem)
1996[i] 129,455 4.2
4 / 120
 Increase1 Tamar Gozansky, Ahmad Sa'd, Saleh Saleem, Hashem Mahameed
1999 87,022 2.6
3 / 120
 Decrease1 Mohammad Barakeh, Tamar Gozansky, Issam Makhoul
2003[ii] 93,819 3.0
2 / 120
 Decrease1 Mohammad Barakeh, Issam Makhoul
2006 86,092 2.7
3 / 120
 Increase1 Mohammad Barakeh, Dov Khenin, Hana Sweid
2009 112,130 3.3
4 / 120
 Increase1 Mohammad Barakeh, Dov Khenin, Hana Sweid, Afu Agbaria
2013 113,439 3.0
4 / 120
 Steady Mohammad Barakeh, Dov Khenin, Hana Sweid, Afu Agbaria
2015 Part of the Joint List
5 / 120
 Increase1 Ayman Odeh, Aida Touma-Suleiman, Dov Khenin, Yousef Jabareen, Abdullah Abu Ma'aruf, Youssef Atauna
April 2019[ii] 193,442 4.49
4 / 120
 Decrease1 Ayman Odeh, Aida Touma-Suleiman, Ofer Cassif, Yousef Jabareen
September 2019 Part of the Joint List
5 / 120
 Increase1 Ayman Odeh, Aida Touma-Suleiman, Ofer Cassif, Yousef Jabareen, Jabar Asatra
2020 Part of the Joint List
5 / 120
 Steady Ayman Odeh, Aida Touma-Suleiman, Ofer Cassif, Yousef Jabareen, Jabar Asatra
2021 Part of the Joint List
3 / 120
 Decrease2 Ayman Odeh, Aida Touma-Suleiman, Ofer Cassif
2022[ii] 178,735 3.75
4 / 120
 Increase1 Ayman Odeh, Aida Touma-Suleiman, Ofer Cassif, Youssef Atauna (replaced by Ta'al MK Samir Bin Said on 23 June 2025)[46]
  1. ^ In an alliance with Balad, which won a total of five seats
  2. ^ a b c In alliance with Ta'al.

Leaders

Hadash’s leadership structure includes both a chairperson, who serves as the coalition’s political head, and a secretary-general, who is responsible for organizational and operational leadership.

Chairpersons

Portrait Name Term Notes
Meir Vilner Meir Vilner 1977–1992 Founding chairman

[94] [95]

Tawfiq Ziad Tawfiq Ziad 1992–1994 Also served as mayor of Nazareth

[96]

Saleh Saleem Saleh Saleem 1996–1999
Mohammad Barakeh Mohammad Barakeh 1999–2015 Also served as secretary-general

[97] [98] [99]

Ayman Odeh Ayman Odeh 2015–2023 Previously secretary-general

[100] [97] [101] [102]

Issam Makhoul Issam Makhoul 2023–2025

[103] [104] [105]

Secretaries-general

Name Term Notes
Tawfik Toubi 1989–1993

[106] [107]

Mohammad Barakeh 1993–1999 Later chairman

[97]

Odeh Bisharat 1999–2006

[108] [109] [110] [111]

Mansour Dahamshe 2015–2023

[112] [113] [114]

Amjad Shbita 2023–present

[115] [116] [117]

Notes

  1. ^ The Hebrew name Hadash (Hebrew: חד״ש, lit. 'New') is an abbreviation of HaHazit HaDemokratit LeShalom VeLeShivion, lit. 'The Democratic Front for Peace and Equality'. Its Arabic name al-Jabhah ad-Dimuqrāṭiyyah lis-Salām wal-Musāwāt is abbreviated Aljabha, lit. 'Front'
  2. ^ Hebrew: החזית הדמוקרטית לשלום ולשוויון; Arabic: الجبهة الديمقراطية للسلام والمساواة

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